U.S. patent number 3,693,266 [Application Number 05/158,380] was granted by the patent office on 1972-09-26 for educational toy balloon systems.
Invention is credited to Jerome Pressman.
United States Patent |
3,693,266 |
Pressman |
September 26, 1972 |
EDUCATIONAL TOY BALLOON SYSTEMS
Abstract
Two or more balloons are cooperatively related by
interconnection and/or by nesting in different combinations
utilizing valves and tubes to produce a variety of effects by
selective inflation. The balloons may be interconnected by tubes
with a valve for each balloon for independent inflation or
deflation in conjunction with one or more other balloons in various
configurations. Valved manifolds may be employed for selectively
inflating and/or interconnecting a plurality of balloons to
demonstrate the hydrodynamics of pressure and the properties of
elastic materials as well as to train children in manipulation and
logical thinking.
Inventors: |
Pressman; Jerome (Lexington,
MA) |
Family
ID: |
22567846 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/158,380 |
Filed: |
June 30, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
434/300; 446/221;
446/69 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09B
23/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G09B
23/00 (20060101); G09B 23/12 (20060101); G09b
023/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;35/18R,19R ;40/212,214
;272/8N ;46/44,87 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Skogquist; Harland S.
Claims
Having thus described the invention, what I claim and desire to
obtain by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. An educational toy, comprising
a. a group of balloons nested one within the other,
b. at least the outermost of said balloons being transparent,
c. conduit means separately connected to each of said balloons and
having the free ends thereof external to all of said balloons.
2. An educational toy according to claim 1 including valve means
connected to each of said conduit means.
3. An educational toy according to claim 1 wherein said conduit
means are coaxial.
4. An educational toy according to claim 1 including second conduit
means mutually connecting said balloons and valve means connected
to said second conduit means.
5. An educational toy according to claim 1 wherein the inner of
said balloons are marked with identifying indicia.
6. An educational toy according to claim 1 in combination with at
least one other group of nested balloons and second conduit means
selectively connecting at least one balloon of one group with at
least one balloon of another group.
7. An educational toy according to claim 1 including a manifold
connected to said conduit means.
8. An educational toy according to claim 6 including a T-shaped
conduit fitting selectively connected to said second conduit means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to toys and educational equipment
and more particularly is directed towards a system of interrelated
balloons selectively inflatable in various configurations to
demonstrate a variety of effects and physical principles.
2. History of the Prior Art
The hydrodynamics of pressure and the properties of elastic
materials often times are difficult to grasp, particularly by
children. There is a need for educational devices which can be
operated by the students themselves with complete safety and yet
which provide immediate demonstration of certain physical
relationships.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an interrelated
balloon system useful not only as a toy but for scientific and
demonstrated educational purposes. A further object of the
invention is to provide an interrelated flexible balloon system
capable of a wide variety of configurations useful particularly for
training children in manipulation and logical thinking.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention features an educational apparatus, comprising a
plurality of inter-related nested balloons, conduits and valves
connected to the balloons for selective inflation or deflation in a
variety of different configurations and relationships. The nested
balloons may be interconnected in various combinations with other
sets of nested balloons in a variety of arrangements to produce a
variety of results when the balloons are selectively inflated and
the valves are selectively opened and closed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a set of two nested balloons in
accordance with the invention,
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing two nested balloons in a
coaxial configuration,
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing three nested balloons in
a coaxial arrangement,
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing a pair of interconnected
balloons on a Tee.
FIG. 5 is a plot of a typical curve demonstrating the inverse
relationship of balloon pressure to balloon size,
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a pair of nested balloons with cross
connections,
FIGS. 7 through 11 are sectional views showing different
interconnections between two sets of nested balloons,
FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 are sectional views showing different
interconnections for three sets of nested balloons,
FIGS. 15 through 17 are sectional views demonstrating different
interconnections amongst four sets of nested balloons,
FIGS. 18 and 19 are sectional views showing different
interconnections between two sets of triple-nested balloons,
and,
FIG. 20 is a sectional view showing interconnections between mixed
nested balloon sets.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In general, the invention involves a plurality of nested balloons
connected by tubes and valves in such a manner that an individual
balloon may be inflated and exhausted independently or in
conjunction with any one, several or all of the remaining balloons
in any of a variety of different combinations. In place of the tube
connections, manifolds provided with appropriate valves may be
employed to interconnect various nested balloon groups. The nested
balloons, when inflated in various ways, demonstrate unusual and
paradoxical properties.
In FIG. 1 there is illustrated a simple nested balloon group
comprised of an outer balloon 10 provided with a tubular conduit 12
and a valve 14 and an inner balloon 16 similarly provided with a
tubular conduit 18 extending through the wall of the balloon 10, as
shown. In practice, it is desirable that the outer balloon 10 be
fabricated of a transparent rubber or other suitable elastic
material, while the inner balloon 16 should be opaque, at least in
part, so that the effects of various experiments may be visible.
Where more than one balloon is nested with another balloon, such as
in FIG. 3, for example, the different balloons may be transparent
but marked with different colored dots, bars or other indicia for
identification. Also, simple pressure sensing devices adapted to
emit a sound may be connected to the balloons to indicate when a
specific pressure is reached for a particular balloon. Also,
certain novel effects may be achieved in a multiple nested balloon
system in which one of the balloons is not elastic and adapted to
be inflated to a fixed size.
By inflating one balloon or the other or both, either by mouth or
by pump through the conduits 12 and 18, various effects may be
created. Complex relationships may be further enhanced by using
balloons with different pressure size relationships. The parts used
in making the connections may include plastic and rubber tubing,
valves of various types such as turn, pinch or the like, Tees,
crosses, etc., or a connecting manifold unit. Different effects may
be achieved by first blowing up one or more of the balloons and
then changing the position of one or more of the valves.
In FIG. 1, different effects can be achieved by inflating the inner
and outer balloons through the separate conduits. In FIG. 2 a pair
of nested balloons 22 and 24 are inflated through coaxial tubes 26
and 28, each with a control valve 30 and 32. In FIG. 3, three
balloons 34, 36 and 38 are nested one within the other and inflated
through coaxial tubes 40, 42, and 44, each with a control valve. A
variety of effects can be achieved by inflating any one or all of
the balloons at the same or different pressures and then releasing
air from one or the other of the balloons. The effects of these
different inflation conditions may be readily observed and repeated
for demonstration to students.
FIG. 4 illustrates two simple balloons 46 and 48 connected to a
common Tee 50 provided with a valve in each leg of the Tee. If the
two balloons are inflated separately with one balloon larger than
the other, and subsequently the crossover valves are opened with
the center valve closed, surprisingly the smaller balloon 46 will
empty its air into a larger balloon 48 which will become still
larger while the small balloon becomes smaller. This effect is due
to the fact that the internal pressure of a balloon is a decreasing
function of its radius as represented in the curve of FIG. 5.
In FIG. 6 there is illustrated a pair of nested balloons 52 and 54
with separate valves 56 and 58 connected to a common conduit 60
having a valve 62. The conduit 60 may be connected to a pump or may
be inflated by mouth. If the inner balloon 54 is first inflated,
the pump turned off and the valve 62 closed and then the inner
balloon 54 is connected with the outer balloon 52 by opening both
valves 56 and 58, the inner balloon 54 will collapse while the
outer balloon 52 remains the same size. Additional balloons may be
added in successive nesting arrangements, all with separate valves,
to the conduit 60. By blowing up any of the balloons, either in
pairs or all at once, there are seven separate initial types of
conditions. By then interconnecting the balloons, either two at a
time of three at a time, the seven initial situations are then
converted into 28 different conditions for this one configuration
which may serve as the subject for analysis.
Referring now to FIGS. 7 through 11, there are shown variations
involving two sets of balloons, each set comprising a pair of
nested balloons interconnected in different fashions to produce a
variety of effects. In FIG. 7 inner balloons 64 and 66 are
interconnected and outer balloons 68 and 70 are interconnected. The
inner balloons only are connected, as by a valved Tee 72, for
inflation and deflation. The crossover conduit between the outer
balloons is provided with a valve as shown. In FIG. 8 the
configuration is similar to FIG. 7 with the exception that the
outer balloons 68' and 70' are connected to a valved Tee 72'
through which air may be delivered and exhausted. The crossover
line between the inner balloons is provided with a valve as shown.
In FIG. 9 a by-pass line with a valve is connected between the
crossover line between the inner and the outer balloons, both
crossover lines provided with a pair of valves for selectively
isolating or connecting each of the balloons. In this fashion, the
outer balloon on one side may be connected to the inner balloon on
its own side or on the other side and any one or all of the
balloons may be inflated or deflated. In FIG. 10, the outer balloon
on one side is connected to the inner balloon on the other side and
vice versa with a valved Tee in the crossover line connected to one
inner balloon on one side and one outer balloon on the other side.
The FIG. 11 configuration is similar to FIG. 10 with the exception
of a by-pass line 76 connecting the two crossover lines.
Referring now to FIGS. 12, 13 and 14, there are illustrated
different arrangements involving three sets of balloons, each set
comprised of nested inner and outer balloons. In FIG. 12 each outer
balloon of one set communicates with an inner balloon of an
adjacent set through a crossover conduit provided with a valved Tee
connection whereby the balloons may be inflated or deflated
selectively in various combinations. In the FIG. 13 embodiment,
again the outer balloon of one set communicates with the inner
balloon of another set in a repeated fashion with the exception
that the crossover lines between the two sets are simple conduits
each with a valve, whereas the third crossover line is a Tee
connection. In FIG. 14 there is shown a mixed connecting
arrangement in which the outer balloons of two sets are
interconnected, the inner balloons between another pair combination
are interconnected and inner and outer balloons of still a
different combination are interconnected. A by-pass line connects
two crossover conduits and a Tee fitting is provided as in the
illustrated arrangement.
FIGS. 15, 16 and 17 illustrate different connecting arrangements
involving four sets of balloons, each set comprised of nested inner
and outer balloons connected in various ways. In FIG. 15 the inner
balloons of two pairs of balloon sets are connected as are the
outer balloons of two pairs in different combinations. The
crossover line between one pair of inner balloons is valved while
the crossover line between the other pair of inner balloons is
connected to a valved Tee as the sole means of inflation. The
crossover line between the outer balloons are open conduits. In
FIG. 16 diagonally opposite outer balloons are interconnected by
valved conduits and the inner balloons are crossconnected in the
fashion of FIG. 15. In FIG. 17 the inner balloons are
cross-connected in the manner of FIG. 16 while the outer balloons
are cross-connected in the manner of the inner balloons of FIG. 15
and 16.
In FIGS. 18 and 19 there are illustrated two sets of nested
balloons, each set comprised of three nested balloons, two sets
being interconnected by a common Tee manifold 80, each manifold
branch provided with a valve for selectively inflating any one or
combination of central, intermediate or outer balloons 82, 84 and
86, respectively, on either side of the branched Tee. In FIG. 19
the outermost balloon on one side is connected to the innermost
balloon on the other side with the intermediate balloons
cross-connected. There is a valve at each branch whereby any one or
combination of balloons may be selectively inflated or
deflated.
In FIG. 20 there are shown three mixed sets of balloons connected
to a common manifolded Tee 88. One set of balloons involves four
nested balloons while the other two sets each involves only a pair
of nested balloons. The crossover connections permit a wide variety
of combinations involving any one or group of balloons in one set
with those of another. Quite obviously the number of nested
balloons in any set as well as the number of sets may be increased
or decreased as desired and a wide variety of different
combinations and connections involving Tees, crossover conduits,
by-passes and the like may be provided.
* * * * *