U.S. patent number 3,698,595 [Application Number 04/887,189] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-17 for pressurized dispenser.
Invention is credited to Norman Gortz, Michael B. Maccarone.
United States Patent |
3,698,595 |
Gortz , et al. |
October 17, 1972 |
PRESSURIZED DISPENSER
Abstract
A resilient bladder-type dispenser wherein the bladder, when
empty, is prestressed over a mandril extending into the dispenser.
The bladder is provided with a flexible, flat bottom wall which is
self-aligning over a tapered mandril. An annular enlarged diameter
portion is provided on the bladder near its upper edge for forming
a fold to maintain the bladder in fluid tight relationship with a
gland which can be mounted in the dispenser to lock the bladder in
place. A dispensing valve is provided in the bladder so that when
the valve is opened the bladder walls force fluids therefrom. A
stop is provided so that when the dispenser cap which actuates the
valve is oriented in a certain manner, the valve cannot be
inadvertently activated.
Inventors: |
Gortz; Norman (Santa Ana,
CA), Maccarone; Michael B. (Irvine, CA) |
Family
ID: |
25390632 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/887,189 |
Filed: |
December 22, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/95; 220/723;
222/407; 222/105; 222/386.5; 604/132 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
83/0061 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
83/00 (20060101); B65d 025/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;220/63R,85B
;222/95,105,215,406,407,386.5 ;128/214 ;285/257,243 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lowrance; George E.
Assistant Examiner: Garrett; James R.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A pressure apparatus for dispensing a fluid comprising:
a resilient bladder having wall means defining a fluid chamber
interior of the bladder and a fluid outlet in communication with
the interior of the bladder;
an outer casing disposed around the bladder and affixed thereto,
said casing having an outlet;
additional surface means exterior of the bladder against which a
substantial portion of the bladder wall means is stretched for
maintaining tension in the bladder wall means in the contracted
position so that said bladder is substantially empty of fluid in
the contracted position, said means including an elongate member
exterior of the bladder and having one end integrally mounted on
the inner surface of the casing and the other end interior of the
casing, said elongate member being of a smaller cross-section at
the end interior of the casing and gradually increasing to a larger
cross-section where said elongate member is fixed to the casing,
the bladder being disposed around the elongate member so as to
contract tightly therearound and being of a size relative to the
elongate member such that the elongate member prevents the bladder
from contracting to its unstressed size, the difference in size and
the elastic characteristics of the bladder being selected in
accordance with the desired minimum pressure at which fluid is to
be supplied from the container;
said bladder having an elongate cylindrical tubular body of
resilient material with an outlet at one end and being closed at
the other end by a bottom wall, said bladder having a neck portion
adjacent the outlet and said cylindrical body portion being of a
transverse cross-section less than the largest transverse
cross-section of said elongate member;
said elongate member comprising a tapered mandril integrally fixed
to the casing at the end opposite the casing outlet and extending
toward the casing outlet; and
said bladder in the contracted position being stretched over the
mandril with the closed end of the bladder on the free end of the
mandril and the body portion of the bladder stretched down over the
mandril and doubled back along the mandril.
2. A pressurized apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the
bladder in the contracted position doubles back at a location about
one-half of the distance from the casing wall adjacent the bladder
outlet to the opposite end of the bladder.
3. A pressure apparatus for dispensing a fluid comprising:
a resilient bladder having wall means defining a fluid chamber
interior of the bladder and a fluid outlet in communication with
the interior of the bladder;
an outer casing disposed around the bladder and affixed thereto,
said casing having an outlet;
additional surface means exterior of the bladder against which a
substantial portion of the bladder wall means is stretched for
maintaining tension in the bladder wall means in the contracted
position so that said bladder is substantially empty of fluid in
the contracted position, said means including an elongate member
exterior of the bladder and having one end integrally mounted on
the inner surface of the casing and the other end interior of the
casing, said elongate member being of a smaller cross-section at
the end interior of the casing and gradually increasing to a larger
cross-section where said elongate member is fixed to the casing,
the bladder being disposed around the elongate member so as to
contract tightly therearound and being of a size relative to the
elongate member such that the elongate member prevents the bladder
from contracting to its unstressed size, the difference in size and
the elastic characteristics of the bladder being selected in
accordance with the desired minimum pressure at which fluid is to
be supplied from the container;
said elongate member being tubular to provide a storage space, the
interior of the elongate member being closed and the fixed end
being open for access to the inner portion of the tubular member,
and said apparatus further includes removable means for closing the
access to the open end of said tubular member; and
said elongate member being surrounded on said casing by a plurality
of air vents and said removable closing means shields said air
vents from access from without said casing to the inner portion of
said casing thereby rendering said pressurized apparatus
substantially tamperproof.
4. A pressure apparatus for dispensing a fluid comprising:
a resilient bladder having wall means defining a fluid chamber
interior of the bladder and a fluid outlet in communication with
the interior of the bladder;
an outer casing disposed around the bladder and affixed thereto,
said casing having an outlet;
additional surface means exterior of the bladder against which a
substantial portion of the bladder wall means is stretched for
maintaining tension in the bladder wall means in the contracted
position so that said bladder is substantially empty of fluid in
the contracted position, said means including an elongate member
exterior of the bladder and having one end integrally mounted on
the inner surface of the casing and the other end interior of the
casing, said elongate member being of a smaller cross-section at
the end interior of the casing and gradually increasing to a larger
cross-section where said elongate member is fixed to the casing,
the bladder being disposed around the elongate member so as to
contract tightly therearound and being of a size relative to the
elongate member such that the elongate member prevents the bladder
from contracting to its unstressed size, the difference in size and
the elastic characteristics of the bladder being selected in
accordance with the desired minimum pressure at which fluid is to
be supplied from the container, said apparatus including a
plurality of air vents extending through said casing for permitting
evacuation of air from said casing and means for preventing access
to said air vents from without the casing.
5. A pressure apparatus for dispensing a fluid comprising:
a resilient bladder having wall means defining a fluid chamber
interior of the bladder and a fluid outlet in communication with
the interior of the bladder;
an outer casing disposed around the bladder and affixed
thereto;
additional surface means exterior of the bladder against which a
substantial portion of the bladder wall means is stretched for
maintaining tension in the bladder wall means in the contracted
position so that said bladder is substantially empty of fluid in
the contracted position;
means for fixing said bladder to said casing comprising a gland
member having a plurality of circumferentially spaced, radially
extending pressure tabs thereon;
said bladder including an enlarged diameter portion
circumferentially extending around the bladder adjacent the outlet
end of said bladder and said bladder being folded back on itself at
said enlarged diameter portion with the fold fitted within said
gland adjacent said radial pressure tabs; and
means on said apparatus for forcing said pressure tabs into sealing
engagement with the fold of said bladder.
6. A pressurized apparatus as defined in claim 5, wherein said
bladder is folded back on itself so that the portion of said
bladder intermediate said enlarged diameter portion and the outlet
end of said bladder extends internally into the bladder.
7. An apparatus as defined in claim 5, wherein said pressure tabs
are mounted on the outer periphery of said gland member and have a
thin, radially tapered, flexible portion thereon for permitting
bending of said tabs and a thick outer portion for applying
pressure to said bladder.
8. A dispenser device for supplying fluid material under pressure
comprising:
a cylindrical bladder having resilient side wall means which are
flexible from an expanded position in which a relatively large
fluid chamber is defined interior of the bladder to a contracted
position in which the fluid chamber is relatively small, the
resilience of the wall means urging the bladder to the contracted
position;
an outlet formed in the bladder for the passage of fluid from the
chamber;
substantially flat bottom wall means on the bladder which move
resiliently between a concave and a convex position;
an outer casing disposed around the bladder;
gland means connected in sealing relationship to the bladder
outlet, said gland means having a passage therethrough for flow of
fluid from the fluid chamber, said gland means having a cylindrical
body and a plurality of pressure members extending radially from
its periphery;
surface means exterior of the bladder against which a substantial
portion of the bladder side and bottom wall means are stretched for
prestressing substantially the entire bladder wall means and
causing a substantial portion of the interior surface of the
bladder wall to be in surface-to-surface engagement with another
portion of the interior surface of the bladder wall in the
contracted position, whereby when in the contracted position, the
bladder is substantially empty of fluid;
said surface means comprising an axially tapered elongate mandril
exterior of the bladder fixed to the outer casing opposite the
gland and extending interior of the casing toward the gland, said
mandril being approximately centered with respect to the bladder
and terminating in a free end near the gland, said free end having
a diameter slightly less than the diameter of said bladder;
at least a portion of said bladder wall means being stretched
around the mandril in the contracted position;
said gland means extending through the outlet of the bladder and
terminating in an end closely conforming to the free end of the
mandril;
the lower surface of the gland means being substantially the same
shape as the mandril free end surface so that the free end surface
of the mandril supports the gland means in an aligned position;
said bladder having an enlarged diameter portion adjacent its
outlet with the portion of said bladder above said enlarged
diameter section being folded down into contact with the bladder
side wall, the fold being inserted between the gland body and the
pressure members which extend radially therefrom; and
means for forcing said pressure members into engagement with said
bladder for forming a fluid tight seal intermediate said bladder.
Description
This invention is directed to a dispenser for dispensing fluids
from a pressurized container, more particularly it is directed to a
pressurized fluid dispensing container wherein the pressure for
dispensing is obtained by contraction of an expanded resilient
membrane or bladder.
This invention is an improvement over the basic concept of using a
prestressed bladder or membrane for dispensing fluid materials as
disclosed in the above-mentioned copending application. In the
prior device a prestressed bladder was mounted externally of a
cylindrical mandril and over the mandrilso that the bladder was
substantially empty in its prestressed, fully-contracted position
within the container. The device was developed to meet a
diversified market requirement for dispensing fluid products thick
and thin with an improved low cost pressurized package dispenser.
The dispenser should satisfactorily accommodate these products and
improve their sales appeal by providing a convenient pressure
package. The basic concept of a pressurized bladder-type dispenser
has been found to be highly advantageous for use in the dispensing
of fluids of varied viscosities and flow characteristics.
In general, the self-pressurized, prestressed-bladder-type
container has the following advantageous characteristics:
A. The basic container, in its pressurized state, is
non-explosive.
B. The container does not use a gas propellant for pressurization
which is the most common method now used.
C. The container assembly can be made of plastic, metal, or glass;
the preferred material being plastic with its wide latitude of
fabricated shape configurations and the ability of being less
vulnerable to damage or breakage under normal consumer use.
D. The external container shape is virtually unlimited for
distinctive design within the practical scope of effective and
economic functional design.
E. The common need for new formulations of the fluid product for
compatability with the gas propellant is eliminated.
F. In most applications the pressurized container will hold more
fluid product than normally found in an aerosol container of
similar size and volume since no internal space is allotted for the
volume of gas propellant.
G. The container and pressurization system can be so designed to
provide virtually full expulsion of the fluid product contained in
the container.
H. The container and pressurization system can be designed to
provide an uninterrupted spray dispensing as well as an
uninterrupted stream flow dispensing of fluids.
i. The container will dispense contained fluid from any positioned
attitude.
This invention is directed to a dispenser having novel features and
incorporating cost saving structural modifications which greatly
enhance the manufacture and assembly of the dispenser. For example,
it has been found that by changing the bladder construction, the
resilient sealing ring at the upper edge of the bladder can be
eliminated without eliminating the hermetic seal between the
bladder and the container which prevents leakage of fluid from the
bladder or air into the bladder. The elimination of the sealing
ring, while superficially unimportant, affords a tremendous savings
in construction and assembly time.
The elimination of the O-ring type seal also eliminates the need
for machining of a base member to form a seat for the ring. This
invention includes a bladder-valve interface which seals the
bladder without the requirement for close tolerances or timely
alignment of an O-ring seal.
Basically this invention is directed to a low cost, high volume
production, commercial pressure dispenser for fluids in the
consumer product fields; for example foodstuffs such as catsup,
mayonnaise, mustard and syrups, toiletries such as hand creams,
after shave lotions, shampoos, preshave lather, toothpaste and
household products such as car wax, floor wax, polishes for cars or
furniture, fluid detergents and in general a variety of cleaning
fluids. Additionally the dispenser of this invention can be used
for dispensing medical materials such as injectables of plasma and
other intravenous solutions as disclosed in the aforementioned
patent application. One of the features of this invention is that
the entire dispenser can be easily assembled without precise
machining of the parts.
The device, once assembled, is tamperproof and can be placed in a
nondispensing condition so that it can be shipped or handled
without danger of inadvertently actuating the dispenser valve and
causing loss of the fluids contained therein.
Additionally another of the features of this invention is that the
container can be assembled without careful and tedious alignment of
the prestressing mandril and the membrane.
The bladder or membrane used with the dispenser of this invention
is for all practical purposes self-aligning with the elongate
mandril which prestresses it so that in the fully contracted
condition the dispenser is substantially empty of fluid. This
self-alignment is accomplished by means of an axially tapered
mandril which extends from the bottom of the container upwardly
toward the fluid outlet and which receives the membrance over it to
place the membrane in the prestressed condition. The membrane is
constructed to include a substantially flat bottom wall which fits
over the upper surface of the mandril and due to its resiliency
forms a concavity over the upper mandril surface. The use of a
tapered mandril permits the membrane to easily slide down over the
mandril folding the inner surfaces of the lower portion upwardly
against the upper portion thereby prestressing the membrane by an
increasingly greater degree as it extends downwardly axially along
the mandril. This assists in forcing fluids from the lower portions
of the membrane.
Another feature of this invention is that the membrane may be
provided with both upper and lower air vents and a vent cover which
renders the dispenser less susceptible to damage by puncture of the
membrane and makes it substantially tamperproof.
Still another feature of the dispenser device of this invention is
that the outer design of the dispenser body can be tailored to the
product being dispensed and consumer appeal without alteration of
the basic dispensing valve mechanism or the fluid-containing
prestressed bladder.
Another feature of the dispensing device of this invention is that
the dispenser can be rapidly filled and the fluids can be dispensed
at the desired rate for each different fluid by simply varying the
dispensing orifice independent of the filling orifice.
Another feature of this invention is that the dispenser can be
refilled after using or can be discarded after the membrane is
entirely emptied. Either the reusable or disposable dispenser can
be made in accordance with this invention since while the device is
sturdy and durable it can be constructed at a sufficiently low
expense so that it can be discarded after a single use.
Another principal feature of the dispenser of this invention is
that a fluid tight seal is effected between the membrane and the
dispenser during assembly without providing an O-ring on the
membrane before insertion into the dispenser.
Another feature of the dispensing device of this invention is that
the control orifice for dispensing can be made independent of the
orifice for filling the dispenser to provide the optimum size
orifices for both operations.
These and other features of the invention as described herein will
become more readily apparent from the detailed description and
appended claims when taken in conjunction with the attached
drawings which are briefly described as follows:
FIG. 1 is a vertical partial section through the axis of the
dispenser body constructed in accordance with this invention
showing the bladder filled with a fluid to be dispensed;
FIG. 2 is a partially exploded sectional view of FIG. 1 with the
bladder emptied;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the valve
mechanism and membrane seal of a dispenser constructed in
accordance with this invention;
FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken substantially along
lines 4--4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view taken substantially along
lines 5--5 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the valve mechanism and activator cap
of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the bottom cover for a dispenser
constructed in accordance with this invention;
FIG. 8 is a somewhat diagrammatic view showing the action during
assembly of the upper bladder wall; and
FIG. 9 is an alternative view of the manner in which the bladder
can be mounted in a device constructed in accordance with this
invention.
Referring now to FIG. 1, the dispenser body 10 may be basically
formed of two coaxial frustroconical portions 12 and 14. The upper
portion 12 is shorter and has a larger apex angle than the lower
frustroconical portion 14. A partial top wall 16 on the upper
portion 12 as best shown in FIG. 3, forms a base which limits the
downward movement of a cap 18 which is attached thereto. The cap 18
is also provided with an outlet nozzle 20 having a dispensing
orifice 22 therein (see FIG. 3).
The lower portion 14 of the body 10 has an annular lower edge 24
and an inner surface 26.
The body 10 is adapted to fit on a base member 28 having an upper
annular shoulder 30 and an upwardly extending inner shoulder flange
32 thereon. The flange 32 is of sufficient outer diameter so that
it can be inserted within the body 10 into contact with the inner
surface 26 of the lower portion 14. In this fashion, the lower edge
24 of the conical portion 14 fits firmly on the annular shoulder
30. The body 10 and the base 28 are joined with an epoxy bonding
material or by ultrasonically welding the two parts. Ultrasonic
welding is preferred since it is fast, clean and can be adapted
readily to use on an assembly line.
The lowermost wall 36 of the base portion 28 is provided with an
annular groove 38. At the base of the annular groove 38 there is
provided one or more annular flat bottomed holes 39 which have an
orifice or air vent 40 therein. A base cover 41 having a plurality
of annularly spaced tabs 43 thereon (see FIG. 7) is provided for
preventing access to the air vents 40. The tabs 43 snap into the
groove 39 to lock the cover in place without blocking the air vents
40. A slight clearance is maintained between the wall 36 and upper
face of cover 41 to provide communication between the atmosphere
and the interior of body 10 via the vents 40. The cover 41 may be
removable so that tabs 43 can be snapped out of the groove 39 by
using a flat instrument to pry up the edges of the cover 41. This
permits the inner portion of the mandril to be used for storage
space for example for utensils to be used with the dispensed
fluids. The preferred embodiment is to mount the cover 41 in place
so that it can be removed only with difficulty, however.
At the center of the bottom wall 36 a hollow, upright, elongate
mandril 42 which is integral with the bottom wall 36 extends
upwardly toward the top of the dispenser. The outer wall 44 of the
mandril 42 tapers upwardly so that the upper circumference is
slightly smaller than the lower circumference of the mandril 42.
The mandril 42 has a smooth hemispherical upper surface 46 at its
free end which smoothly merges with the outer wall 44 for receiving
a cylindrical resilient bladder or membrane 50 thereover. The
diameter of the upper portion of the mandril 42 is slightly less
than the diameter of the bladder 50 and tapers to a diameter larger
than the diameter of the bladder so that the bladder 50 must be
expanded to fit over the mandril but can be started with ease. The
bladder 50, as shown in FIG. 1, preferably extends down over the
mandril for about one half the distance from the dispenser wall 16
adjacent the bladder outlet to the opposite end of the bladder.
With reference now to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the resilient
membrane bladder 50 has a cylindrical side wall 51 and a
substantially flat lower wall 52. The wall 52 fits over the upper
surface 46 on the mandril 42 when the dispenser body 10 is fitted
onto the base 28 so that the lower edge 24 of the body fits over
the flange 32 onto the shoulder 30. The resilient membrane 50 is
mounted within a flange 54 on the upper wall 16 as will be
discussed. The lower wall 52 of the membrane 50 is a circular,
disc-like member integrally formed with the membrane. The wall 52
may be of a slightly larger diameter than the diameter of the
cylindrical side wall 51 of the membrane 50 so that the wall 52 can
resiliently flex between a slightly convex and a slightly concave
configuration. When the lower wall 52 initially contacts the upper
surface 46 on the elongate mandril 42, the wall flexes into its
concave position helping to align the membrane with the
mandril.
An enlarged diameter portion 53 is provided near the upper edge 55
of the membrane 50. The membrane 50 is divided into an upper axial
portion 50b and a lower axial portion 50a by means of the enlarged
diameter portion 53. Portion 50b is folded inwardly on the portion
50a to form a fluid tight seal during assembly. The membrane 50 may
be formed from natural rubber latex or neoprene latex by a dipping
process, centrifugal molding or otherwise.
As shown in FIG. 3, the partial upper wall 16 of the dispenser body
is provided with an upwardly extending annular wall 60 which has a
radially outwardly protruding annular lip 62 near the upper edge 64
thereof.
Inwardly of the upwardly extending wall 60, as best shown in FIGS.
3, 4 and 6, the wall 60 is provided with circumferentially
extending vertically stepped, horizontal surfaces 66, 66', 67, 67'
and 68. The surfaces 67 and 67' are recessed below the surfaces 66
and 66' thereby forming shoulders 70 and 72 at the ends of the
surfaces 67 and 67'. The midpoints of the surfaces 66 and 66' are
circumferentially spaced from each other by approximately
180.degree. thereby forming symmetrical circumferential steps on
the inner surface of the flange 60. At one end of each of the
surfaces 66 and 66' there is a shoulder 74 (one shown) which acts
as a stop member as will be discussed.
A plurality of vents 69 are provided through the upper wall 16 to
assist in evacuation of air as the bladder is filled (see also FIG.
6). The cap 18 is positioned over the vents 69 so that they are not
accessible from without the container without complete removal of
the cap 18.
The lower surface 68 corresponds with the innermost upper surface
of the inwardly extending wall 16 and terminates in a
circumferentially extending vertical edge 76 which defines the
opening into the dispenser body. The inner surface 76 is connected
to the downwardly extending flange 54 by means of a curved surface
78 as best shown in FIG. 6.
Referring again to FIG. 3 it will be seen that the cap 18 is
provided with a sloping frustroconical side wall 80 which forms a
straight continuation of the outer wall 12. An annular vertically
extending groove 82 is provided in the lower edge of the outer wall
of the cap. Near the lower edge of the groove 82 on an outer
surface 84 is provided an annular lip 86. The lip 86 is adapted to
snap over the lip 62 on the upstanding wall 60 of the dispenser
body thereby forming a snapable attachment for holding the cap onto
the body. The diameter of the lip 86 and the lip 62 are
substantially equal. Both the wall 60 and the lower portion of the
wall 80 are sufficiently resilient to enable some radial deflection
inwardly and outwardly respectively to permit this snapping of the
cap into place. The wall and the lower portion of the outer wall of
the cap are sufficiently rigid so that the interlock between the
lips 62 and 86 is sufficient to prevent accidental removal of the
cap.
The inner edge of the groove 82 is formed by a pair of downwardly
and annularly extending tabs 88 and 88', as best shown in FIGS. 4
and 6. The tabs 88 and 88' are oppositely spaced about the
circumference of the wall 60 and are adapted to seat on the
surfaces 66, 66', 67 and 67' as will be discussed.
As best shown in FIG. 3, the orifice 22 has a horizontally
extending portion 22a and a vertically extending portion 22b formed
by a depending tubular neck 90 which extends downwardly from the
central section of the cap and has an annular lower bottom edge
surface 92 thereon.
The membrane or bladder 50 is held in place near its upper edge by
means of a gland member 94 which comprises a cylindrical body 96
having an upper radially inwardly extending flange 98 at the upper
end thereof. A downwardly extending annular flange 100 is provided
at the inner edge of the flange 98 so that the flange 100 is
radially spaced from the body 96. The annular flange 100 forms
tubular passage from the cap into the body of the bladder, as shown
in FIG. 3. The radial spacing between flange 100 and the body 96
provides an annular recess where solids can collect without
interferring with the valving action. The bottom surface 102 of the
downwardly extending flange 100 forms a seat for a valve as will be
discussed.
The outer surface of the wall 96 near its midpoint is provided with
an integrally molded shoulder 110 which has a series of radially
extending flexible tab members 112 integrally connected to the
lower edge thereof and circumferentially spaced around the wall 96.
These tabs, as shown in FIG. 3, receive the upper end of the
bladder 50. This assembly is highly beneficial to the overall
commercial value of the dispenser of this invention since it mounts
the bladder 50 without extensive adjustment or alignment of parts.
The bladder portion 50b is merely folded inwardly back on the
portion 50a at enlarged diameter portion 53 by the upper and
external diameter section of the cylindrical body 96 and the fold
is inserted intermediate the gland body and the tabs. When the
gland is inserted into the dispenser the flange 54 and the curved
section 78 force the pressure exerting tabs 112 into a tight,
locking and sealing engagement with the enlarged diameter section
53 of the bladder, thus forming a fluid tight seal between the
bladder and the gland body 96.
The tabs 112, as also shown in FIG. 6, comprise a radially
outwardly thick portion 114 which has a central reinforcing member
116 mounted thereon. The tabs 112 are connected to the shoulder 110
by means of thin radially and axially tapered flexible hinge-like
portions 117 which permit the tabs to be resiliently bent downward
toward the gland body 96. The surface 114 has a fairly small radius
of curvature so that when it is pressed against the bladder 50 it
will hold the bladder in place while the central strengthening
strip 116 will abut against the annular flange 54 of the dispenser
body. With continued reference to FIG. 6, it will be seen that the
gland 94 also is provided with an upper edge 118 of the shoulder
110 which peripherally extends around the body of the gland 94.
Referring again to FIG. 3, it will be seen that the valve for
permitting the paste or liquid, which is within the membrane 50, to
be dispensed is a three piece valve mechanism 120. The upper
movable valve portion 122, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, includes a
hollow, cylindrical, tubular body portion 124 which depends
downwardly from a circular base member 126. The base member 126 has
an annular upstanding ridge 128 at the outer periphery thereof. The
ridge 128 tapers upwardly to a sharp point 130 at its upper edge,
as best shown in FIG. 3. Four guide and spacer members 132 are
radially and peripherally spaced from the center of the base 126 so
that their outer surfaces 134 lie along the circumference of a
circle which has a diameter slightly smaller than the inner
diameter of the depending flange 100 on the gland 94 so that the
guide and spacer members can move freely within the flange 100. The
peripheral spaces between the members 132 provide flow ports which
are positively shut off by the flange 100 when the valve is closed.
The sharp upper edge 130 of the ridge 128 seats on the lower
surface 102 of the annular flange 100 thereby forming a valve
closure. The guide and spacer members 132 keep the valve member 122
aligned within the gland 94 so that the edge 130 will seat properly
on the lower surface 102 of the annular flange 100 and by means of
the defined flow ports provide a second valve closure for
positively blocking fluid flow.
A helical biasing spring 135 is provided to urge the valve member
122 upwardly. The lower end of the helical spring 135 seats in a
well defined by a member 136 of the valve.
The valve member 136 comprises a generally flat base 138 having an
arrangement of axially extending perforations such as the annularly
arranged orifices 140 therein (see FIG. 5). A centrally located
cylindrical spring receiving wall 142 extends upwardly from the
base 138. The bottom surface of the base 138 immediately below the
wall 142 is generally designated as 144 and is upwardly concave as
best shown in FIG. 3. The outer periphery of the base 138 has an
annular flange 145 depending therefrom. The flange 145 prevents the
bladder from interferring with fluid flow by being forced into
blocking relationship with the orifices 140.
A small annular lip generally extends upwardly, as shown by lip
146, for aligning the lower valve member 136 with the lower edge of
the wall 96 of the gland. The lip 146 is of sufficiently large
diameter to fit snugly within the cylindrical wall 96. The lower
edge may include an annular groove 150 in the lower surface thereof
and a cooperating ridge or annular tongue 152 may be molded into
the upper surface of the base 138 of the lower valve member 136 for
positively aligning these members. However the preferred use of the
annular tongue 152 is for providing a deformable material member
for use in ultrasonically welding valve member 136 to gland member
94 with lower portion of gland member 96. When ultrasonic welding
is employed the annular groove 150 is eliminated and the lower edge
of the body 96 is flat.
The peripheral arrangement of the fingers or tabs 112 of the gland
94 and the orifices 140 in the valve member 136 are best shown in
FIG. 5. The materials used for the dispenser of this invention may
be a flexible plastic such as the ABS resins, polypropylene,
polyethylene, nylon or a silicone rubber. The spring 132 of course
is constructed from a resilient metal. Any type of spring mechanism
or any flexible materials can be used to construct the dispenser as
disclosed herein. Additionally rather than having lands machined on
the various portions of the dispenser the stepped surfaces may be
integrally molded with the individual body portions by injection
molding.
The body and cap of the dispenser may be molded in various colors
of synthetic resins depending upon the desired marketing appeal and
the material which is to be dispensed.
The dispenser of this invention can be assembled rapidly,
efficiently, and with little expense due to the construction of the
valve mechanism 120, the gland 94 and the bladder 50. To assemble
the dispenser, the valve mechanism 120 is first inserted axially
into the upper end of the cylindrical bladder 50. The upper portion
50b of the membrane is folded inwardly and down upon the lower
portion 50a (see FIG. 8) by the outside diameter surface portion 96
of the gland member. The enlarged diameter portion 53 provides a
fold line as shown in FIG. 8 to facilitate this folding. The folded
upper end of the membrane is then inserted between the tabs 112 and
the cylindrical wall 96 of the gland 94. This assembly is then
forceably and upwardly inserted into the inner annular surface 54
of the upper container body 10. This locks the folded membrane
portions 50a and 50b intermediate the tabs 112 and the cylindrical
wall 96. The lower end 52 of the membrane is then pressed down over
the upper end 46 of the mandril 42. This is easily accomplished
since the lower end 52 of the membrane, due to its resiliency,
moves into a concave configuration and rides over the mandril so
that the membrane is inverted upon itself as shown in FIG. 1. The
bladder preferably has its entire lower half inverted and must have
at least its lower one fourth inverted to be effectively
prestressed. The amount of prestressing applied to the bladder 50
may be regulated by adjusting the relative diameters of the mandril
and bladder, the degree of mandril taper and the resiliency of the
bladder. Best results have been obtained by making the mandril
taper quickly to a diameter slightly larger than that of the
bladder so that actually only the end portion of the mandril is of
a smaller diameter than the bladder. A slight positive inflation
pressure may be applied to the bladder to assist in aligning it and
forcing it down over the mandril. This procedure slightly
prestresses the bladder so that it will retain its shape in
assembly. The air is slowly released as the mandril inverts the
bladder.
Preferably the upper surface 46 of the mandril is of the same
radius of curvature as the lower surface 144 on the member 136 so
that the valve mechanism is easily centered over the mandril. The
upper edge 46 of the mandril 42 thus comes into mating contact,
with the membrane lower wall 52 intermediate, with the lower
surface 144 on the base 138 of the valve member 136. When in this
configuration, the valve mechanism and the gland 94 can be inserted
by means of the mandril 42 into the upper body portion 12 of the
dispenser with the shoulder 110 on the gland 94 fitted within the
annular edge 76 of the dispenser body as shown in FIG. 3. As the
valve 120, the gland 94, and the upper end of the bladder 50 are
pushed into the dispenser, the depending flange 54 of the dispenser
body bends the tabs 112 downwardly at the resilient hinge-like
members 117 so that the thicker lower portions 114 come into
contact with the outer fold portion 50a of the membrane which is
folded so that the enlarged diameter portion 53 is at the fold
crease. These tabs thus are pressed tightly up against the folded
portion of the membrane by the depending skirt or flange 54 thereby
forming a fluid tight seal between the gland and the bladder as
shown in FIG. 3.
At this stage of assembly the upper container body 10 is joined to
the lower portion of container body 28 by some form of material
bonding, in preferred case by ultrasonically welding the surface 30
of portion 28 to the surface 24 of upper container body 10 wherein
there can be an annular tongue of a prescribed nature on either
surface 30 or surface 24 as required for the ultrasonic weld. This
completes container assembly without the cap 18.
Alternatively, the container may be assembled to this point by
placing the gland 94 and valving mechanism 120 over the bladder and
inserting them into the upper portion of the dispenser then forcing
the mandril into the bladder. Again a slight positive air pressure
may be applied in the bladder during assembly. The bladder is
vented through the valve 122 as the mandril is inserted
therein.
After the valve and bladder have been installed and the container
body portions assembled, the cap 18 is placed on the dispenser by
snapping the lip 86 over the lip 62 as previously discussed. The
cap can be rotated so that the tabs 88 and 88' are peripherally
aligned with the lower surfaces 67 or peripherally aligned with the
upwardmost surfaces 66. When the tabs 88 and 88' are aligned with
the surfaces 66 and 66' the dispenser is in a non-dispensing
position. When the tabs are aligned with the surfaces 67 and 67',
however, the cap may be depressed thereby forcing the valve member
122 downwardly so that the ridge 130 moves away from the valve seat
surface 102 and permits fluids to be dispensed from the prestressed
bladder through the orifices 140 up through the guide and spacer
members 132 and out the nozzle outlet 122. As shown in FIG. 3, the
spring 135 normally biases the ridge 130 into sealing engagement
with the lower surface 102 of the depending flange 100 on the gland
94 so that fluids cannot leak out of the dispenser.
Filling is preferably accomplished before the cap 18 is in place. A
tubular member from a conventional pressurized filling machine is
introduced into the orifice defined by depending flange 100. This
pushes down on surfaces 132 opening the valve 120. The fluids are
then forced into the bladder 50 and expand it as shown in FIG. 1.
By filling the container before the cap 18 is mounted in place a
large fill orifice can be used for rapid fill and a smaller cap
dispensing orifice 22 can be used for controlled dispensing.
When the bladder is filled it occupies the inner volume of the
dispenser in a highly stressed condition so that when the cap 18 is
depressed the fluids are forced out of the bladder.
As a description of the cap action the following is noted. To
prevent dispensing of fluids the cap 18 may be rotated
counterclockwise so that the flange 88 comes into contact with the
stop member 74. When the cap is in this position the containers can
be shipped with little danger of inadvertent dispensing. A strip of
sealing tape may be placed around the cap and body juncture to
prevent inadvertent or intentional rotation of the cap 18 to an
actuatable position before sale.
One of the chief advantages of the dispenser of this invention is
the ease with which it can be assembled due to the tapering of the
mandril 44, the configuration of the bladder, and the novel gland
which locks the bladder in a fluid tight relationship inherently
with assembly.
Another advantage of the dispenser of this invention is that it can
be rapidly and easily assembled. The construction of the membrane
or bladder 50 as best shown in FIG. 6 contributes to this
advantage. This membrane 50 includes near its upper edge 55 the
outwardly extending large diameter portion 53 which divides the
bladder 50 into a lower portion designated generally as 50a and an
upper portion designated generally in FIG. 6 as 50b. The outer
surface of the upper portion 50b of the bladder, when the bladder
is inserted onto the gland body 96, folds inwardly so that it is on
the inner surface with the enlarged portion 53 at the upper edge
and the upper bladder portion 50b folded inwardly into the bladder
portion 50a to form the seal during assembly.
As shown in FIG. 9 the bladder upper portion 50b may also be folded
outwardly and the same fluid tight sealing fold will be obtained.
The outward folding is not effected by the lower edge of the wall
96 or the flange 145 as is the inward folding shown in FIG. 8.
Rather, the upper portion 50b must be deliberately expanded
outwardly and folded down with the enlarged diameter portion 53 as
the crease.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without
departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The
present embodiment is therefore to be considered in all respects as
illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being
indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing
description, and all changes which come within the meaning and
range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be
embraced therein.
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