U.S. patent number 3,694,044 [Application Number 05/128,708] was granted by the patent office on 1972-09-26 for dispensing apparatus.
Invention is credited to Gilbert A. Cummings.
United States Patent |
3,694,044 |
Cummings |
September 26, 1972 |
DISPENSING APPARATUS
Abstract
This invention has to do with a dispensing apparatus of the
self-leveling balanced beam or lever type in which one load, an
elevator, is balanced by another load, a spring, and in which a
mechanism is interposed between the spring and the elevator to
permit adjustment for stacks of different masses on the elevator.
The embodiment shown consists of a second-degree lever in which the
points of fulcrum action and force application can be changed.
Illustrated are: a curved lever and a follower adjustable
therealong to vary the point of attachment of a load, in particular
the spring load, in a system where both loads are attached through
elongated flexible elements; a fulcrum for a lever adjustable in
space to vary the moment arm for at least one of the loads, thereby
to vary the dynamic range; adjusting a fulcrum by moving a
swingable arm; mounting a lever on a swingable arm and connecting a
load to the lever at a distance from this connection corresponding
to the arm length by means of an elongated flexible element that
passes about a pulley near the mounting of the swingable arm,
thence to the load; and a system of stationary axis pulleys with
any of the above, permitting straight line movement of the loads
while permitting rotation of the lever assembly.
Inventors: |
Cummings; Gilbert A. (Norwell,
MA) |
Family
ID: |
22436592 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/128,708 |
Filed: |
March 29, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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1379 |
Jan 8, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
312/71;
211/59.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65G
1/07 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65G
1/06 (20060101); B65G 1/07 (20060101); A47f () |
Field of
Search: |
;312/71 ;220/93
;211/49D |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mitchell; James C.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of my co-pending
application Ser. No. 1,379, filed Jan. 8, 1970.
Claims
The invention having been thus described, what is claimed as new
and desired to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A self-leveling dispensing apparatus, comprising
a. a frame,
b. an elevator supported for vertical movement,
c. a lever mounted on the frame for pivotal movement about an axis
at one end, said lever having a curved surface,
d. a spring connected at one end to the frame and at the other end
through connection means to an intermediate portion of the
lever,
e. a first elongated flexible element connecting the other end of
the lever to the elevator,
f. said connecting means providing for adjusting the point of
connection of the spring to the said intermediate portion, said
means including
g. a follower engaging and adjustably movable along the surface of
said lever, and
h. said follower connected to the said spring by a second elongated
flexible element.
2. The dispensing apparatus as recited in claim 1 including a first
pulley having a stationary axis against which said first elongated
flexible element is trained between said lever and said elevator
and a second pulley having a stationary axis against which said
second elongated flexible element is trained between said lever and
said spring, said pulleys serving to permit straight line movement
of the portions of said flexible elements extending from said
pulleys toward said elevator and spring despite displacement of
said lever and the portions of said flexible elements connected
thereto.
3. A dispensing apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the said
one end of the lever is connected to one part of the frame by a
swingable arm, and wherein an adjustable length element connects
the said one end of the lever to another part of the frame
substantially spaced from the said one part.
4. A dispensing apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein the said
adjustable length element includes a nut pivotally attached to the
lever and a screw extending from the nut to the frame, and wherein
a handle is mounted externally of the frame to turn the screw.
5. A dispensing apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein the screw
is connected to the frame for pivotal movement.
6. A dispensing apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein the radius
of curvature of the surface of the lever is the same as the length
of the swingable arm.
7. A dispensing apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the said
one end of the lever is connected to one part of the frame by a
swingable arm, means for adjusting the position of said arm, said
first flexible element connected to said lever at a point spaced
from said one end of said lever a distance substantially
corresponding to the length of said swingable arm, and a pulley
positioned near the pivot point of said swingable arm, said first
flexible element extending about said pivot point, thence to said
elevator.
8. The dispensing apparatus of claim 7 wherein said pulley is
concentric with the pivot point of said swingable arm.
9. A self-leveling dispensing apparatus, comprising
a. a frame,
b. an elevator supported for vertical movement,
c. a lever constructed and arranged to act as a balanced beam
between loads,
d. a spring connected at one end to the frame and at the other end
to the lever and providing a first load
e. means connecting the lever to the elevator to provide a second
load,
f. means for adjusting the effective moment arms of at least one of
said loads for varying the effective spring rate of the
dispenser,
g. said lever being pivotally mounted on a swingable arm mounted on
the frame with the position of said arm variable during use of the
apparatus,
h. a stationary axis pulley,
i. an elongated flexible element connected to said lever for
applying one of said loads and extending from a point on said lever
about said pulley thence to said load,
j. said pulley positioned near the mounting of said swingable arm
and substantially in line with the path of said lever when it moves
about its pivot on said arm, the point of connection of said
elongated flexible element to said lever being spaced from said
pivot connection to said arm a distance substantially the same as
the length of said swingable arm.
10. A dispensing apparatus as recited in claim 9 wherein said
elongated flexible element is connected to said lever by means of a
pulley carried on said lever, about which said flexible element is
looped, one end of said flexible element being secured to said
frame.
11. A self-leveling dispensing apparatus, comprising
a. a frame,
b. an elevator supported for vertical movement,
c. a lever constructed and arranged to act as a balanced beam
between loads,
d. a spring connected at one end to the frame and at the other end
to the lever and providing a first load,
e. means connecting the lever to the elevator to provide a second
load,
f. means for adjusting the effective moment arms of at least one of
said loads for varying the effective spring rate, said means
comprising an adjustable member for moving the fulcrum point of
said beam.
12. The dispensing apparatus as recited in claim 11 wherein said
fulcrum of said beam is carried on the end of a swingable arm, said
arm mounted on the frame, and means to adjust the angular position
of said arm, thereby varying the position of the fulcrum along the
arc defined by said arm.
13. The dispensing apparatus as recited in claim 12 wherein said
fulcrum is permanently positioned at one end of said lever, and the
apparatus is constructed and arranged so that rotation of said
swingable arm and said fulcrum is effective to move said lever
relative to the line of action of said spring.
14. A dispensing apparatus as recited in claim 11 wherein each of
said loads is applied to said lever by an elongated flexible
element, there being first and second stationary pulleys, and each
of said flexible elements extending from said lever about a
respective pulley, thence to the respective load.
15. A self-leveling dispensing apparatus, comprising
a. a frame,
b. an elevator supported for vertical movement,
c. a lever mounted on the frame for pivotal movement about an axis
at one end, one end,
d. a spring connected at one end to the frame and at the other end
to an intermediate portion of the lever,
e. an elongated flexible element connecting the other end of the
lever to the elevator, and
f. means for adjusting the point of connection of the spring to the
said intermediate portion wherein the said one end of the lever is
connected to one part of the frame by a swingable arm, and wherein
an adjustable-length element connects the said one end of the lever
to another part of the frame substantially spaced from the said one
part.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the dispensing of trays, glass and cup racks, dishes, saucers
and the like, particularly in food service operations, it has been
common practice to provide a table having an internal elevator on
which the dispensed articles can be stacked. By properly balancing
the elevator, the top of the stack of articles remains at a
constant level at all times. In the past, most of these elevators
have been balanced by use of one or more coil springs and, when the
type of article is changed (particularly so far as weight is
concerned), it has been necessary to change the spring or spring
attachment location. It has been suggested that the spring effect
can be regulated by use of a lever interposed between the spring
and the elevator and by adjusting the point of application of the
spring to the lever. Such apparatus has been less than successful,
however, because of the complications of the mechanism and because
it is difficult for unskilled labor to make the necessary
adjustment in shifting from one type of dispensed article to
another, and there has not been available an adequate range of
adjustment to accommodate the various commonly used items of food
service ware. Part of the problem exists in the fact that such
adjustments are non-linear and do not lend themselves to ease of
calibration. These and other difficulties experienced with the
prior art devices have been obviated in a novel manner by the
present invention.
It is, therefore, an outstanding object of the invention to provide
a dispensing apparatus in which a rapid adjustment can be made when
different weights of dispensed articles are used.
Another object of this invention is the provision of a dispensing
apparatus having a simple and rugged mechanism for adjusting the
elevator spring constant, which apparatus is inexpensive to
manufacture and which is capable of a long life of useful service
with a minimum of maintenance.
A further object of the present invention is the provision of a
dispensing apparatus having a mechanism for adjusting the spring
constant for the elevator, wherein the adjusting means operates in
a linear manner.
With these and other objects in view, as will be apparent to those
skilled in the art, the invention resides in the combination of
parts set forth in the specification and covered by the claims
appended hereto.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In general, the invention consists of a self-leveling dispensing
apparatus having a frame on which is slidably mounted an
elevator.
One aspect of the invention is a lever mounted for pivotal movement
about an axis at one end, the lever having a curved surface. A
spring is connected at one end to the frame and at the other end
through connection means to an intermediate portion of the lever
and a first elongated flexible element connects the other end of
the lever to the elevator. The connecting means for the spring
provides for adjusting the point of connection of the spring to the
intermediate portion and includes a follower that is adjustably
movable along the surface of the lever, with the follower being
connected to the spring by a second elongated flexible element.
Preferred embodiments of this aspect feature a first pulley having
a stationary axis against which the first elongated flexible
element is trained between the lever and the elevator and a second
pulley having a stationary axis against which the second elongated
flexible element is trained between the lever and the spring. The
pulleys serve to permit straight line movement of the portions of
the flexible elements extending from the pulleys toward the
elevator and spring despite displacement of the lever and the
portions of the flexible elements connected thereto. Preferred
embodiments of this aspect also feature: one end of the lever
connected to one part of the frame by a swingable arm, and an
adjustable length element connecting the one end of the lever to
another part of the frame substantially spaced apart therefrom; the
adjustable length element as a nut pivotally attached to the lever
and a screw extending from the nut to the frame, with a handle
mounted externally of the frame to turn the screw; the screw
connected to the frame for pivotal movement; the radius of
curvature of the surface of the lever the same as the length of the
swingable arm; and the arrangement in which the one end of the
lever that is connected to one part of the frame being connected by
a swingable arm, with means for adjusting the position of the arm,
the first flexible element connected to the lever at a point spaced
from the one end of the lever a distance substantially
corresponding to the length of the swingable arm, and a pulley
positioned near the pivot point of the swingable arm, the first
flexible element extending about this pivot point, thence to the
elevator, and in particular wherein the pulley is concentric with
the pivot point of the swingable arm.
Another aspect of the invention features a lever constructed and
arranged to act as a balanced beam between loads, a spring
connected at one end to the frame and at the other end to the lever
and providing a first load, means connecting the lever to the
elevator to provide a second load, and means for adjusting the
effective moment arms of at least one of the loads for varying the
effective spring rate of the dispenser. The lever is pivotally
mounted on a swingable arm mounted on the frame with the position
of the arm variable during use of the apparatus; an elongated
flexible element is connected to the lever for applying one of the
loads and extends from a point on the lever about a pulley thence
to the load; the pulley is positioned near the mounting of the
swingable arm and is substantially in line with the path of the
lever when it moves about its pivot on the arm and the point of
connection of the elongated flexible element to the lever is spaced
from the pivot connection to the arm a distance substantially the
same as the length of the swingable arm.
Preferrably with this aspect the elongated flexible element is
connected to the lever by means of a pulley carried on the lever,
about which the flexible element is looped, one end of the flexible
element being secured to the frame.
According to another aspect of the invention, the self-leveling
dispensing apparatus comprises a frame, an elevator slidably
mounted on the frame or otherwise suspended, and a lever
constructed and arranged to act as a balanced beam between loads; a
spring is connected at one end to the frame and at the other end to
the lever, providing a first load; there is a means connecting the
lever to the elevator to provide a second load; and a means for
adjusting the effective moment arms of at least one of said loads
for varying the effective spring rate, this means comprising an
adjustable member for moving the fulcrum point of the beam.
Preferred embodiments of this aspect of the invention feature the
fulcrum of the beam carried on the end of a swingable arm, the arm
mounted on the frame, and means to adjust the angular position of
the arm, thereby to vary the position of the fulcrum along the arc
defined by the arm; the fulcrum permanently positioned at one end
of the lever, and the apparatus constructed and arranged so that
rotation of the swingable arm and the fulcrum is effective to move
the lever relative to the line of action of the spring; each of the
loads applied to the lever by an elongated flexible element, there
being first and second stationary pulleys, and each of the flexible
elements extending from the lever about a respective pulley, thence
to the respective load.
According to still another aspect of the invention the
self-leveling dispensing apparatus comprises a frame, an elevator
slidably mounted on the frame, a lever mounted on the frame for
pivotal movement about an axis at one end, a spring connected at
one end to the frame and at the other end to an intermediate
portion of the lever, an elongated flexible element connecting the
other end of the lever to the elevator, and means for adjusting the
point of connection of the spring to the intermediate portion,
wherein the one end of the lever is connected to one part of the
frame by a swingable arm, and wherein an adjustable-length element
connects the one end of the lever to another part of the frame
substantially spaced from the one part.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The character of the invention, however, may be best understood by
reference to one of its structural forms, as illustrated by the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view with a portion broken away of a
dispensing apparatus embodying the principles of the present
invention,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the invention taken on the line
II--II of FIG. 1,
FIG. 2a is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing an alternate means of
positioning the follower, and
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the invention taken on the line
III--III of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring first to FIG. 1, wherein are best shown the general
features of the invention, the dispensing apparatus, indicated
generally by the reference numeral 10, is shown as having a
generally cube-shaped enclosure 11 having an opening 12 at its
upper surface. The enclosure may be provided at the lower corners
with casters 13. Along one side of the enclosure is a frame 14 on
which is slidably mounted an elevator 15. Mounted on the elevator
is a series of articles 16 to be dispensed. In the illustration,
these articles are shown as glasses carried in stacked racks 17.
The top rack 17 and its glasses 16 extend upwardly through the
opening 12 in the enclosure.
In FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the elevator 15 is provided
with rollers 18 at the sides by which it is guided in the frame 14
for vertical movement. A lever 19 is mounted centrally of the frame
in a generally vertical direction and is provided with a circular
arcuate surface 21. The upper end of the lever 19 is connected by a
pivot pin 22 to one end of a swingable arm 23, the other end of
which is connected by a pivot pin 24 to the frame 14. The surface
21 has a radius of curvature equal to the length of the arm 23.
Also pivotally connected to the lever 19 by the pivot pin 22 is a
nut 25 which is threadedly engaged with a threaded shaft 26 which
is rotatably and pivotally mounted in the frame 14 by means of a
universal joint, such as a ball joint 20, and extends externally
thereof where it is provided with a crank handle 27. The lower end
of the lever 19 is provided with a sheave 28 rotatably mounted on a
pivot pin 29. A similar sheave 31 is rotatably mounted on the pivot
pin 24. The distance between pivot pins 22 and 29 corresponding
substantially to the radius of the swingable arm, between pivot
pins 22 and 24. An elongated flexible element, such as a cable 32,
is connected to a flange 33 at one side of the elevator 15, and
extends vertically upwardly and around a pulley 34 connected to the
upper part of the frame, and passes over a sheave 35 also rotatably
mounted on the upper part of the frame. From the sheave 35 the
cable 32 extends downwardly around the sheave 31 and the sheave 28
and finally is fastened to the lower part of the frame.
Located in an intermediate portion of the lever 19 is a slide or
follower 39 having a roller 41, which roller engages the surface 21
of the lever. The slide 39 is connected to an elongated flexible
element, such as a cable 42, which extends around a pulley 43 and a
pulley 44 to one end of a large coil spring 45, the other end of
which is fixed to the bottom of the frame 14. The pulley 44 is
attached to the upper part of the frame, while the pulley 43 is
connected to the frame and fixed in place by means of a pair of
arms 46.
The operation of the invention will now be readily understood in
view of the above description. The lever 19 should be visualized as
a second-degree lever in which the pivot pin 22 constitutes the
fulcrum, and in which two forces are applied in opposite
directions. One force in the intermediate portion of the lever is
the force due to the stressing of the spring 45, while the other
force operating on the lower end of the lever is the weight of the
elevator and its contents as carried to the lever through the cable
32. The force due to the elevator 15 and its load is always applied
to the extreme end of the lever, but the force from the spring 45
is applied to the intermediate portion of the lever in a position
determined by the position of the pivot pin 22. By adjusting the
position of the pivot pin 22 (and, therefore, the position of the
slide 39 on the lever), it is possible to adjust the effect of the
spring 45 on the elevator to match various weights of articles
carried on the elevator. The rotation of the screw 26 by means of
the handle 27 will cause the nut 25 to move to any of various
positions along the screw. The screw is attached to the frame 14 in
such a way that it can change its angularity to compensate for the
fact that the arm 23 causes the pivot 22 to move along an arc equal
to the radius of curvature of the surface 21 which has the same
radius of curvature as the length of the arm 23. When the nut 25
has been drawn close to the side of the frame (close to the handle
27), it has the effect of moving the slide 39 closer to the lower
end of the lever; that is to say, closer to the sheave 28. This
means that the spring 45 is operating on a longer moment arm and is
capable of balancing a larger force on the elevator. It is only
necessary for the attendant at the dispensing apparatus to turn the
handle 27 after a complete load of dishes or new types of articles
has been placed on the elevator. He turns the crank until the top
of the pile appears at the opening 12, and, as he removes
successive elements from the stack on the elevator, the forces will
cause the next lower element to move up through the opening, so
that there is always an article located at a desired height above
the opening 12 ready to be used.
In these instances where a wide range of dynamic adjustability is
desired, it is advantageous to secure the follower in its position
relative to the lever 21 after adjustment. In other words, while
moving pivot pin 22 by means of handle 27, the follower, comprising
roller 41 and slide 39, is free to move relative to lever 21, this
having the effect of changing the moment as defined between pin 22
and roller 41. However, once the proper setting is achieved a
locking device is useful to lock the follower on arm 21. This will
prevent any relative movement between follower 41, 39 and lever 21
as the elevator rises, maintaining a constant rate between
effective moment arms for the elevator and spring. Such locking may
be achieved i.g., by a releasably locking device similar to a vice
grip locking wrench.
Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 2a, as an alternative, a long
pivotal link 39a is mounted at the top of the frame and constrains
the roller 41 to an arc during operation. It still permits movement
of the pin 22, during adjustment, to cause relative movement
between lever 21 and roller 41, with resultant change of the moment
arm for the spring load.
It can be seen, therefore, that with the present apparatus a
relatively simple construction is obtained, which construction can
be used as a mechanism that can be adapted to use with a complete
line of dispensers, irrespective of the nature of the elevator, the
nature of the enclosure, or of the articles being dispensed. There
is no necessity for changing springs, because the type of spring
action can be changed without difficulty to match the type of
articles being dispensed. This can be done without the need for a
skilled mechanic to make the adjustment. The spring constant
available to balance the elevator load is linear, due to the
curvature of the lever of the surface 21 of the lever 19. The
apparatus is of such a nature that it can be built in a very rugged
manner, so that its life will be extremely long and there will be
no need for any maintenance.
It is obvious that minor changes may be made in the form and
construction of the invention without departing from the material
spirit thereof. It is not, however, desired to confined the
invention to the exact form herein shown and described, but it is
desired to include all such as properly come within the scope
claimed.
* * * * *