U.S. patent number 3,693,775 [Application Number 05/051,284] was granted by the patent office on 1972-09-26 for actuator for elastic diaphragm switch keyboard.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Kenneth A. Brooks, Lawrence L. Johnson, James A. Mathewson.
United States Patent |
3,693,775 |
Brooks , et al. |
September 26, 1972 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
ACTUATOR FOR ELASTIC DIAPHRAGM SWITCH KEYBOARD
Abstract
An actuator sheet carries clusters of switch actuating
projections aligned with openings which receive deflectable
contacts of an array of diaphragm switches. Intersecting ribs are
carried on the same side of the actuator sheet as the switch
actuating projections, to define isolation zones for the
projections corresponding directly to the individual key areas of
the keyboard. Integral, raised pressure pads for each key area are
formed on the upper surface of the actuator sheet to enhance even
pressure distribution over the pertinent switch contact area.
Inventors: |
Brooks; Kenneth A. (Cary,
NC), Johnson; Lawrence L. (Raleigh, NC), Mathewson; James
A. (Raleigh, NC) |
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
21970358 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/051,284 |
Filed: |
June 30, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
400/479; 200/46;
235/145R; 200/5R; 200/512; 341/34; 400/480 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
13/702 (20130101); H01H 2209/006 (20130101); H01H
2221/05 (20130101); H01H 2217/016 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
13/70 (20060101); H01H 13/702 (20060101); B41j
005/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;197/98,102,103,104
;35/5,6 ;340/337 ;84/326,423,445,446,447,478 ;234/123,124,125
;235/145,146 ;178/101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110
;200/5,5E,5A,46,83,159B |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wright, Jr.; Ernest T.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In an elastic diaphragm switch assembly including; an array of
deflectable diaphragm switch contacts and an elastomeric sheet
overlying said array of contacts with a plurality of projections
depending therefrom in registration with respective contacts, the
improvement comprising: a series of intersecting ribs carried on
the same side of said elastomeric sheet as said projections and
defining a matrix of individual rectangular isolation zones for
said projections, said zones corresponding in number and position
to said array of contacts to eliminate crosstalk and interference
problems between adjacent switches.
2. The elastic diaphragm switch assembly as claimed in claim 1
further comprising a keyboard, a rigid frame member lying below
said keyboard and carrying key position separator openings, soft
button means coupling said keyboard to said elastomeric sheet
through said openings and raised pressure pads carried by said
elastomeric sheet on the surface of said sheet and facing
respective soft button means for each key position to insure even
pressure distribution over the switch contact area of each
zone.
3. The elastic diaphragm switch assembly as claimed in claim 2
wherein said series of intersecting ribs and said raised pressure
pad are integrally molded within said elastomeric actuator
sheet.
4. The elastic diaphragm switch assembly as claimed in claim 1
wherein said intersecting straight-line ribs are of rectangular
cross section and have a thickness at least as great as the length
of said projections depending from the same side of said
elastomeric actuator sheet.
5. A keyboard comprising: an elastomeric keyboard means bearing
indicia and defining keys thereon, an elastomeric actuator sheet
including an input surface and an output surface on opposite sides
thereof, a rigid frame member having openings therein corresponding
to the keys of said keyboard member supporting said keyboard means
and positioned intermediate of said keyboard means and said
actuator sheet, a plurality of soft elastomeric buttons carried
within said frame opening and mechanically coupling said keyboard
means to said actuator sheet, a plurality of diaphragm switches in
an array corresponding to the keys of said keyboard means and
having an actuation surface confronting the output surface of said
actuator sheet, a plurality of projections extending outwardly of
the output surface of said elastomeric actuator sheet for contact
with the actuation surface of respective diaphragm switches to
close contacts of said switches relating to specific key areas of
said keyboard means, one of said projections being responsive to
deflection of said actuator sheet for effecting closure of said
switch contact and a plurality of additional projections
surrounding said one projection for stopping excessive deflection
of said one projection, and a plurality of intersecting rectangular
ribs projecting from the output surface of said elastomeric
actuator sheet and defining individual rectangular isolation zones
for the projections corresponding to each switch of said array,
said series of intersecting ribs lying outside of the area defined
by said switch contacts, said actuator sheet projections associated
therewith, said soft elastomeric button, and said frame
openings.
6. The keyboard as claimed in claim 5 wherein the input surface of
said actuator sheet has integrally molded therein raised pressure
pads corresponding in surface area and position to the openings
within said frame member and the soft buttons carried thereby in
contact with the input surface of said elastomeric actuator sheet.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to keyboards for providing input of data to
electrical apparatus and more particularly to keyboards
incorporating elastic diaphragm switches and the like.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A manual keyboard employing an integrated keying mechanism has
previously been employed in an elastic diaphragm switch array
incorporated within the keyboard. This type of structure has
provided a simplified keyboard at reduced cost while providing a
variably responsive mechanism in terms of manual force and pressure
required for operation. Additionally, this structure provides
pretravel, overtravel, variable touch and the effect of a keystop
to simulate the feel of conventional keyboard operated apparatus,
such as typewriters. These prior art devices will, for the sake of
clarity, be discussed in greater detail in the specification which
follows to more clearly point out the differences which
characterize the present invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to an improved elastic diaphragm
switch assembly which includes a regular array of deflectable
diaphragm switch contacts and an elastomeric sheet overlying the
array of contacts and which sheet carries a plurality of
projections depending therefrom in registration with the contacts
for selectively actuating the same. In particular, the elastomeric
actuator sheet carries a series of intersecting, straight-line ribs
on the same side of the sheet as the rigid projections to define
individual, rectangular isolation zones for the projections, which
zones correspond in number and position to the underlying array of
switch contacts. This assures prevention of crosstalk or
interference problems between adjacent switches when a single key
is depressed.
In addition, the present invention is directed to the same
elastomeric sheet being provided with raised pressure pads
corresponding to each key position of the keyboard on the surface
facing the soft button carried internally within the opening of the
rigid frame underlying the keyboard keys. The raised pressure pads
provide even pressure distribution over the pertinent contact area
when a key is depressed and allow relaxation of the tolerance
requirements for the soft buttons since a variation in pressure pad
tolerance will not be felt by any change in switch actuation
pressure. Further, the provision of the intersecting straight ribs
allows the entire actuator sheet to lie flat on the elastic
diaphragm switch sheet, insuring uniform travel of the keys during
depression of the same and enhancing uniform alignment of the
actuator projection with the deflectable switch contact of the
elastic diaphragm.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a vertical section of an integrated keyboard
incorporating an array of elastic diaphragm switches of prior art
design;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view, partially broken away, of a keyboard
shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative prior art design;
FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of a portion of the improved actuator
sheet of the present invention as applied to an integrated keyboard
similar to that of FIGS. 1-3;
FIG. 5 is a vertical section of a modified manual keyboard similar
to that of FIG. 1 but incorporating the improved actuator sheet of
the present invention.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, one form of a prior integrated keying
mechanism constituting a manual keyboard which is presently in use
is illustrated. It employs a polyurethane elastomer nomenclature
sheet 10 which defines the keyboard of the assembly and includes
soft flexible keys 11 which, upon depression, cause soft elastomer
buttons 16 to force protrusions 21 of an actuator sheet 20 to
operate selected diaphragm switches in array 28. Contacts 24 are
carried by the elastic diaphragm 23, while contacts 27 are carried
on a rigid sheet 30 supported by base 29. Separator sheet 25 of
insulative material, normally keeps contacts 24 and 27 apart, but
apertures 26 in sheet 25 allow the contacts to close under
pressure.
In greater detail, the flexible keys 11 may carry visible indicia
identifying the same to allow operator-selector depression as
evidenced in FIG. 2. Lying below the keyboard sheet 10 is a
protective sheet 14, which also may be formed of an elastomer,
which serves as a dust cover for sealing the actuating mechanism
below from the environment and further facilitating manipulation of
sheet 10. The protective sheet 14 is supported by a rigid frame
member 15 formed of metal or the like and having circular or square
holes 17 aligned concentrically with keys 11. Keys 11 may thus be
depressed centrally due to the holes or openings 17. Within the
same holes, and underlying the protective sheet 14, are the key
buttons 16 formed of a soft elastomer and molded integrally in a
pad 18. The elastomers preferably are closed-pore cellular neoprene
rubber with low compressive modulus.
Below the pad 18 is an actuator sheet 20 comprised, preferably, of
a molded neoprene rubber or elastomer and having thereon a
plurality of clusters of truncated cone-shaped protrusions or stops
22 and central protrusion 21 in axial alignment with hole 17 and
key 11. The four outer protrusions or stops 22 are of similar
length and are slightly shorter than and are circumferentially
spaced about center protrusion 21. All protrusions lie generally
within the area of the individual keys 11. The outer protrusions 22
are rectangularly disposed and spaced from the central protrusion
21, however, they may be circularly disposed instead. Preferably,
the central protrusion 21 is about 6 to 10 mils longer than the
outer protrusions 22 which in turn are approximately one eighth
inch in length. The central protrusion 21, when depressed, moves
the contact 24 into contact with a contact 27 for a given element
of switch array 28.
The combination of the very soft key pad 16 and the actuator sheet
20, which is of medium hardness rubber, provides a relatively long
keying stroke with pretravel and overtravel. A soft key pad 16 and
the flexible keys 11 provide a combination of actuating elements
with a low spring constant and a long stroke. These latter
characteristics are controlled by the stiffness of key pad 16 and
keys 11. Of importance is the provision of the discrete projections
22 in a uniform spaced pattern about the central projection 21
since these projections concentrate the actuating force on a given
switch within the array 28. Because of the outside projections 22,
the actuating force remains constant over the surface of each of
the keys 11. Further, the concentric array of protrusions 22 tends
to act as a fulcrum, causing areas outside of the "ring" of the
cluster to rise rather than fall. Further, since protrusions 22 are
preferably shorter than the central protrusion 21, they facilitate
closure of the contacts by the central protrusion of the switch.
Force applied to a given key 11 is distributed by protrusion 21
until protrusions 22 contact the elastic diaphragm 23. Then,
however, the force is concentrated on the central protrusion 21.
However, as the forces are increased, the forces are spread out to
the stops or protrusions 22 so that the greater force is
distributed over a relatively larger area of the elastic diaphragm
23 by all of the stops 22 surrounding the central protrusion
21.
Rather than employing a central protrusion 21 and a plurality of
circumferentially spaced secondary protrusions 22 concentrically
surrounding the central protrusion, a modified arrangement for use
with a keyboard with square keys 11 is possible. As shown in FIG.
3, the peripheral protrusions 22 are eliminated and a unitary stop
is formed by an endless rib 32 lying inside of the key area of a
key 11 (shown in phantom). The central protrusion 21 lies well
inside of the isolation area defined by the individual curved
endless rib 32. The rib 32 thus serves as a stop in similar fashion
to stops 22 which prevent interference with or from adjacent keys
and which absorbs overtravel forces.
However, in such an arrangement, the individual ribs 32 must be
formed under close tolerances at exactly desired locations and the
actuator sheet must be precisely positioned with respect to the
other elements of the stacked keyboard. Further, since the force
for actuation must be transmitted from the key 11, through the
cover sheet 14, the soft button 16, ribs 32 must be manufactured
with cone-shaped projection 21, ribs 32 must be manufactured with
relatively close tolerances to insure proper and uniform force
application to the central protrusion 21 effecting switch
operation. Having thus discussed the prior art, the specific
preferred embodiment of the improvements which comprise the
invention will now be discussed with reference to the prior
art.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Turning to FIGS. 4 and 5, the keyboard of the present invention
involves, principally, a modified actuator sheet illustrated at 120
and being preferably rectangular. For the keyboard of FIG. 5, like
numerals define like elements to the prior art arrangement of FIGS.
1 through 3. In like fashion the prior art arrangement, sheet 120
is preferably of molded neoprene rubber or similar elastomer,
having a medium hardness of about 55 to 65 durometers and, in the
illustrated arrangement, is approximately one sixteenth inch in
thickness and provided with a plurality of clusters of truncated,
cone-shaped protrusions 121 and 122 with the central protrusion 121
surrounded by four, preferably slightly shorter, protrusions 122
circumferentially spaced and concentric with the central protrusion
121.
Unlike the prior art arrangement, an elastomeric actuator sheet 120
has integrally molded thereon, on the top or upper surface 100, a
plurality of individual raised pressure pads 102 corresponding in
surface area and generally in configuration to the visual keying
areas of keys 11 on the keyboard. While the raised pressure pads
102 are shown as being square, they may be irregular, rectangular
or circular in form, depending of course upon the configuration and
location of the individual keys 11 of the keyboard. The contact
surface 104 of each of the raised pressure pads lies in contact
with a soft button 16 of the integral pad 18 and in alignment with
its respective key 11. Thus, under this arrangement, there is even
pressure distribution over the pertinent contact area, in
particular that area covering the series of projections 121-122.
With the raised pressure pad 102 in contact with the major portion
of the soft button 16, the soft button need not have the tolerance
requirement of the prior art design. A variation in button
tolerance will not be felt by any change in switch actuating
pressure due to the presence of the raised pressure pad 102, which
assures a more constant pressure pattern for making the
switches.
On the underside of the actuator sheet 120 there is provided a
plurality of intersecting, straight-line ribs 132 of rectangular
cross section which are also integrally molded into the actuator
sheet 120. The raised ribs 132 define rectangular isolation zones
106 within which, of course, are carried the protrusions 121- 122.
The raised ribs 132 lie outside the area of pressure pads 102 on
the opposite side of the actuator sheet. The raised ribs 132, due
to their intersections, define a regular matrix of rectangular
isolation zones corresponding directly with the array of
rectangular keys 11 of the keyboard 10. Further, since the straight
line, evenly spaced raised ribs 132 contact major portions of the
entire underlying elastic diaphragm sheet 123, the actuator lies
flat and parallel with the elastic diaphragm sheet 123, thereby
insuring uniform travel for each key being depressed and more
uniform alignment of the actuator projection 121, achieving
switching of contacts 124 and 127 for each switch location.
It is apparent from the above description that the actuator
constitutes a more reliable, better balanced pressure actuator than
the previously used actuator illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 3,
inclusive.
* * * * *