U.S. patent number 3,694,821 [Application Number 05/085,971] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-03 for artificial skeletal joint.
Invention is credited to Walter D. Moritz.
United States Patent |
3,694,821 |
Moritz |
October 3, 1972 |
ARTIFICIAL SKELETAL JOINT
Abstract
A pair of skeletal members, such as a tibia and a femur, are
connected together by a ball and socket type assembly comprising
said artificial joint. The ball of the assembly is secured to one
of said skeletal members which shifts relative the other skeletal
member in an anterior-posterior direction as the ball rotates. A
follower supported from the ball against the exterior of the socket
cams the ball from a first chamber to a connected second chamber in
the socket, the follower being secured to the other skeletal member
to produce the relative shifting of said members.
Inventors: |
Moritz; Walter D. (Skokie,
IL) |
Family
ID: |
22195153 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/085,971 |
Filed: |
November 2, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
623/20.22;
403/115 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
2/3854 (20130101); Y10T 403/32573 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
2/38 (20060101); A61f 001/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;3/1,22,27
;128/92R,92C,92CA ;287/12,21,87 ;46/159,161,173 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
"Total Replacement of The Knee Joint By a Prosthesis" by W. R.
MacAusland, Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Vol. 104, No. 5,
May 1957, pages 579-583..
|
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Frinks; Ronald L.
Claims
I claim:
1. An artificial skeletal joint comprising: a first member adapted
for securance to a first skeletal component and having a chamber
with a pair of operably associated sections;
a second member having a first part disposed in said chamber for
movement about a pair of orthogonal axes and a second part adapted
for securance to a second skeletal component, and
means arranged externally of said chamber for shifting said first
part between said sections as said first part moves about one of
said axes.
2. A combination according to claim 1 wherein said first part is a
head and said shifting means includes a camming element rigidly
secured to and movable about a pair of orthogonal axes with said
head.
3. A combination according to claim 1 wherein said shifting means
comprises a cam on said first member and a follower connected to
said second member and engaged with said cam externally of said
chamber and continuously during shifting.
4. A combination according to claim 3 wherein said first member is
a socket and said cam comprises an external surface of said
socket.
5. An artificial skeletal joint comprising:
a first member adapted for securance to a first skeletal component
and having a chamber with a pair of operably associated
sections;
a second member having a part adapted for securance to a second
skeletal member and a ball arranged for angular movement in said
chamber about a pair of axes in a three planar coordinate
system;
means for shifting said ball between said sections; and
means for restraining movement of said ball about the third of said
axes.
6. An artificial skeletal joint comprising:
a first member adapted for securance to a first skeletal component
and having a chamber with a pair of operably associated sections,
said first member having a slot providing a passage from said
chamber to the exterior;
a second member having a part adapted for securance to a second
skeletal component and a ball arranged for angular movement in said
chamber about first and second orthogonal axes, said part having a
portion disposed outside said first member and a neck arranged for
movement longitudinally of said slot, said neck connected to said
ball for angular movement about one of said axes as it moves
longitudinally of said slot about the other of said axes; and a
camming element rigidly secured to said outside portion for
shifting said ball between said sections in response to angular
movement of said neck longitudinally of said slot.
7. An artificial skeletal joint comprising:
a socket;
a spherical ball having orthogonal axes and arranged for movement
in said socket;
means for anchoring said ball and said socket on a pair of skeletal
components for articulation thereof;
said socket having a chamber therein and a slot providing passage
from said chamber to the exterior for connecting said ball to said
ball anchoring means;
said chamber having a pair of adjacent sections providing a pair of
seats proportioned for enabling angular movement of said ball about
said axes in each of said sections; and
means for lineally shifting said ball between said sections at any
angular aspect of said ball about one of said axes as said ball is
moved angularly about the other of said axes.
8. An artificial skeletal joint comprising:
a socket, said socket having a chamber therein and a slot providing
passage from said chamber to the exterior;
a ball arranged for movement in said socket, said chamber having a
pair of adjacent sections providing a pair of seats proportioned
for enabling angular movement of said ball in said chamber;
means for anchoring said ball and said socket on a pair of skeletal
components for articulation thereof, said anchoring means including
a first connector associated with said socket and adapted for
connection to one of said skeletal components and a second
connector associated with said ball and adapted for connection to
the other of said skeletal components; and
cam means for shifting said ball from one of said sections to the
other as said ball is moved angularly, said cam means including a
part rigidly carried with said second connector for engaging said
socket as said connectors are moved angularly, each relative to the
other thereof, to shift said ball.
9. A combination according to claim 8 characterized by a neck
through said slot for connecting said second connector to said
ball, and wherein said socket has an external cam fashioned
surface, said part being a follower disposed in engagement with
said surface.
10. A combination according to claim 9 wherein said chamber
sections are operably aligned and said slot is elongated in the
direction of alignment and proportioned for enabling said neck to
shift longitudinally therein as said ball moves angularly.
11. A combination according to claim 9 wherein said socket has a
bone distal side and a pair of opposed sides integral with and
extending boneward from said bone distal side, said slot extending
through said bone distal side and through one of said opposed
sides.
12. An artificial knee according to claim 11 wherein said opposed
sides have an anterior-posterior relationship, said socket being
further characterized by a pair of spaced apart lateral sides
having bone distal ends limiting said slot to prevent rotation of
the ball about a first of its axes in a three dimensional
system.
13. An artificial knee according to claim 12 wherein said socket is
proportioned for enabling said ball to rock about a second of said
axes in each chamber section.
14. An artificial knee according to claim 13 wherein said slot has
opposed ends spaced apart, each from the other thereof, a distance
such that said ball can rock about the third of said axes about
130.degree. as it shifts between said sections.
15. An artificial skeletal joint comprising:
a rockable member with orthogonal axes;
a socket having chamber sections, said rockable member proportioned
for angular movement about both of said axes in each of said
chamber sections; and
means for lineally shifting said rockable member between said
chamber sections in response to its angular movement about one of
said axes.
16. An artificial knee according to claim 15 wherein said socket
has means comprised of at least one prosthetic ligament.
17. A combination according to claim 15 wherein said shifting means
is operative upon angular movement of said rockable member about
one of said axes at each angular aspect about the other of said
axes.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to articulated skeletal joints. More
particularly the invention relates to a skeletal joint prosthesis.
Specifically, the invention relates to a prosthetic knee and the
like.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Ideally an artificial skeletal joint of the type comprehended by
this invention would restore a full range of natural movement
between the skeletal parts connected thereby. And while heretofore
known joints have been used markedly to improve function of natural
body parts which have become disabled in consequence of damage
resulting from either natural or unnatural causes, wanting has been
an ideal articulation.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved
artificial skeletal joint.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an
improved artificial knee.
It is a further object of the invention to provide improved
rehabilitation for damaged skeletal parts.
It is an additional object of the invention to simulate a full
range of natural movements between skeletal parts which are
articulated with an artificial joint.
It is an additional object of the invention to simulate a full
range of natural knee movements between a tibia and femur with an
artificial knee.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To achieve the foregoing, and other objects of the invention which
will become apparent from ensuing description, in accordance with
the present invention, an artificial skeletal joint comprises a
first member having a chamber with a pair of sections. The first
member is adapted for securance to a first skeletal component. A
second member is adapted for securance to a second skeletal
component; and it has an element which is movably disposed in said
chamber. Camming means are adapted to shift the element from one of
said sections to the other thereof and thereby to relatively shift
said skeletal members.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the ensuing detailed description, reference is had to the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded view in perspective of one embodiment of said
invention, natural skeletal parts being shown in phantom;
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of said embodiment in a
laterally extending plane; and
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of said embodiment in an
anterior-posterior plane, an alternate condition of said embodiment
being shown in dashed lines.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, shown is a
complete prosthesis or artificial skeletal joint 10 for
articulating a pair of skeletal components and in which natural
articulation has become impaired. The exemplary skeletal components
are, respectively, a tibia 12 and a femur 14. Accordingly, joint 10
is an artificial knee, though the invention is by no means limited
to a prosthesis for replacing damaged knees; and it comprises a
tibial member or component 16 and a femoral member or component
18.
Tibial component 16 comprises bone anchoring means herein shown as
a connector or bone broaching part or stem 20. It is elongated for
securance to tibia 12 in the marrow channel of which it is adapted
to engage. An integral flange 22 secured from a joint proximate end
of stem 20 has a flat bone proximate surface 24. Said surface is
adapted for rigid securance, by, for example, a suitable
biologically inert adhesive, to prepared surface 26 which has been
suitably flattened on the joint proximate end of the tibia by an
appropriate tool (not shown). A part, ball or head 28 is carried
from one end of a neck 30 which is secured from said flange distal
to its connection from the tibia. The proportioning and arrangement
of the parts is such than an extension of the longitudinal axis of
the stem is diametric of ball 28.
Femoral component 18 comprises bone anchoring means herein shown as
a connector or bone broaching part or stem 32. It is elongated for
securance to femur 14 in the marrow channel of which it is adapted
to engage. A casing or socket 34 which is rigidly secured from a
joint proximate end of said stem has a flat bone proximate external
surface 36. The latter is adapted for rigid securance by, for
example, a suitable biologically inert adhesive, to a prepared
surface 38 which has been suitably flattened on the joint proximate
end of the femur by an appropriate tool (not shown).
Socket 34 is defined by a wall and has therein a chamber 40. The
wall of the socket also has six sides including surface 36. The
other five sides are as follows: opposed lateral sides 42 and 44
(FIG. 2), an anterior aspect 46 (FIG. 3), a posterior aspect 48,
and a bone distal side or bottom 50. A slot 52 extending through
the bottom 50 and the posterior aspect of the socket connects
chamber 40 to the exterior thereof.
Chamber 40 has a pair of communicating sections or compartments 54
and 56, the sections being arranged in anterior-posterior operative
alignment within the socket and having a combined
anterior-posterior length of about 3 radii of ball 28. Each section
has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of
curvature of the ball, with posterior chamber 56 being slightly
upwardly offset from anterior chamber 54 when the parts are
oriented for use (FIG. 3).
Ball 28 is disposed in the chamber 40 and the parts are
proportioned such that neck 30 is wholly disposed in slot 52 with
the tibial distal surface 58 of flange 22 engaged against the
exterior surface of the socket adjacent slot 52. The width of the
slot is such that opposed lateral sides of the neck are engaged by
the bottom ends 60 and 62 (FIG. 2) of sides 42 and 44 while its
length may be about 4 radii of ball 28. Thereby, though the ball is
restrained from angular movement about its X axis (by ends 60 and
62), it is able to rock about Y and Z axes. In the exemplary
embodiment the ball has an angular range of about 130.degree. about
the Z axis with motion thereabout limited by engagement of neck 30
with the anterior end 64 (FIG. 3) and posterior end 66 of slot
52.
The invention is characterized by cam means being a cam and
follower. The cam is comprised of the exterior surface of socket 34
marginal to slot 52. The follower is comprised of the portion of
the surface 58 of flange 22 which is adapted to engage said cam,
said follower and cam being fashioned such that as ball 28 is
rocked about the Z axis between a position in which tibia 12 and
femur 14 are aligned (solid line of FIG. 3), and a position
corresponding to maximum flexion (dashed line of FIG. 3), the ball
will be cammed between compartments 54 and 56 of chamber 40.
End 60 of illustrated joint 10 is adapted as a motion constraint
normally provided by the lateral collateral ligament in a leg. End
62 similarly is adapted as a restraint in lieu of the medial
collateral ligament. Likewise, end 64 is adapted to replace the
action of the corresponding anterior cruciate ligament. Thusly, the
subject prosthesis enables movement of skeletal parts more closely
simulating a natural condition than has been attainable by using
heretofore known appliances.
As many modifications in the described construction could be
conceived, and as many changes could be made therein without
departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, it is intended
that all matter contained in the accompanying specification shall
be considered as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense.
* * * * *