U.S. patent number 3,698,533 [Application Number 05/046,284] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-17 for keyboard arrangement.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated. Invention is credited to Howard Clayton Illig, Wilfred Emile Lehder, Jr., James Daniel Parker, III, Alfred Michael Santacroce, James Arthur Sheridan.
United States Patent |
3,698,533 |
Illig , et al. |
October 17, 1972 |
KEYBOARD ARRANGEMENT
Abstract
The alphabetic keys of a keyboard adapted for coded alphanumeric
input are arranged in four staggered rows so as to be operated by
the right hand, with the home row including the vowel letter keys
A, E, I. O and U, and with the remaining letter keys arranged
relative to the home row according to their frequency of use. The
numerical keys 0 through 9 are arranged in a single row
approximately centered above the alphabetic keys. Various
directional and functional keys are arranged so as to be operated
by the left hand to indicate the direction or field of the
alphanumeric keys operated by the right hand.
Inventors: |
Illig; Howard Clayton (Rumson,
NJ), Lehder, Jr.; Wilfred Emile (Middletown, NJ), Parker,
III; James Daniel (Sea Bright, NJ), Santacroce; Alfred
Michael (Eatontown, NJ), Sheridan; James Arthur
(Englishtown, NJ) |
Assignee: |
Bell Telephone Laboratories,
Incorporated (Murray Hill, NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
21942615 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/046,284 |
Filed: |
June 15, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
400/486 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
5/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
5/10 (20060101); B41J 5/00 (20060101); B41j
005/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;197/4,7,9,11,19,20,98,99,100,102,103,104,106 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wright, Jr.; Ernest T.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A keyboard arrangement adapted for coded alphanumeric
information input comprising, alphabetic letter keys A through Z
arranged in a plurality of rows positioned so as to facilitate
operation of all of said alphabetic keys by one hand, numeric keys
0 through 9 arranged in a single row positioned above said
alphabetic keys, said alphabetic and numeric keys being operative
for generating manifestations of coded alphanumeric information, a
plurality of directional keys arranged in one or more rows
positioned alongside said rows of alphabetic keys so as to
facilitate operation of all of said directional keys by the other
hand, operation of said directional keys generating manifestations
identifying predetermined fields associated with said alphanumeric
information, and a plurality of function keys peripherally arranged
adjacent said alphabetic and directional keys.
2. A keyboard arrangement in accordance with claim 1 adapted for
operative association with a file of data based on the name and
location of individual parties and for operative association with
means for retrieving selected data from said file, wherein said
directional keys include keys for generating manifestations
identifying name and location fields associated with respective
portions of said coded alphanumeric information; and wherein said
function keys include a first key for initiating operation of said
retrieving means, a second key for erasing at least part of said
alphanumeric information input, and one or more additional keys for
controlling data retrieved from said file.
3. A keyboard arrangement in accordance with claim 1 wherein said
function keys include keys operative for categorizing and for
controlling the input of said generated manifestations of
alphanumeric information.
4. A keyboard arrangement in accordance with claim 3 adapted for
use with a file of data, said arrangement further comprising a
plurality of class keys arranged in clusters disposed adjacent the
periphery of said alphabetic, numeric and directional keys, each of
said clusters including a general class key and two or more
specific class keys, said general class key and said specific class
keys in each cluster being hierarchically arranged such that said
general class key is operative for generating manifestations
defining a predetermined block of data in said file and said
specific class keys are operative for generating manifestations
defining predetermined subdivisions of said predetermined block of
data.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This relates to keyboards and more particularly to key arrangements
for information input and retrieval keyboards.
The standard typewriter keyboard arrangement has persisted in
basically unchanged form for many years and has proven generally
satisfactory for most textual information applications. However, in
certain applications such as for coded alphanumeric information
input, it has been recognized that the standard typewriter keyboard
arrangement is rather inefficient. Keyboard inefficiency tends to
result in slower keying rates and in greater error rates, both very
costly and undesirable in large volume information retrieval
applications. Another important aspect in such applications is the
ease with which the keyboard arrangement can be learned by
untrained personnel.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide a new and
improved keyboard arrangement.
More particularly, it is an object of this invention to provide a
new and improved keyboard arrangement for coded alphanumeric
information input, which is easy to learn and which is more
efficient than heretofore arrangements.
According to one aspect of our invention, the above and other
objects are attained in an illustrative embodiment of a keyboard
arrangement in which the keys are arranged such that the
alphanumeric keys are operated principally by one hand, e.g., the
right hand. The alphabetic keys are arranged in four banks or rows,
preferably staggered, with the home row including the vowel letter
keys, A, E, I, O and U. The remaining alphabetic keys are arranged
generally in accordance with the frequency of their use for coded
alphanumeric input, with the more frequently used keys, such as B,
C, D, L, M and N, disposed so as to be operated by the stronger
fingers with minimum reach. Infrequently used keys, such as Q, Z,
Y, X and V, are located in the more difficult to reach locations on
the keyboard.
The keyboard arrangement according to our invention contemplates
the operation of directional keys with the left hand to indicate
the direction or field of the alphanumeric input keyed with the
right hand. Functional keys employed in substantially every
information input operation are arranged so as to be operated using
the thumbs. In the illustrative information retrieval keyboard
arrangement herein, for example, keys operated by the right thumb
determine portions of the information file to be searched, and one
of the keys operated by the left thumb starts the search
operation.
The two-handed directional keyboard arrangement of the present
invention thus minimizes the hand movement and finger reach
required, in turn helping to minimize keying errors and increase
keying speed. In addition, we have found that operation of the
present keyboard arrangement is generally learned more easily by
untrained personnel than standard typewriter keyboard
arrangements.
In certain information retrieval keyboard applications, it is often
desirable to be able to quickly search and retrieve information
from various predetermined blocks and sub-blocks of information in
the file. Of course, retrieval can be effected on the basis of
unique alphanumeric input codes, requiring generally the operation
of a plurality of keys and the learning of the particular codes
involved. However, according to another aspect of the present
keyboard arrangement, individual class keys are provided for
effecting search or retrieval of such blocks and sub-blocks of
information, the class keys being arranged advantageously in
hierarchal clusters each comprising a general class key and two or
more specific class keys.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
These and other objects and features of the invention may be fully
apprehended from the following detailed description and the
accompanying drawing in which an illustrative embodiment of an
information retrieval keyboard is shown arranged in accordance with
the principles of the invention.
The specific embodiment shown in the drawing is illustratively
depicted for use in a telephone company directory assistance
position. In such use, the keyboard is operatively associated,
usually on a shared basis, with a file of telephone listing
information. Specific listings are retrieved in response to coded
alphanumeric information keyed in by the operator. For example, the
keyed input information in a directory assistance application would
typically include coded manifestations of an individual or business
name and of the street address therefor, e.g., the first three
letters of the name and the first three letters of the street. It
will be appreciated, of course, that the present keyboard
arrangement may be employed advantageously in a variety of
alphanumeric information input applications, for example, coding
mail for electronic sorting.
Information retrieval keyboards typically comprise a number of
different types of keys, including alphabetic, numeric, and
function keys. According to one aspect of the present keyboard
arrangement, the alphabetic or letter keys are arranged in four
rows, designated 100 in the illustrative embodiment of the drawing,
and are arranged so as to be operated by one hand, illustratively
the right hand. The rows of alphabetic keys are preferably
staggered, such as in typical typewriter keyboard fashion. The
third row of alphabetic keys down from the top comprises the home
row for the right hand and includes the vowel letter keys A, E, I,
O and U. The keys A, E, I and O, shown in relatively heavier
outline in the drawing, are the home keys for the fingers of the
right hand. Advantageously, the vowel letter keys are arranged in
the order shown in the drawing inasmuch as that is the order in
which they are usually learned. The frequency with which the vowel
letter keys are used and the fact that they are generally already
known to the operator makes them advantageously suited to the home
row position, particularly from the standpoint of training the
operator.
The remaining alphabetic keys are arranged generally in accordance
with the relative frequency of their use for coded alphanumeric
input. The more frequently used keys, such as B, C, D, L, M and N,
are disposed so as to be operated by the stronger fingers with
minimum reach. Relatively infrequently used keys, such as Q, Z, Y,
X and V, are located in the more difficult to reach locations on
the keyboard. In the illustrative keyboard embodiment of the
drawing, the keys B, C, D and F are arranged as the first
alphabetic keys respectively of the four rows 100, ordered from the
bottom to the top row. The remaining keys are arranged in
alphabetical order in each row. Thus the first or top row comprises
the keys F, G, H, J, K and Z; the second row comprises D, L, M, N,
P, Q and Y; the third or home row comprises the keys C, A, E, I, O
and U; and the bottom row comprises B, R, S, T, W, V and X.
While certain of these keys are best located in the positions shown
in the illustrative embodiment of the drawing, other of the
alphabetic keys can be interchanged without departing from the
spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the home row of
alphabetic keys should not be changed, as should not the general
locations of the keys B, C, D, L, M and N, although the locations
of the latter keys relative to one another can be interchanged if
desired for a particular application. Similarly, the general
locations of the keys Q, Z, Y, X and V should not be changed but
their relative locations can be interchanged if desired.
The keys 101, shown blank at the left of the alphabetic key rows,
may be employed for special marks or for special combinations of
letters. In the directory assistance application mentioned above,
for example, the keys 101 may be employed for frequently used
trigrams or combinations of three letters, such as "WIL" used in
retrieving telephone listings for Wilson and Williams. Further
breakdown of the retrieved listings can be effected advantageously
by operation of one of the alphabetic keys corresponding to the
fourth letter of the name sought, such as by operation of one of
keys 101 for "WIL" followed by operation of key S for Wilson. Keys
101 may be employed also for hard-to-spell names to minimize keying
errors and/or multiple retrievals associated therewith.
The numeric keys 0 through 9 are arranged in that order in a single
row 102 approximately centered above the alphabetic keys.
Advantageously, row 102 is spaced apart from the alphabetic keys a
distance greater than the spacing between rows 100 and, as depicted
in the drawing, the numeric keys may be somewhat larger than the
alphabetic keys. Further, as shown in the illustrative embodiment
of the drawing, the numeric keys may be employed also for other
purposes such as special records or geographic identification.
As mentioned above, the keyboard arrangement according to our
invention contemplates the operation of directional keys with the
left hand to indicate the direction or field of the alphanumeric
input keyed with the right hand. The directional keys are arranged
in one or more rows 104 and depend generally as to number and use
upon the particular application of the keyboard. In the
illustrative information retrieval keyboard arrangement shown in
the drawing, which is particularly adapted for use in a directory
assistance position, the directional keys include the
following:
INDNT - Indent
MID INTL - Middle Initial
ABR FN - Abbreviated Finding Name
HSE NO - House Number
GEO - Geographic
NXT NME - Next Name (First Name)
FND NME - Finding Name (Last Name)
ST NME - Street Name
The home row is the bottom row of the directional keys, with the
home positions for the fingers of the left hand shown in relatively
heavier outline.
The Indent key identifies the listing wanted as being an indent
within an organization, such as a branch office of a large bank.
The fields identified by the keys designated Middle Initial, Next
Name, Finding Name, Street Name and House Number are self-evident.
The Geographic key, used immediately preceding the operation of one
of the numeric keys, identifies a particular geographical field of
search such as "Monmouth County." The Abbreviated Finding Name key
permits the complete input of a last name with only two keystrokes.
For example, the operation of this key followed by the operation of
the alphabetic key S illustratively inputs the complete name
"Smith."
Special function keys may also be included in rows 104, as shown in
the drawing, such as keys SP REC (Special Record, such as emergency
numbers), OVR RDE (Override) and ERASE. General function keys, one
or more of which may be used in substantially every information
retrieval operation, are arranged so they may be operated by the
thumbs. For example, the keys BUS (Business), GVT (Government) and
RES (Residence) may be operated by the right thumb to determine
major portions of the information file to be searched on the basis
of the alphanumeric input. The keys CLEAR, LST SEL (Listing Select)
and START SEARCH may be operated by the left thumb to respectively
permit the operator to clear the keyed input and start over, to
mark a selected listing, and to start the retrieval search after
the necessary alphanumeric information has been keyed in.
Two additional function keys 110 are shown at the lower right of
the illustrative keyboard arrangement in the drawing. Keys 110 are
used to advance and reverse associated visual displays of retrieved
information.
In certain information retrieval keyboard applications, it is often
desirable to be able to quickly search and retrieve information
from various predetermined blocks and sub-blocks of information in
the file. According to another aspect of the present keyboard
arrangement, individual class keys are provided for this purpose
and are arranged advantageously in hierarchal clusters. Each
cluster comprises a general class key, such as keys 10, 20, 30, 40,
50, 60 and 70 (shown in relatively heavier outline), and two or
more specific class keys such as keys 11 through 13 under general
class key 10 and 21 through 24 under general class key 20. The
designations of the general and specific class keys depend, of
course, upon the particular application. For example, for use in a
directory assistance position, keys 50 through 53 may be designated
as indicated illustratively in the drawing, referring to further
file subdivisions of the business listings.
What has been described hereinabove, therefore, is a new and
improved keyboard arrangement which is easy to learn and which is
susceptible of faster and more accurate operation than existing
keyboard arrangements. It is to be understood, however, that the
above-described arrangements are but illustrative of the
application of the principles of our invention. Numerous other
arrangements may be devised by those skilled in the art without
departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *