U.S. patent number 3,698,434 [Application Number 05/130,443] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-17 for hydraulic directional control valve.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Harvester Company. Invention is credited to Vaughn A. Nelson.
United States Patent |
3,698,434 |
Nelson |
October 17, 1972 |
HYDRAULIC DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE
Abstract
A directional flow control valve for controlling fluid flow
between a source of fluid energy and a hydraulic motor having a
valve housing, intake ports, motor ports, and exhaust ports,
control means movable within said valve housing so as to
selectively interconnect the ports of said valve housing, and flow
responsive means within one of said ports, engageable with the
control means for holding same in the selected position until flow
ceases.
Inventors: |
Nelson; Vaughn A. (Downers
Grove, IL) |
Assignee: |
International Harvester Company
(Chicago, IL)
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Family
ID: |
22444719 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/130,443 |
Filed: |
April 1, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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840647 |
Jul 10, 1969 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
137/624.27 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16K
11/0704 (20130101); F15B 13/04 (20130101); Y10T
137/86485 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
F16K
11/065 (20060101); F16K 11/07 (20060101); F15B
13/04 (20060101); F15B 13/00 (20060101); F16k
011/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;137/624.27,625.69
;251/73,94 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Cohan; Alan
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 840,647
filed July 10, 1969 and now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A directional flow control valve comprising:
a. a valve housing having an elongated bore therein, two motor
ports, two exhaust ports, and an intake port, each of said ports
being communicatable with said elongated bore,
b. a poppet valve means within each of said motor ports and said
intake port for controlling flow from said ports to said elongated
bore,
c. a spool means reciprocable within said bore and having cam means
thereon,
d. plunger means disposed in between said poppet valve means and
said spool means for reciprocation by said cam means to selectively
open or close said poppet valve means upon reciprocation of said
spool means,
e. flow sensitive means disposed in at least one of said ports and
operative upon at least one of said plungers so as to impose force
upon said spool to hold same in a reciprocated position until flow
ceases.
2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which:
a. centering means are operatively connected to said spool so as to
urge same in a position such that none of the poppet valve means
are open.
3. An apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which said flow responsive
means comprises:
a. detent means actuated by flow within said intake porting so as
to act upon said spool to overcome its spring bias to said neutral
position.
4. An apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which said flow responsive
means comprises:
a. resilient biasing means operable against said plunger, and
b. a seat within said intake porting which is movable by fluid flow
so as to bias said biasing means therefor against said plunger to
hold the spool in said second position until flow ceases and said
spring seat returns to its original position.
5. In a directional flow control valve having a housing intake and
motor ports, one of which is controlled by a poppet type valve, and
a moveable member therein for selectively opening said intake and
motor ports, an improved detent mechanism associated with said
poppet controlled valve port comprising:
a. plunger means interconnecting said moveable member and said
poppet valve controlled port for actuating said valve therein,
b. flow sensing means within said housing operatively connected
with said interconnecting means for maintaining said moveable
member in an actuating position until flow ceases.
6. An apparatus as recited in claim 5 in which said flow sensing
means comprises:
a. a valve member in the path of fluid flow for shifting in
response to flow,
b. elastic means interposed between said valve member and said
plunger means for imposing a force upon said moveable member to
hold same in an open position until flow ceases.
7. In a directional flow control valve having a housing intake and
motor ports, one of which is controlled by a poppet type valve, and
a moveable member therein for selectively opening said intake and
motor ports, an improved detent mechanism associated with said
poppet controlled valve port comprising:
a. cam operated plunger means interconnecting said moveable member
and said poppet valve controlled port for actuating said valve
therein,
b. flow sensing means within said housing operatively connected
with said interconnecting means for maintaining said moveable
member in an actuating position until flow ceases.
8. An apparatus as recited in claim 7 in which said flow sensing
means comprises:
a. a valve member in the path of fluid flow for shifting in
response to flow,
b. elastic means interposed between said valve member and said
plunger means for imposing a force upon said moveable member to
hold same in an open position until flow ceases.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a directional flow control valve
primarily utilized for controlling the movement of a hydraulic
motor including a continuously rotating motor, a double acting
hydraulic ram or a rotary actuator. Incorporated within the valve
is a flow sensitive detent mechanism which will hold a valve in the
flow position regardless of pressure and will thus permit a
hydraulic ram to complete its stroke eliminating the need for the
operator of the valve to hold same engaged. Upon cessation of flow,
the valve will return to neutral. Further, this invention similarly
relates to a directional flow control valve for a hydraulic motor
which combines in one valve housing the features of check valves
which preclude leakage of fluid from the motor back through the
valve, and features for overriding these check valves whenever it
is desirable to put the hydraulic motor into a float operation.
With reference to the prior art which discloses flow responsive
detent mechanisms, reference may be had to U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,276,979
and 2,689,585, both of said valves having a flow responsive detent
mechanism. Broadly speaking, these references disclose a
directional flow control valve having a spool reciprocable therein
for controlling fluid flow to and from an associated hydraulic
motor. Once the spool of said valves is shifted, a piston having a
plunger attached thereto responds to the pressure differential on
both sides of said piston so as to engage the reciprocable spool
and hold same in the flow position, cessation of flow releasing the
plunger from its detent position.
These prior art devices do present some deficiencies with regard to
both the operating characteristics of said valve, and with regard
to manufacturing cost and assembly of the valve.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In order to overcome these manufacturing and operating
disadvantages of the prior art, I have by a unique structural
relationship disclosed herein a directional flow control valve,
having a spool reciprocable therein to direct a flow of fluid from
the intake port of the valve housing to one of two motor ports
while exhausting fluid from the other motor port through an exhaust
port. In one of these ports I propose a utilization of a novel flow
sensitive mechanism, which upon actuation will act as a spring bias
to hold the spool in the flow position selected. Further, cartridge
type pilot operated poppet valves are incorporated directly into
each of the motor ports as well as the intake port which will
function as check valves in their closed position to preclude
leakage of the flow into the valve housing, and controllable by the
reciprocable spool whereby these poppets may be selectively opened
so as to control fluid flow to and from the motor or opened
simultaneously so as to obtain a float condition of an hydraulic
ram or rotary actuator.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of my invention to provide a novel and
unique flow sensitive detent mechanism for holding a directional
flow control valve in one of its selected flow positions until a
hydraulic motor has reached the end of its stroke. Similarly, a
spool type valve is proposed in which the spool has opposing spring
biases, one of which is responsive to flow within said valve to
override the other bias until flow ceases. A major object of this
invention is to provide a detent mechanism for holding a
directional flow control valve in a flow position regardless of any
pressure buildup within an external hydraulic motor, and to provide
a detent mechanism which is responsive only to flow within said
valve. Another unique object which has been obtained is the
provision of a very simple and economical directional flow control
valve having a detent mechanism combined therewith which entirely
eliminates the more rigid tolerance requirements in manufacture of
known hydraulic directional flow control valves. Finally, it is an
object of my invention to provide a directional flow control valve
incorporating pilot operated poppet valves within the motor ports
which in the first instance serve as a check valve in precluding
flow from said motor back through the valve and yet having
provision for controlling the pilot operated poppet valves by the
spool whereby a float position can be maintained which allows fluid
to flow from either end of the hydraulic motor to the other or back
to the reservoir.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The manner in which these and other objects of the invention is
obtained will be made clear by consideration of the following
specification and claims when taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view taken in section through the
longitudinal center line of the valve; and
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
DETAIL DESCRIPTION
As disclosed in the preferred embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the
unique advantages of my invention are incorporated into a valve for
the well known closed center type hydraulic system. Essentially,
the invention includes a valve housing 10 having an elongated bore
11 extending therethrough with a spool 60 reciprocable within said
bore. This elongated bore 11 has enlarged chambers therein denoted
by the letters A, B, C, D, and E normally separated from one
another by the normal diameter of the spool as clearly depicted.
Reduced diameters of the spool 61, 66, and 69 are utilized to
interconnect certain of these chambers with one another so as to
permit fluid flow therebetween upon reciprocation of the spool
60.
The valve housing is also provided with an intake port 13, and two
motor ports 15 and 17 which may, for example, be connected to a
double acting hydraulic ram. Associated cartridge units 32, 31, and
33 within these ports may be employed to control flow to the
chambers B, A, and C. As later explained, these cartridge units are
actuated by reciprocation of the spool 60, but with respect to the
control action of the spool alone, it should be noted that fluid
energy from pump 9 is directed to intake port 13, through channel
14 to chamber B. Depending upon the direction of reciprocation of
the spool 60, this fluid may be selectively delivered to chamber A,
channel 16, and out motor port 15, or to chamber C, channel 18, and
out motor port 17. Thus, assuming that the spool 60 is shifted to
the right, fluid may flow from the intake porting 13 through the
channel 14, chamber B, chamber A, and channel 16 to the motor port
15 and simultaneously (subject to operation of pilot operated
poppet valves hereinafter explained) fluid may be returned from the
opposite end of the hydraulic ram through motor port 17, channel
18, chamber C, chamber E, and out an exhaust port 21. Upon
reciprocation of the spool to the left, the opposite direction of
fluid flow occurs with fluid from the hydraulic ram being exhausted
via channel 16, chamber A, chamber D, and exhaust port 20.
With the invention as disclosed, this directional flow control is
also dependent upon three cartridge type pilot operated poppet
valves 31, 32, and 33 which are inserted into chambers 35, 36, and
37 by threaded means so as to intersect and further control the
flow of fluid to and from the intake port 13 as well as each of the
motor channels 16 and 18. Since each of these cartridge units 31,
32, and 33 are substantially identical in structure and function,
reference may be had to FIG. 2 for a more complete description of
one of said units, in this case cartridge unit 32. A cylindrical
housing 38 having radial apertures 39 and an open lower end 51 is
threadably engaged in chamber 36 which is incorporated into the
valve housing 10.
When inserted, each of the cartridges normally preclude flow of
fluid into chambers A, B, and C from the respective ports 15, 13,
and 17 as hereinafter explained. The lower end of the housing 38 is
provided with a seat 40 for a poppet element 41. Within the poppet
is a pilot operated valve 45 having a stem 46 thereon and its lower
end being conical so as to reciprocate within aperture 42 in the
bottom of poppet 41 and seat itself against surface 43. A spring 47
biases this pilot member 45 against the seat 43, a reaction surface
being provided by closure 48 of the cartridge unit which itself is
held in place by a snap ring as indicated. The unit 38 as well as
the closure 48 is suitably provided with sealing elements where
indicated. A small aperture 44 allows pressurized fluid to
communicate with the interior of poppet 41 and may pass freely
through the fluted sections 50 of the pilot member 45 to act
against the rear surface area of the pilot member 45 and poppet
member 41. This pressurized fluid acting downwardly on the poppet
together with spring 47 normally maintains the poppet in a seated
position. In view of this construction, fluid energy acting against
either the intake port 13, or either of the motor ports 15 and 17
will normally be precluded from flowing into the valve by this
poppet member 41 which acts as a check valve unless opened.
In order to permit fluid to flow from a hydraulic ram through
either of the motor ports 15 or 17, or to permit flow from the pump
9 into the valve housing 10, the pilot member 45 must be
reciprocated upwardly. Suitable plungers 80, 81, and 82
reciprocating respectively within cylindrical openings 83, 84, and
85 serve as actuating elements to open each of the poppet valves
31, 32, or 33 upon movement of the spool 60 which is provided with
cam surfaces (later explained) for effecting such reciprocation.
Thus, as plunger unit 81 engages the stem 46 of the pilot member
45, this pilot member will be moved upwardly and fluid from the
intake port 13 will flow through the apertures 39, the aperture 44
of the poppet member 41, aperture 42, and into channel 14. This
flow of fluid will then reduce the force acting upon the upper face
area of poppet member 41 and the pilot member 45 whereby the fluid
pressure within intake port 13 acting upon surface area 49 of the
poppet will cause the said poppet to further open. Further, as the
plunger is withdrawn and the pilot element 45 is urged toward its
seat 43 by resilient member 47, fluid pressure will again act upon
the upper face of the pilot member 45 and the poppet 41 to cause
the force acting on said members to overcome the force resulting
from the intake pressure acting upon surface 49 and the valve will
again close.
The reciprocation of the plungers 80, 81, and 82 is effected by
reciprocating movement of the spool 60. Thus, inclined cam surfaces
62, 63, 70, 71, and 72 which extend from the reduced diameters of
the spool 61, 66, and 69 will engage the plungers to cam them
upwardly upon appropriate shifting of the spool 60. Once the
plungers have been shifted upwardly, a holding surface 64, 65, 67,
68, or 73 will operate to hold the plungers in their upward
position. The cam surfaces 63, 70, 71, and 72 should be so
positioned that upward movement of plunger 81 will simultaneously
cause upward reciprocation of the plunger within the port to which
fluid is to be admitted to bore 11 leaving the opposite poppet to
be opened by fluid flow. For example, if fluid is to be directed
out of port 15 and returned to the exhaust 21 via port 17, movement
to the right of spool 60 should open the poppets of cartridges 32
and 33 with fluid pressure opening poppet of cartridge 31.
As is well known in the art, I have additionally provided a
centering mechanism 100 which will normally maintain the spool 60
in the neutral position in which all of the poppet valves are
closed. This centering mechanism comprises a housing 101 threadably
attached to the valve housing 10 as clearly indicated, and a
compression spring 102 is employed in the housing 101 to act
against suitable washers 103 or 104 maintained in place by abutment
108 and bolt 105 as disclosed so as to increase the bias of the
spring at any time the spool 60 is reciprocated in either
direction. The bolt 105 acting against washer 104 extends into the
spool 60 to connect the spring bias forces to the spool. A seal
assembly 107 disposed about spool 60 precludes leakage from the
centering mechanism.
One of the primary objects of the instant invention is accomplished
by providing a spring biased flow responsive device within
preferably the intake porting consisting of intake 13 and channel
14. Thus, a spring 91 is interposed between a disc washer 93, and a
flow responsive cup shaped element 90. Consequently, if the spool
60 is reciprocated either to the right or to the left, the plunger
81 will be caused to move upwardly and seat itself either in detent
position 67 or 68. This upward reciprocation of plunger 81 then
opens the pilot member 45 of cartridge 38, and due to a pressure
unbalance, the poppet 41 will also be caused to open. Flow from the
variable displacement pump 9 will then pass through the cartridge
housing 38 and impinge against the upper surface of cup shaped
member 90 causing same to move downwardly to an extent whereby the
fluid may pass through several vents 94 in the side walls of the
cup 90. This downward movement of member 90 in turn increases the
bias of spring 91 which will act against washer 93, and an enlarged
diameter of plunger 81 which has been elevated by either cam
surface 70 or 71. Preferably, the bias of spring 91 together with
the detent holding surfaces which include the bottom of plunger 81
and the detent surfaces 67 and 68 are sufficient to overcome the
opposing bias of the centering mechanism 100 which would otherwise
return the spool to its neutral position.
Assuming that the spool is shifted to the right, the plunger 81 is
reciprocated upwardly to open the cartridge 32, and the bottom of
plunger 81 enters detent 67 and is held in that position by the
flow sensitive cup shaped member 90 increasing the bias of spring
91. Thus, fluid will flow through channel 14, chamber B, chamber A,
and out channel 16 and motor port 15 and as long as such fluid
continues to flow, cup shaped member 90 will be in its downward
position so as to enable the detent mechanism to overcome the
biasing force of the centering mechanism 100, but as soon as flow
ceases and the hydraulic ram has travelled to the end of its
stroke, the cup shaped member 90 will return to its original
position with the centering mechanism 100 returning the spool 60 to
its neutral position. However, since only a resilient bias is
imposed on spool 60, its position remains subject to manual control
which may override the flow imposed bias.
Utilization of the pilot operated poppet valves within my
disclosure also lends to a unique advantage in that a system is
produced whereby check valves may be incorporated into a
directional flow control valve and yet obtain a float condition for
an associated hydraulic motor. This disclosure relates more
specifically to my co-pending application Ser. No. 837,527 Filed
June 30, 1969 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,595,271 granted July 27, 1971. As
therein pointed out, the cartridges 31, 32, and 33 preclude the
flow of fluid from either of the motor ports or the intake port
into the elongated bore 11 of the valve housing 10. Thus, while
flow alone will cause the valves to open to supply fluid to either
end of a hydraulic ram, positive reciprocating movement of the
spool must be made in order to permit flow in the opposite
direction. Such is a preferred way of precluding leakage from a
hydraulic motor back through the valve in the neutral position.
However, in many hydraulic ram applications, it is often desirable
to obtain a float condition for the ram in which fluid will be free
to flow from one end of the ram to the opposite end of the ram or
back to the reservoir. Thus, in the instant application, if the
spool is reciprocated to the far right and held in the position,
indicated by the letter F, plunger 81 will enter a reduced diameter
74 of the spool in which cartridge 32 is closed and plungers 80 and
82 will be cammed upwardly by cam surfaces 62 and 72 and rest upon
holding surfaces 64 and 73. In this condition, the normal diameters
of the spool are entirely within the enlarged chambers and fluid
may flow between motor port 17 and motor port 15, both of the
poppets being opened by the raised position of the plungers 80 and
82. Similarly, fluid may also freely flow to a reservoir through
exhaust 21. In order to hold the spool in the reciprocated float
position, a tensioned garter spring 106 will engage reduced
diameter 75 to overcome the bias of centering mechanism 100 and
maintain a float condition, subject however to manual override.
MODE OF OPERATION
The above described structure when operated will result in several
unique operating capabilities for a hydraulic directional flow
control valve. As the spool is shifted to the right, plunger 81 is
elevated into detent position 67 causing the pilot operated poppet
41 to open and fluid from the variable displacement pump 9 acts
against the flow responsive element 90 to overcome the bias of the
centering mechanism 100. The spool will maintain this position as
long as fluid flows in a manner to maintain the increased spring
bias of resilient means 91 and will flow into chambers B, A, and
out motor port 15, the flow being sufficient to open the poppet.
However, plunger 82 is also reciprocated at this time to open the
check of poppet valve of cartridge 33 and fluid is exhausted from
one end of the hydraulic cylinder into the motor port 17, channel
18, chambers C, E, and back to a reservoir through exhaust port
21.
Reciprocation in the opposite direction will merely reverse flow to
and from the hydraulic ram. However, if the spool is reciprocated
to its rightmost position it should be observed that plunger
element 81 will seat itself in the reduced diameter 74 of the spool
60 which is insufficient to open cartridge 32 while both plungers
80 and 82 will be reciprocated upwardly by cam surfaces 62 and 72
and onto holding surfaces 64 and 73. At this time fluid may clearly
communicate between chambers C, B, and A about reduced spool
diameters 61, 66, and 69 and thus motor ports 15 and 17 thereby
placing the hydraulic valve into a float condition.
It should be readily appreciated that my instant invention
discloses several unique structural and operating characteristics.
It may easily be adopted to be incorporated into an open centered
type valve structure and the flow responsive means herein disclosed
might appropriately be placed within any of the ports, including
the exhaust ports as well as either of the motor ports. By
including the flow sensitive control means directly within one of
these ports, manufacturing procedures are facilitated as well as
the responsiveness of the valve. By comparing the strength of the
opposing biasing members, the valve will always be maintained in
its proper position according to desires of the operator. Most
importantly, it should be appreciated that if high operating
pressures are created by heavy loads, my particular invention will
overcome the disadvantages of the prior art in that the detent
mechanism will positively hold until the ram has reached the end of
its stroke. The entire system being substantially insensitive to
high pressures. Finally, a valve has been disclosed in which check
valves may be used and yet a float condition may be obtained. As
specifically indicated by the fact that the sub-components herein
disclosed may be incorporated into either an open or a closed
center system, it should be well appreciated that the present
embodiment is merely illustrative and not restrictive.
* * * * *