U.S. patent number 3,695,775 [Application Number 05/079,453] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-03 for cross flow blower.
Invention is credited to Dr.-Ing. Kurt Zenkner.
United States Patent |
3,695,775 |
Zenkner |
October 3, 1972 |
CROSS FLOW BLOWER
Abstract
A cross flow blower has a plate guide which extends along a
spiral curve the distances from which to the periphery of the rotor
increase gradually from the beginning of the spiral at the point of
the smallest distance between the guide sheet and the periphery of
the rotor up to a maximum, this distance to the periphery of the
rotor corresponding at the beginning of the spiral approximately to
10 - 30 percent of the radius of the rotor, then increasing after a
central angle of about 60.degree. by a further 5 to 30 percent of
the radius of the rotor, then again increasing after a central
angle of about 30.degree. by about 10 - 30 percent of the radius of
the rotor, and increasing thereafter after a further central angle
of about 30.degree. by about 20 to 35 percent, whereafter it
increases up to reaching the end of the spiral by about 20 to 50
percent of the radius of the rotor, the end of the spiral being
reached after a central angle of about 140 to 190.degree. as seen
from the beginning or starting point of the guide sheet, the part
of this guide plate extending beyond the said - of the spiral
either in direction of the tangent to the end of the spiral or
along a curve the point of inflection of which lies in the area of
the end of the spiral, the distance between the point of the vortex
forming tongue lying next to the periphery of the rotor and the
periphery of the rotor corresponding to about 5 to 15 percent of
the outer diameter of the rotor, and the central angle on the
suction side between the beginning or starting point of the spiral
and the point of the vortex forming tongue closest to the periphery
of the rotor being between 130.degree. - 180.degree. . The leg of
the vortex forming tongue on the suction side has a finely porous
wall permeable to air so that through it finely distributed and
energy containing air arrives on the suction side of the blower
which air comes from the pressure side of the blower through
openings in the pressure side leg, which also consists of a finely
porous wall permeable to air, thereby preventing the generation of
a boundary layer within the incoming flow. Between the wall on the
suction side and the wall on the pressure side there is arranged a
filtering substance pervious for air and producing pressure
losses.
Inventors: |
Zenkner; Dr.-Ing. Kurt
(Ettlingen, DT) |
Family
ID: |
5747831 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/079,453 |
Filed: |
October 9, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Oct 10, 1969 [DT] |
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P 19 51 115.0 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
415/53.1;
415/119; 415/212.1; 415/914 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04D
17/04 (20130101); Y10S 415/914 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04D
17/04 (20060101); F04D 17/00 (20060101); F04d
017/08 (); F04d 029/40 (); F04d 029/66 () |
Field of
Search: |
;415/54,53,219B,DIG.1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Raduazo; Henry F.
Claims
Having thus fully disclosed my invention, what I claim is:
1. A cross flow blower having a bladed rotor and a wedge-shaped
vortex forming tongue to separate the incoming flow from the
issuing flow and having, further, a guide wall to guide the flow,
the said guide wall deviating immediately after the inlet from the
blading of the rotor whereby the distance from said guide wall to
the periphery of the rotor increases gradually from the inlet up to
a spiral form, the said vortex forming tongue having the shape of a
wedge-like body the apex of which is directed towards the periphery
of the rotor, the leg on the suction side and the leg on the
pressure side of the said wedge-like body enclosing between them an
angle of 10.degree. to 60.degree. and the leg on the suction side
of the said tongue enclosing with the periphery of the rotor a gap
narrowing towards the vortex and in a direction opposite to the
direction of the rotation, wherein the said guide wall extends
along a spiral curve the distances of which from the periphery of
the rotor increase gradually from the beginning of the spiral at
the point of the smallest distance between the guide wall and the
periphery of the rotor up to a maximum, this distance to the
periphery of the rotor corresponding at the beginning of the spiral
approximately to 10 - 30 percent of the radius of the rotor, then
increasing after a central angle of about 60.degree. by a further 5
to 30 percent of the radius of the rotor, then again increasing
after a central angle of about 30.degree. by about 10 - 30 percent
of the radius of the rotor, and increasing thereafter after a
further central angle of about 30.degree. by about 20 to 35 percent
of the radius of the rotor, whereafter it increases up to reaching
the end of the spiral by about 20 to 50 percent of the radius of
the rotor, the end of the spiral being reached after a central
angle of about 140.degree. to 190.degree. as seen from the
beginning of the guide wall the portion of the guide wall extending
beyond the said end of the spiral deviating outwardly therefrom,
the distance between the point of the vortex forming tongue lying
next to the periphery of the rotor and the periphery of the rotor
corresponding to about 5 - 15 percent of the outer diameter of the
rotor, the central angle on the suction side between the beginning
of the spiral and the point of the vortex forming tongue closest to
the periphery of the rotor being 130.degree. - 180.degree. .
2. The cross flow blower set forth in claim 1, wherein the tangent
to the periphery of the rotor at the point thereof nearest to the
vortex forming tongue encloses with the leg of the vortex forming
tongue on the suction side thereof an angle of about 15.degree. -
45.degree. .
3. The class flow blower set forth in claim 2, wherein the suction
side leg of the vortex forming tongue and the pressure side leg
thereof are connected by a round surface running approximately
along an arc of a circle with a radius with corresponds to 5 - 25
percent of the radius of the rotor.
4. The cross flow blower set forth in claim 1, wherein the
effective length of the suction side leg of the vortex forming
tongue corresponds to at least 15 percent of the radius of the
rotor.
5. The cross flow blower set forth in claim 1, wherein the pressure
side leg of the vortex forming tongue defines together with the
guide wall an outlet channel which narrows beginning with the area
of the flow leaving the rotor and thereby accelerates the flow
leaving the blower.
6. The cross flow blower set forth in claim 5, wherein the
narrowing portion of the outlet channel has a length corresponding
to 0.75 - 1.25 of the radius of the rotor.
7. The cross flow blower set forth in claim 5, wherein the
convergent portion of the outlet channel narrows in such a manner
that the final speed of the flow leaving the said channel portion
is greater than the initial speed entering it by at least about 20
percent.
8. The cross flow blower set forth in claim 1, wherein the ratio
between the smallest distance from the pressure side leg of the
vortex forming tongue to the guide wall in the outlet area on the
one hand and the radius of the rotor on the other hand corresponds
to a value between 0.75:1 and 1.50:1.
9. The cross flow blower set forth in claim 1, wherein the ratio
between the greatest distance from the pressure side leg of the
vortex forming tongue and the guide wall in the outer area on the
one hand and the radius of the rotor on the other hand corresponds
to a value of between 1:1 and 2:1.
10. The cross flow blower set forth in claim 1, wherein at least
the pressure side leg of the vortex forming tongue is curved having
its concavity directed away from the inlet and runs along an arc
with a radius corresponding to two to three times the radius of the
rotor.
11. The cross flow blower set forth in claim 1, wherein the suction
side leg of the vortex forming tongue comprises a finely-pored wall
pervious to air through which wall finely distributed and energy
containing air passes to the suction side of the blower, the said
air entering from the pressure side of the blower through openings
in the pressure side legs, said air flowing into the suction area
preventing thereby the formation of a boundary layer by the
oncoming flow.
12. The cross flow blower set forth in claim 11, wherein between
the suction side wall and the pressure side wall of the vortex
forming tongue there is provided a filtering substance, said
filtering substance being pervious to air and producing pressure
losses.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The invention refers to a cross flow blower and more particularly
to a cross flow blower having a wedge-shaped vortex forming tongue
to separate the incoming flow from the issuing flow and having,
further, a guide plate to guide the flow, the distance from said
guide plate to the periphery of the rotor increasing gradually from
the inlet up to a spiral form, the said vortex forming tongue
having the shape of a wedge-like body, the apex or tip of said
tongue being directed towards the periphery of the rotor, the leg
on the suction side and the leg on the pressure side of the said
wedge-like body enclosing between them an angle of 10.degree. to
60.degree. and the leg on the suction side of the said body or
tongue enclosing with the periphery of the rotor a gap narrowing
towards the vortex and in direction opposite to the direction of
the rotation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the aim of the present invention to so improve a blower of
the kind here in question that it presents optimal results as
regards the pressure value, the efficiency and the noise.
A further aim of the invention is to provide a blower of the kind
here in question with which departing from the idea that the
transport and throughput of energy is proportional to the flow
speed and to the variations of the component in the peripheral
direction, the shape and the path of the high speed stream-lines
are attended to with especially high carefulness and these high
speed streamlines participate as much as possible in the transport
of energy.
For the above purpose with the cross flow blower according to the
invention the guide sheet extends along a spiral curve the
distances from which to the periphery of the rotor increase
gradually from the begin of the spiral at the point of the smallest
distance between the guide sheet and the periphery of the rotor up
to a maximum, this distance to the periphery of the rotor
corresponding at the beginning of the spiral approximatively to 10
- 30 percent of the radius of the rotor, then increasing after a
central angle of about 60.degree. by further 5 to 30 percent of the
radius of the rotor, then again increasing after a central angle of
about 30.degree. by about 10 to 30 percent of the radius of the
rotor, and increase thereafter after a further central angle of
about 30.degree. by about 20 to 35 percent, whereafter it increases
up to reaching the end of the spiral by about 20 to 50 percent of
the radius of the rotor, the end of the spiral being reached after
a central angle of about 140.degree. to 190.degree. as seen from
the beginning or starting point of the guide plate the part of this
guide plate extending after the said end of the spiral either in
direction of the tangent to the end of the spiral or along a curve
the point of inflection of which lies in the area of the end of the
spiral, the distance between the point of the vortex forming tongue
lying next to the periphery of the rotor and the periphery of the
rotor corresponding to about 5 to 15 percent of the outer diameter
of the rotor, the central angle on the suction side between the
beginning or starting point of the spiral and the point of the
vortex forming tongue closest to the periphery of the rotor being
between 130.degree. - 180.degree. .
With the new blower, the shape of the guide sheet is optimally
adapted to the distribution of the high speed streamlines. The
wedge-like shape of the vortex forming tongue having the above
mentioned angle between the leg on the suction side and the leg on
the pressure side serves to separate or keep apart the incoming
flow from the issuing flow as much as possible. In order to cause
the peripheral component ( .DELTA.c.sub. u in the equation c.
.DELTA.c.sub. u) to have a considerable magnitude, there is
imparted to the streamlines according to the invention a
preliminary twist or turn as great as possible by making on the one
hand the vortex forming tongue wedge-shaped with a preditermined
angle between the leg on the suction side and the leg on the
pressure side and associating on the other hand the leg on the
suction side in a predetermined manner with the periphery of the
rotor, i.e. the rotor blading. Selection according to the invention
of the distance between the periphery of the rotor and the point of
the vortex forming tongue next to the periphery of the rotor
promotes the generation of a flow with optimal values, while the
rounding of the wall portion between the two legs of the vortex
forming tongue makes it possible to obtain an automatically
developing flow which is able to adjust itself better in dependence
on the throttling effect, for example, also because the adjustment
of the stagnation point is more unfavorable with a sharply tapering
vortex forming tongue.
It is especially advantageous to make the leg of the vortex forming
tongue on the suction side with a finely porous or cascade-like
shaped wall pervious or permeable for air so that through it finely
distributed and energy containing air arrives on the suction side
of the blower which air comes from the pressure side of the blower
through openings in the pressure side leg, which leg may consist
for example also of a finely porous wall pervious or permeable for
air, thereby preventing the generation of a boundary layer within
the incoming flow. Thereby, the arrangement can be such that
between the wall on the suction side and the wall on the pressure
side there may be arranged a filtering substance pervious for air
and producing pressure losses, for example, foamed articial
material, glasswool, rock wool filtering material impregnated with
artificial resins etc.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present
invention will become further apparent from the following detailed
description thereof, whereby in the drawings several embodiments of
the invention are shown.
FIG. 1 and
FIG. 2 are two different embodiments of the object of the invention
in diagrammatic representation,
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the path of the flow within a flower
according to the invention and
FIG. 4 is a further variation of the invention in schematical
representation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1 has a rotor 1, a
vortex forming tongue 2 and a guide wall 3 as its most important
parts. The rotor 1 is constructed like a drum and carries on its
periphery in a manner known per se equally spaced and uniformly
distributed blades held with their axial ends between two end
discs. The rotor rotates according to arrow 4 around the rotation
axis 5. The vortex forming tongue 2 separates and keeps apart the
incoming flow from the issuing flow and has a leg 6 on the suction
side and a leg 7 on the pressure side. The guide wall deviates
immediately after the inlet 8 from the rotor blading so that the
distances between the guide wall and the rotor periphery increase
gradually as the guide wall takes the form of a spiral.
In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 the guide wall runs
along a spiral curve the distances of which from the periphery of
the rotor 1 increase gradually from the beginning 9 of the spiral,
i.e. the point where the guide wall and the periphery of the rotor
are closest to one another up to a maximum. At the beginning of the
spiral the distance a.sub. 1 between the guide wall and the
periphery of the rotor corresponds approximately to 10 - 30 percent
of the radius r of the rotor. After going through a central angle
of about 60.degree. the distance a.sub. 2 is greater, it increases
by about 5 - 30 percent of the radius r . After another central
angle of 30.degree. , the distance a.sub. 3 has increased again by
about 10 - 30 percent of the radius r . After covering a further
central angle of 30.degree. the distance between guide wall and
periphery of rotor increases up to a value a.sub. 4 which is
greater than a.sub. 3 by about 20 - 35 percent of the radius of the
rotor. Up to the end of the spiral which is reached after a central
angle of about 140.degree. - 190.degree. from the beginning of the
guide wall, the distance increases again up to a value a.sub. 5
which is greater by about 20 - 50 percent of the radius of the
rotor than the value a.sub. 4 . From this end of the spiral, the
guide wall 3 deviates outwardly from the spiral, that is, it runs
either in the direction of the tangent 10 to the end of the spiral
(FIG. 1) or along a curve 11 (FIG. 2), the point of infection of
which lies in the area of the end of the spiral. There results,
therefore, a spiral form composed of circular arcs with different
radii which are described with centers situated on a circular or
elliptical curve which is described about the longitudinal middle
axis of the rotor. In some embodiments of the invention the
different radii associated to the different circular arcs increase
gradually as seen from the beginning of the guide wall and than
diminish gradually before the maximal distance between the
periphery of the rotor and the guide wall has been reached.
Finally, they diminish down to the value corresponding to that
within the area of the beginning of the guide wall. In some
embodiments of the blower according to the invention the curve is
composed of circular arcs described with radii which are by about
40 - 100 percent greater than the radius of the associated
rotor.
The vortex forming tongue is constructed as a wedge-shaped body the
leg 6 of which on the suction side encloses with the leg 7 on the
pressure side an angle of about 10 - 60.degree., the tip or apex of
the said tongue being directed towards the periphery of the rotor.
Between the leg on the suction side and the periphery of the rotor
there is provided a gap 13 which narrows towards the vortex forming
tongue and against the direction of rotation according to arrow 4.
The distance b between the point 14 of the vortex forming tongue
nearest to the periphery of the rotor and the periphery of the
rotor corresponds to approximatively 5 - 15 percent of the outer
diameter of the rotor. The tangent 15 to the periphery of the rotor
on the point thereof nearest to the vortex forming tongue encloses
with the leg 6 on the suction side an angle of about 15.degree. -
45.degree.. The leg 6 on the suction side of the vortex forming
tongue is connected with the leg 7 on the pressure side by a
rounded surface which extends along an arc of circle described with
a radius corresponding to 5 - 25 percent of the radius of the
associated rotor. Thereby, the arrangement is such that the central
angle on the suction side between the beginning 9 of the spiral and
the point where the periphery of the rotor and the vortex forming
tongue (point 18) are nearest to one another corresponds to
approximatively 130 - 180.degree. . The effective length of the leg
6 of the vortex forming tongue on the suction side corresponds
thereby to at least 15 percent of the radius r of the associated
rotor.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the leg 7' of the vortex
forming tongue 2' on the pressure side encloses with the guide
sheet 3 an outlet channel 19 which narrows beginning with the area
of the issuing flow leaving the blower and thereby accelerates the
issuing flow. This narrowing portion of the outlet channel 19 has a
length l which corresponds to approximatively 0.75 - 1.25 of the
radius r of the rotor, whereby the arrangement is such that the
final speed of the flow issuing from the convergent portion of the
outlet channel is greater than that of the flow entering it by
about at least 20 percent.
According to the invention the ratio between the smallest distance
from the pressure side leg 7 or 7' of the vortex forming tongue 2
or 2' to the guide wall 3 within the outlet area and the radius "r"
of the associated rotor 1 corresponds to approximatively a value
between 0.75:1 and 1.50:1 : , whereas the greatest distance between
the pressure side leg 7 or 7' of the vortex forming tongue 2 or 2'
and the guide wall 3 within the out-let area on the one hand and
the radius r of the associated rotor 1 on the other hand are in a
ratio of between 2:1 and 1:1. Thereby, with some further
embodiments of the invention at least the leg of the vortex forming
tongue on the pressure side is designed as a curve with its
concavity facing away from the inlet whereby it runs along a curve
which is described with a radius which corresponds to two or three
times the radius of the associated rotor.
It can be seen from FIG. 3 of the drawing that the rotor 1", the
vortex forming tongue 2" and the guide wall 3" are associated or
arranged with respect to one another according to the invention in
such a manner that there results a speed distribution of the
incoming flow 25 as shown in the drawings, whereby the high speed
streamlines are situated in the area facing towards the vortex
forming tongue, whereas with the outlet speed 26 there is obtained
a speed distribution with which again the high speed streamlines
are directed towards the vortex forming tongue. It can be seen that
the construction of the guide wall and of the vortex forming tongue
according to the invention promotes such a speed distribution of
the flow in optimal manner. Within the rotor the flow is deflected
as indicated by the streamline 27. There results thereby a flow
which rotates around a vortex core 28, whereby this flow within the
interior of the rotor which has the character of a potential vortex
is symmetrical about a diameter indicated at 29 on the one end of
which there is situated the vortex center 28. This flow is
stabilized when in an unthrottled stage by the vortex forming
tongue whereby the streamlines nearer to the vortex center have the
greater flow speeds when the individual streamlines contain all
about the same amount of energy.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings the leg 30a of
the vortex core 30 on the suction side consists of a cascade-like
or fine-poredwall pervious or permeable by air. The pressure side
leg 30b of the vortex forming tongue may consist, for example, also
of a fine-pored wall permeable by air. Thereby, a partial flow of
finely divided and distributed energy containing air flows from the
pressure side to the suction side of the blower. When entering into
the suction side of the blower the generation of a boundary layer
of the oncoming flow is prevented. Between the wall on the suction
side and the wall on the pressure side there can be provided a
resistance in the form of a filtering substance 31, for example, of
glasswool or rock wool, of foamed artificial material, of filtering
material impregnated with artificial resins etc. This filtering
substance produces pressure losses and has also a sound silencing
effect.
Although my invention has been illustrated and described with
reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, I wish to have it
understood that it is in no way limited to the details of such
embodiments, but is capable of numerous modifications within the
scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *