U.S. patent number 3,696,623 [Application Number 05/158,036] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-10 for woven mat.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Farbwerke Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft vormals Meister Lucius & Bruning. Invention is credited to Olaf Heine, Gerhard Knisse.
United States Patent |
3,696,623 |
Heine , et al. |
October 10, 1972 |
WOVEN MAT
Abstract
An assembly for preventing erosion of sand and pebbles from
shores, beach waterways and the like. The assembly includes an
outer mat made from a thermoplastic material. The mat has an open
net weave and includes several compartments which are adjacent one
another. A plurality of open net weave bags, also made of
thermoplastic material, and filled with entangled ribbons of
thermoplastic material are inserted into the compartments of the
mat. The assembled mat may be attached to the shore.
Inventors: |
Heine; Olaf (Kelkheim/Taunus,
DT), Knisse; Gerhard (Wohltorf, DT) |
Assignee: |
Farbwerke Hoechst
Aktiengesellschaft vormals Meister Lucius & Bruning
(Frankfurt am Main, DT)
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Family
ID: |
5705579 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/158,036 |
Filed: |
June 29, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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843518 |
Jul 22, 1969 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jul 30, 1968 [DT] |
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P 17 84 360.6 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
405/19 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02B
3/126 (20130101); E02B 3/127 (20130101); E02B
3/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02B
3/12 (20060101); E02B 3/04 (20060101); E02b
003/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/37,38,35
;139/419 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Machado; Reinaldo P.
Assistant Examiner: Kannan; Philip C.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending
application Ser. No. 843,518, entitled "Woven Mat," and filed on
July 22, 1969, now abandoned.
Claims
What we claim is:
1. An assembly for inhibiting shore erosion and the like comprising
a large outer mat, said mat being made of thermoplastic material
and having an open net weave; means for dividing said mat into
several compartments; a plurality of bags inside said mat
compartments, said bags being also made of thermoplastic material
and having an open net weave; and entangled strips of thermoplastic
material filling the inner bags.
2. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein said means for
dividing said mat are tight strips of fabric.
3. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein said means for
dividing said mat are seams.
4. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein said strips of
thermoplastic material are spliced.
5. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein said compartments are
open at one end to facilitate the insertion and removal of the
inner bags.
6. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein said strips are waste
products obtained in the working of plastic.
7. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said
nets are of leno-weave.
8. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said
nets is made of strips of low pressure polyethylene.
9. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said
nets and said fill strips are of different thermoplastic
materials.
10. An assembly according to claim 2, wherein said tight strips of
fabric are provided with eyelets through which pegs can be driven
to fasten the mat to the ground.
11. An assembly according to claim 2, wherein said mat includes a
border of a tightly woven strip of fabric and said border is
provided with means for fastening said mat to the ground.
Description
The present invention relates generally to woven mats, and
particularly to mats for use in preventing erosion of shores,
beaches, waterways and the like.
Heretofore, a number of proposals have been offered to prevent the
erosion of sand and other materials from beaches and waterways.
Most of such attempts have involved massive and difficult
installations requiring heavy machinery for both initial
construction and repair and replacement. Because of its sheer mass,
erosion-preventing installations of this kind, cannot be either
quickly or inexpensively set up to provide effective and permanent
protection.
It has been observed that lightweight seaweed washed ashore has a
tendency to retain sand and pebbles which have been drifted by the
winds or washed ashore, and thus are the starting point of the
natural formation of small sand hills. The band or ribbon-like
structure of seaweed is particularly favorable to the formation of
such hills, and other band-shaped spacial units will also
accumulate sand and pebbles and thus retard erosion.
Satisfactory coastal preservation cannot be achieved by loosely
spreading band-shaped spatial units, for example, strips of plastic
films or sheets, on the shore. Such unsecured spatial units soon
blow away in the wind and wash away in the water, and do not remain
in the places where they are needed to build up the sand dunes and
prevent erosion.
We have now found that excellent erosion protection is offered by
splicing together and/or entangling ribbons of thermoplastic
material, stuffing this material into a net sack or bag (also
preferably made of thermoplastic material); inserting this net sack
stuffed with the spliced entangled ribbons of thermoplastic
material into prepared compartments of a large mat (also made of
thermoplastic material). The compartments which hold the stuffed
net sacks, have an open net weave. In one embodiment, the net
compartments of the mat are separated one from another by strips of
material. These strips of material may be fastened into the beach,
such as with pegs or other suitable means. With this arrangement,
the mat is held in place on the beach or other area to be
protected. In place of the strips seams may be formed by sewing the
two layers of mat netting together, so as to define the
compartments.
In summary, the ribbons or bands of thermoplastic material are
entangled one with another to form balls or cushions, and these
balls retard the erosion. The ribbons or bands are held in place by
the inner bag, which in turn is held in place by the outer
compartment. The compartments are held in place by the mat which is
fastened to the beach. The net bags and net compartments also
assist in retarding erosion. Thus, the materials which retard
erosion are uniformly spread out over the beach, and are not easily
moved by the water or blown about on the beach, as is the case with
strips, which are free to rise and fall with the tides. The double
net, and long ribbons of material interact to further retard
erosion and loss of the erosion-preventing material. Should one of
the nets become broken, there is a double net. Should one, or both,
become broken, the long ribbons become entangled with a broken net
and thus the ribbons are less easily washed out.
It is desirable that when enmeshed together the ribbons of
thermoplastic material, which fill the inner bags, be long, and
fairly compact. If the bags should become ruptured, shorter ribbons
tend to wash out, but their length and compactness of intermeshing
will tend to retain the ends of the ribbon in the inner and outer
netting, and the floating or partially freed ribbons will achieve
the purpose of preventing the erosion.
As the woven mat, constructed in accordance with this invention,
remains on the beach or other area to be protected, sand drifted by
the wind, and washed ashore by the water, is kept in the entangled
ribbons of films or sheets in a manner such that the sand
accumulates in the mat. Within a short time, the mat is completely
filled with sand, and offers effective protection, and typically is
not even removed by heavy storms or beating waves. As one layer of
mats becomes covered, or even in the original installation, it is
possible to put one or more mats on top of the first ones, so that
they all become filled with sand in the same way. Thus, the erosion
of beaches can be effectively reduced and the coastline
preserved.
It is important to note that the mat compartments and the bags of
the present invention are not filled with a heavy material, such as
rocks or wood. This greatly facilitates installation. The inner
bags are quite light, and in a typical installation are prepared
separately from the outer mats and the large outer mats can be
rolled up for transportation. At the site, the inner bags are
merely inserted into the compartments in the mat. If it is
necessary to repair or replace one mat on the beach, its fastening
to the ground is removed, the inner bags may be pulled out, and the
outer mat is then rolled up and carried off. In practice, it is
envisioned that the size of the mats will be of a manageable size,
e.g. 10 meters by 10 meters, so that they can be easily handled by
one or two men, without the aid of machinery. As noted, the mat and
bags, and fill in the bags are of a thermoplastic material, and
therefore, quite light.
Further, it will be appreciated that because of the light weight of
the bags and mats, and because of their flexibility, they can be
easily transported to remote locations which heavy equipment may
find inaccessible, and where they can be laid down to prevent
erosion.
According to one aspect of the invention, for securing coastlines
there is provided an assembly having a large outer mat made of a
thermoplastic material with an open net weave. Seams, or tight
strips of fabric, divide this outer mat into several compartments.
A number of bags, also made of thermoplastic material and having an
open net weave, are filled with spliced or entangled strips or
ribbons of thermoplastic material. These bags are then inserted
into the several compartments of the large outer bag.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of this
invention will be apparent in the following detailed description of
illustrative embodiments thereof which are to be read in connection
with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a plane view of one embodiment of a mat constructed in
accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the mat of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a plane view of an alternative embodiment of a mat of
this invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the mats of FIGS. 1 and 2,
fastened to the ground.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown a mat having a
border strip of fabric 1, and several intermediate strips of fabric
3 parallel to the border strip, and strip, and double layer woven
nets 2 attached between adjacent strips. All of these strips 1 and
3 are of a tight fabric, and the woven net 2 is of an open net. The
two layers of net between adjacent strips define several
compartments. This is shown most clearly in FIG. 2. Into these
compartments there is inserted large bags 2a of similar dimensions
to the compartments. These bags 2a are also of a woven net, or have
an open net weave. Typically, the net of the inner bags 2a may be
tighter than the open net of the compartment 2. The bags 2a are
filled with thin polyethylene ribbons, or films, or sheets which
are loosely fitted and entangled with one another to form balls,
and may be spliced together to form long ribbons or long spatial
shapes. These enmeshed balls of ribbons are indicated generally as
2b in FIG. 2. The mats 1, 2, 3 and the bags 2a and the fill
material 2b are all made of thermoplastic material. The fill
material is typically polyethylene, and may come from waste
products obtained in the working of plastics. If these waste
products are short in length, it is desirable that they be spliced
together so as to form long spatial shapes, because long fill is
not so easily washed out of the bags and compartments in the event
the nets should become broken. The material for making the nets of
both the mat 2 and the bags 2a, is preferably low pressure
polyolefins, low pressure ployethylene, copolymers of ethylene and
propylene, or polypropylene. It is also possible to use several
different thermoplastic materials; for example, the strips of
fabric 1 and 3 may be of one material, the netting 2 and 2a of
another, and the fill films or sheets 2b of still another. The
assembly is exposed to intense atmospheric influences, and the
polyolefins are advantageously combined with light stabilizers, for
example, soot. It is not absolutely necessary to manufacture the
mat from drawn strips of films or sheets; it may also be made of
monofilaments of thermoplastic material. The woven net used for the
compartments 2 and the bags 2a is advantageously of a leno-weave.
It is, however, also possible to use netting of other weave.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown an alternative embodiment
to the present invention. The mat here has an outer fabric strip 10
with a double netting 12 between the outer fabric strip 10. The
netting 12 is divided into cushions of netting 5, which are sewn in
a quilt-like manner disposed on the mat 12. The cushions of netting
5 are filled with ribbons, films, or elongated sheets of
thermoplastic material of the size and shape previously
described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the strips of fabric 1, 3 and 10 are
provided with eyelets 4 and 14 to facilitate securing the mats to
the shore or other surface which is to be protected. This can be
best seen in FIG. 4 which is a cross sectional view of the mat of
FIGS. 1 and 2 attached to a shore. As shown in this Figure, the
outer strips 1 of the mat have tent-pegs 6 driven through the
eyelet portion in the end strips 1 of the mat. The tent-peg or
other type of fastener, such as other peg or pile, is driven into
the ground through the eyelet. It is also possible to provide the
borders of the strips of the fabric with pockets, which are then
filled with sand or stone and then laid on the ground to be
protected. It may, furthermore, be advantageous to load the surface
of the mat with sand or pebbles to prevent the mat from slipping or
from being lifted by high winds or waves.
Thus, there has been shown and described a novel assembly for
preventing erosion, and for building up shorelines. Because of its
design, and the choice of materials, it is easily, rapidly and
manually installed. The double net construction of the invention
facilitates manufacture and storage with the ribbons or films which
retard the erosion, and can be stored in the inner bags while
waiting to be inserted into the compartment of the mats. The
thermoplastic material is not only lightweight (and thus easy to
transport and to install) but also is resistant to the elements and
is inexpensive.
Although illustrative embodiments of this invention have been
described in detail herein with reference to the accompanying
drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited
to those precise embodiments, and that various changes and
modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art
without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
* * * * *