U.S. patent number 3,698,532 [Application Number 04/851,879] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-17 for keyboard for a typewriter.
Invention is credited to Irvine Dodds.
United States Patent |
3,698,532 |
Dodds |
October 17, 1972 |
KEYBOARD FOR A TYPEWRITER
Abstract
A typewriter keyboard includes a plurality of rows of keys with
two elongated typewriter mechanism actuating bars positioned
forwardly of the keys of the keyboard. The first bar extends at
least part way across one-half of the width of the keyboard and the
second bar extends at least part way across the other half of the
width of the keyboard. One bar operates a space mechanism and the
other operates a carriage return.
Inventors: |
Dodds; Irvine (Niagara Falls,
Ontario, CA) |
Family
ID: |
25311960 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/851,879 |
Filed: |
August 21, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
400/486;
400/488 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
5/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
5/10 (20060101); B41J 5/00 (20060101); B41j
005/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;197/98,100,101,179 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
775,334 |
|
Oct 1934 |
|
FR |
|
552,611 |
|
Jun 1932 |
|
DD |
|
577,708 |
|
Jun 1933 |
|
DD |
|
1,255,117 |
|
Nov 1967 |
|
DT |
|
332,476 |
|
Jul 1930 |
|
GB |
|
409,138 |
|
Apr 1934 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Wright, Jr.; Ernest T.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A typewriter keyboard arrangement for use with a typewriter
comprising a plurality of rows of keys, said plurality of rows of
keys being separated into two groups by a space divergent towards
an operator, the keys in each of said groups being arranged in a
plurality of straight lines generally parallel to each other, the
keys in each of said groups being located in a single plane, said
plane being inclined to the horizontal and sloping upwardly in a
direction away from the operator, each of said groups of keys
including four horizontal rows with a first row farthest from the
operator, a second row nearer to the operator than said first row,
a third row nearer to the operator than said second row and a
fourth row nearest to the operator, whereby cramping of the
operator's hands, fingers and arms is substantially eliminated,
first and second elongated typewriter mechanism actuating bars each
positioned forwardly of said keys on said keyboard, said first
elongated bar extending in a straight line at least part way across
the width of said keyboard occupied by one of said groups and
parallel to the straight lines of keys in said one group, and
adapted to actuate a space mechanism of said typewriter, said
second elongated bar extending in a straight line at least part way
across the width of the keyboard occupied by the other of said
groups and parallel to the straight lines of keys in said other
group, and adapted to actuate a carriage return mechanism of said
typewriter, whereby the thumbs on each hand of the operator are
utilized one to actuate the space mechanism and the other to
actuate the carriage return mechanism, three additional elongated
typewriter mechanism actuating bars, one located rearwardly of said
first group of keys and adapted to actuate a tabular bar of the
typewriter and the other two located rearwardly of the other group
of keys and adapted to actuate tab-set and tab-clear mechanisms of
said typewriter, ones of said plurality of keys adapted
respectively to actuate a back space mechanism and a margin release
mechanism of said typewriter, said ones of said keys being located
one at the outer end of the one of said straight lines of keys
forming one of said groups nearest said first elongated bar and the
other one at the outer end of the one of said straight lines of
keys forming the other of said groups nearest said second elongated
bar.
2. The keyboard arrangement of claim 1, wherein one of said
plurality of keys bears the designation of a dash in the upper case
position and adapted to actuate a similarly designated type
bar.
3. The keyboard arrangement of claim 1, wherein one of said
plurality of key bars bears the designation of a decimal point in
the lower case position and adapted to actuate a similarly
designated type bar.
4. The keyboard arrangement of claim 1, wherein said rows
containing keys bear the designations thereon successively from
left to right as viewed by an operator and adapted to actuate type
bars bearing such designations; first row, first key: asterisk in
upper case position and decimal point in lower case position,
second key: number sign in upper case position and numeral 7 in
lower case position, third key: open-bracket sign in upper case
position and numeral 5 in lower case position, fourth key:
close-bracket sign in upper case position and numeral 3 in lower
case position, fifth key: quotation marks in upper case position
and numeral 1 in lower case position, sixth key: underline in upper
case position and numeral 9 in lower case position, seventh key:
percentage sign in upper case position and numeral 0 in lower case
position, eighth key: cent sign in upper case position and numeral
2 in lower case position, ninth key: dollar sign in upper case
position and numeral 4 in lower case position, 10th key: "at" sign
in upper case position and numeral 6 in lower case position, 11th
key: apostrophe mark in upper case position and numeral 8 in lower
case position and 12th key: plus sign in upper case position and
equal signs in lower case position; second row, first key: colon in
upper case position and question mark in lower case position,
second key: comma in both upper and lower case positions, third
key: period in both upper and lower case positions, fourth key:
letter P, fifth key: letter Y, sixth key: letter F, seventh key:
letter G, eighth key: letter C, ninth key: letter R, 10th key:
letter L, 11th key: ampersand in upper case and oblique in lower
case position; third row, first key: letter A, second key: letter
O, third key: letter E, fourth key: letter U, fifth key: letter I,
sixth key: letter D, seventh key: letter H, eighth key: letter T,
ninth key: letter N, 10th key: letter S, 11th key: dash in upper
case position and hyphen in lower case position; fourth row: first
key:backspace, second key: semi-colon in upper case position and
exclamation mark in lower case position, third key: letter Q,
fourth key: letter J, fifth key: letter K, sixth key: letter X,
seventh key: letter B, eighth key: letter M, ninth key: letter W,
10th key: letter V, 11th key: letter Z and 12th key: margin
release.
5. The keyboard arrangement of claim 4, wherein the first to fifth
keys of each of the first, second and third rows and the first to
sixth keys of the fourth row are arranged in one group and the
remaining keys of each of the rows are arranged in another
group.
6. The keyboard arrangement of claim 5, wherein further keys are
provided at the following locations on said keyboard adapted to
actuate correspondingly designated type bars:
i.) left of said first key and right of said 11th key of said third
row when moved by an operator both to actuate a carriage shift
mechanism; and
ii.) left of said first key and right of said 11th key of said
second row when moved by an operator both to actuate a carriage
shift lock mechanism.
Description
This invention relates to a typewriter keyboard.
In a conventional typewriter keyboard, keys are arranged generally
in four parallel rows. When a particular key is depressed, a system
of levers and linkages cause the corresponding type bar to strike
paper through an inked ribbon. The paper is supported on a
rotatable cylinder known as a platen. On release of the type bar
from the paper and return to its original location, the carriage
advances by one space. Each individual type bar produces two
characters, generally the upper and lower case forms of a
particular letter but some type bars have special characters such
as numerals and punctuation marks.
A typewriter normally prints the lower case letter or the character
appearing in the lower case position on the type bar. Means
operable by a key or keys is provided to shift the carriage whereby
upon actuation of the means, the typewriter prints the upper case
letter or the character appearing in the upper case position. Upon
release of the key actuating the means, the carriage returns to its
original position. The conventional keyboard generally is provided
with releasable means operable by a key or keys to lock the
carriage in the upper case position.
There is provided on the conventional keyboard forwardly of the
rows of keys a bar extending at least partway across and generally
substantially the extent of the keys across the keyboard. The
typewriter is provided with means to move the carriage a distance
equivalent to a space. The latter means is operable by the bar.
A number of other mechanisms are provided in conventional
typewriters generally operably by keys located on the keyboard
including means to return the carriage to a preset starting point
when the end of a line of typing is reached, the platen being
rotated by a preset amount during the return whereby the next line
of typing may be commenced. Also, included is a tabulator together
with a tabulator set and tabulator clear mechanisms. A further
mechanism is a back space mechanism allowing the carriage to be
back spaced.
Sophisticated typewriters may include a number of further
mechanisms to perform automatically specific operations normally
performed manually. Such operations include margin reset and margin
release, half-space and ribbon set.
All of the operations and the mechanisms to perform such operations
of the typewriter are well known and well understood. The present
invention utilizes such well-known operations and mechanisms and no
further description thereof is necessary. The present invention is
concerned with an arrangement of the keyboard to operate such
mechanisms such arrangement producing a more efficient typing
operation.
The present invention provides a novel typewriter keyboard having a
plurality of rows of keys. The invention consists in the location
of first and second elongated bars each positioned forwardly of the
keys on the keyboard. The first elongated bar extends at least part
way across one-half of the width of the keyboard and the second
elongated bar extends at least part way across the other half of
the width of the keyboard.
The invention is further identified by the accompanying drawing in
which:
FIG. 1 represents a plan view of one embodiment of a typewriter
keyboard of the present invention,
and FIG. 2 represents a side view of part of a typewriter including
the keyboard of FIG. 1.
In the drawing: a typewriter keyboard 10 is situated on a
typewriter 11 and has first and second elongated bars 12 and 14
respectively located forwardly of a plurality of rows of keys
generally indicated at 16. The bar 12 is intended to activate the
carriage return mechanism of the typewriter 11 and is connected
thereto through linkage 13 and the bar 14 is intended to activate
the space mechanism of the typewriter 11 and is connected thereto
through linkage 15. With conventional typewriters the thumb of the
left hand of an operator is not used to depress any key or the
space bar, the latter being depressed conventionally by the right
thumb.
With the keyboard 10 of the present invention by the provision of
both a space bar 14 and a carriage return bar 12, the thumb of the
left hand is brought into use to depress the carriage return bar 12
thereby actuating the carriage return mechanism. It is intended
that the thumb of the right hand still be used to depress the space
bar 14 as in a conventional typewriter. The present invention
therefore provides a typewriter 11 in which all the digits of each
hand of an operator are utilized thereby giving rise to a more
efficient typing operation.
The keyboard 10 is arranged in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the invention with the keys 16 arranged in two groups
divided by a space 18 which diverges towards the operator. It will
be seen from FIG. 1 that the carriage return bar 12 is located
forwardly of the left hand group and the space bar 14 forwardly of
the right hand group. Arrangement of the keyboard 10 in this manner
allows a more natural relative location of digits, hands, wrists
and arms of an operator than in the conventional typewriter,
thereby reducing cramp.
As may be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the plurality of rows of keys 16
are divided into two groups. The keys in each of the groups are
arranged in a plurality of straight lines generally parallel to
each other. In each of the groups the keys are located in a single
sloping plane. Each of the bars 12 and 14 extends in a straight
line which is parallel to the straight lines of the rows of keys of
the associated respective group.
Arrangement of the keyboard 10 in this way has given rise to
modification of the design of the leading edge of the frame 17
supporting the keyboard 10. The frame 17 is bent at 19 to
accommodate the divergence of the two groups of keys 16. Support
rods 21 are provided for the connectors to the appropriate
mechanism.
The keyboard 10 includes a tabulator bar 20, a tab-clear bar 24 and
a tab-set bar 22. These bars 20, 24 and 22 when depressed by an
operator actuate the appropriate mechanism of the typewriter 11 and
are connected to the mechanisms respectively through linkages 27,
25 and 23. The tab-clear and tab-set bars 24 and 22 may be
depressed by the middle and third finger of the left hand of an
operator while spacing is provided at the same time by depression
of the space bar 14 by the right thumb of the operator.
Alternatively, the tabulator bar 20 may be depressed using the
middle and third fingers of the right hand of the operator. By the
use of bars 20, 24 and 22 instead of keys the operator may
manipulate the appropriate mechanism by touch, so that the work
still may be observed while the tabs are set for tabulation, in
contrast to the key arrangement of the prior art where the typist
must look away from the work while setting the tabs. In the
conventional typewriter, the tab set bar is depressed by the fourth
finger of the right hand and the tab-clear bar in some models by
the fourth finger of the left hand and in other models by the third
and fourth finger of the right hand. In addition, the tabulator bar
is depressed in a conventional typewriter by the third and fourth
finger of the left hand.
The keyboard 10 includes a key 26 bearing the designation of a dash
for the upper case position and a hyphen in the lower case
position. This key 26 actuates a type bar having a dash in upper
position and a hyphen in the lower case position. In a conventional
keyboard a hyphen is provided in the lower case position. Many
documents such as telegrams are typed in upper case characters with
a space-dash-space between the particulars. Thus, it is necessary
with a conventional keyboard to revert to lower case to insert the
dash. By providing a dash in the upper case characters, such
documents may be produced quicker than previously, due to the
elimination of the movement to and from lower case characters to
provide the dash.
The keyboard 10 includes a key 28 having a decimal point in the
lower case position. This key 28 actuates a type bar having a
decimal point in the lower case position. The specification for
drawings and schematics are mainly hand printed. By the provision
of a decimal point it is possible to type out appropriate decimal
amounts and include the typed out material on an engineering
schematic or the like prior to blue printing.
In order to retain the same number of keys on the keyboard 10 while
at the same time adding two new characters i.e., the dash in the
upper case position or key 26 and the decimal point in the lower
case position or key 28, the conventional key and the associated
type bar bearing the characters 1/4 and 1/2 have been eliminated.
It is a simple operation to type these fractions in the same manner
as fractions not otherwise provided for on the conventional
keyboard, i.e., by the use of an oblique sign together with the
relevant numerals.
In order to facilitate the typing of fractions, the key bearing the
oblique has been relocated in the second row as key 30. The oblique
sign appears in the lower case position.
The keyboard 10 further includes keys 32, 34, 36 and 38 bearing as
designations all the conventional on-line punctuation marks. Thus,
key 32 is designated by a period in both upper and lower case
positions, key 34 is designated by a comma in both upper and lower
case positions, key 36 is designated by a colon in the upper case
position and a question mark in the lower case position and key 38
is designated by a semi-colon in the upper case position and an
exclamation mark in the lower case position. Location of these keys
32, 34 and 36 above and below the so-called home row 40 of the
keyboard 10 and in the left-hand group represents a distinct
improvement over the conventional location of these keys, i.e., on
or below the home row at the right-hand end of the keyboard.
In addition, two keys 52 and 54 located to actuate back space and
margin release mechanisms of conventional construction and are
connected to these mechanisms respectively through linkages 53 and
55. These keys 52 and 54 are located one at each end of the front
row of keys.
With relocation of particular keys, the whole keyboard has been
redesigned around the changes noted above to provide an improved
overall layout of the keys of the keyboard 10 of a typewriter 11,
having a greater efficiency enabling typing speeds to be
increased.
The overall layout is shown in FIG. 1, the first row 42 containing
the following keys from left to right: first key: asterisk in upper
case position and decimal point in lower case position, second key:
number sign in upper case position and numeral 7 in lower case
position, third key: open-bracket sign in upper case position and
numeral 5 in lower case position, fourth key: close-bracket sign in
upper case position and numeral 3 in lower case position, fifth
key: quotation mark in upper case position and numeral 1 in lower
case position, sixth key: underlining sign in upper case position
and numeral 9 in lower case position, seventh key: percentage sign
in upper case position and numeral 0 in lower case position, eighth
key: cent sign in upper case position and numeral 2 in lower case
position, ninth key: dollar sign in upper case position and numeral
4 in lower case position, 10th key: at sign in upper case position
and numeral 6 in lower case position, 11th key: apostrophe mark in
upper case position and numeral 8 in lower case position, 12th key:
plus sign in upper case position and equals sign in lower case
position; the second row 44 containing the following keys from left
to right: first key: key 36, second key: key 34, third key: key 32,
fourth key: letter P, fifth key: letter Y, sixth key: letter F,
seventh key: letter G, eighth key: letter C, ninth key: letter R,
10th key: letter L, 11th key: ampersand in upper case position and
oblique in lower case position, the home row 40 containing the
following keys from left to right: first key: letter A, second key:
letter 0, third key: letter E, fourth key: letter U, fifth key:
letter I, sixth key: letter D, seventh key: letter H, eighth key:
letter T, ninth key: letter N, 10th key: letter S and 11th key: key
26; the fourth row 46 containing the following keys from left to
right: first key: key 38, second key: letter Q, third key: letter
J, fourth key: letter K, fifth key: letter X, sixth key: letter B,
seventh key: letter M, eighth key: letter W, ninth key: letter V
and 10th key: letter Z. Depression of a particular key actuates the
equivalent type bar to print the particular letter or symbol.
The keyboard 10 also includes conventional carriage shift and lock
keys 48 and 50 respectively, to actuate the corresponding mechanism
of the typewriter 11.
Modifications are possible within the scope of the invention.
* * * * *