U.S. patent number 3,692,064 [Application Number 04/884,443] was granted by the patent office on 1972-09-19 for fluid flow resistor.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Babcock and Witcox Ltd.. Invention is credited to Peter Hildebrand, Gunther Ernst Hohnerlein, Gunther Max Meinhart.
United States Patent |
3,692,064 |
Hohnerlein , et al. |
September 19, 1972 |
FLUID FLOW RESISTOR
Abstract
A resistor for mounting into the tube of a heat exchanger to
control the flow of fluid therethrough. The resistor is of unitary
construction and includes a stem having laterally extending
projections in the form of disk-like members spaced longitudinally
of the tube. A flow path is defined through the resistor by
providing an opening through each of the disk-like members with the
openings of adjacent members being offset circumferentially. An
alternate embodiment has the projections in the form of arcuate
partitions laterally extending to one side of the stem with
adjacent partitions being on opposite sides of the stem and
including openings through the stem therebetween.
Inventors: |
Hohnerlein; Gunther Ernst
(Dusseldorf, DT), Meinhart; Gunther Max (Oberhausen,
DT), Hildebrand; Peter (Wattenscheid, DT) |
Assignee: |
Babcock and Witcox Ltd.
(London, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
5715999 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/884,443 |
Filed: |
December 12, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Dec 12, 1968 [DT] |
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P 18 14 191.8 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
138/42;
138/38 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28F
13/12 (20130101); F22B 37/74 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F28F
13/12 (20060101); F22B 37/00 (20060101); F22B
37/74 (20060101); F28F 13/00 (20060101); F15d
001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;138/42,38,40 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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485,989 |
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Oct 1953 |
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IT |
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55,970 |
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Dec 1935 |
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NO |
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Primary Examiner: Ross; Herbert F.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a fluid flow circuit comprising a plurality of fluid flow
tubes arranged in spaced parallel flow relationship, means for
mounting a flow resistor in at least one of said tubes, the flow
resistor being of unitary construction and having a portion thereof
inserted within said tube, the resistor including a plurality of
flow restrictors equiaxially spaced longitudinally of said tube,
one of said restrictors being adjacent the resistor receiving end
of said tube and including a shoulder portion for substantially
closing said tube, a stem interconnecting the restrictors, the stem
being generally coaxial with said tube, the restrictors being
generally disposed normal to the stem and having a surface slidably
engaged with the inner surface of said tube, longitudinally
adjacent restrictors including the restrictor having the shoulder
portion cooperating with said inner surface to form chambers
therebetween and means defining a flow path through said one of
said restrictors and between said chambers for fluid communication
between the chambers and through said tube.
2. A fluid flow circuit according to claim 1 wherein each of the
restrictors is in the form of a cylindrical disc, each of discs
being generally coaxial with the stem and having a radial
cross-sectional area substantially equal to that of the bore of
said tube.
3. A fluid flow circuit according to claim 2 wherein the means
defining flow paths includes an opening formed through each of the
restrictors, the opening extending substantially parallel to said
stem.
4. A fluid flow circuit according to claim 3 wherein the openings
of successive restrictors are offset circumferentially of said tube
to form a tortuous flow path through said resistor.
5. A fluid flow circuit according to claim 3 wherein the opening is
in the form of a circumferentially notched groove of rectangular
cross-section.
6. In a fluid flow circuit according to claim 1 wherein said stem
is of generally rectangular axial cross-section, the stem extending
diametrically across the tube's bore and cooperating therewith to
form a pair of axial passageways, said restrictors being
alternately disposed between the passageways to form alternating
successive chambers therein, said successive chambers overlapping
one another.
7. In a fluid flow circuit according to claim 6 including each of
the endmost restrictors having at least one portion thereof formed
of a cylindrical disc, said cylindrical disc having a radial
cross-sectional area substantially equal to that of the bore of
said tube and each of the intermediate restrictors being formed of
a partial disc, said partial disc having a radial cross-sectional
area substantially equal to that of one of said passageways.
8. In a fluid flow circuit according to claim 7 wherein the means
defining flow paths includes an opening extending substantially
radially through the stem between each of said overlapping
chambers, and an opening formed through the cylindrical disc
portion of each of said endmost restrictors, said last named
opening extending substantially parallel to the stem.
9. In a fluid flow circuit according to claim 1 wherein said
resistor includes an end-threaded stub projecting from said
shoulder portion in a direction axial of the stem.
10. In a fluid flow circuit according to claim 8 wherein the means
for mounting said flow resistor includes a perforated plate member,
said stub passing through one of the perforations, a locknut
engaging the threaded-end of the stub to rigidly connect the flow
resistor to said plate member.
Description
It is known to design heat exchangers having a plurality of tubes
connected in parallel so that fluid supplied to a single inlet
flows therefrom in parallel through more than one flow path. A
particular form of such heat exchanger is a forced flow boiler.
Such boilers are designed to operate at predetermined normal loads
but it is obviously desirable that they be able to operate
satisfactorily at loads below these normal loads. When the load is
reduced below normal, there is a tendency for instability to occur
so that the rates of flow through all the flow paths cease to be
uniform and consistent. The occurrence of instability limits the
extent to which the load can be reduced however it has been found
that the introduction of throttles, or flow resistors, into the
fluid flow paths will lower the load level at which instability
occurs.
The present invention is concerned with resistors for use in the
tubes of heat exchangers that include a plurality of fluid flow
paths connected in parallel.
According to the invention, there is provided in a tube of a
plurality of tubes, connected in parallel in a heat exchanger, a
resistor including a stem extending axially of the tube and so
formed that fluid flowing through the resistor can flow from one
side of a plane extending through, and longitudinally of, the stem
to the other side of the plane at discrete locations spaced
longitudinally of the stem, and projections extending laterally
from the stem such as to permit flow from each location to the next
on one side of the plane while preventing flow between those
locations on the other side of the stem, the projections being so
disposed that flow between any two locations is permitted on one
side of the plane while flow between either of those locations and
the next is permitted on the other side of the plane.
According to the present invention, there is also provided a
resistor for restricting flow in a tube of a heat exchanger
providing a plurality of discs having the same axis and diameter as
each other and means connecting each disc rigidly to, but at a
distance from the next, each disc being provided with a passage
through which fluid can flow from one side of the disc to the
other, the passage with which any disc is provided being
diametrically opposite to the passage with which the, or either,
next adjacent disc is provided, and the means by which the discs
are each connected to the next being so formed as to provide a flow
path from each passage to the next.
Further the present invention provides a resistor for use as a flow
restrictor in a tube of a heat exchanger, providing a stem, a
plurality of arcuate partition members extending to one side of the
stem, and a plurality of arcuate partition members extending to the
other side of the stem, wherein the projectors on one side of the
stem are staggered relatively to the projections on the other side
of the stem, between each projection on one side of the stem and
the next projection on the other side of the stem, the stem is
provided with a passage extending from one side to the other, and
the opposite edges of the stem and the edges of the projections lie
on a right circular cylinder with the edge of each arc extending
from one edge of the stem to the other.
By way of example, embodiments of the invention will now be
described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
FIG. 1 is a side view of a unit including a resistor;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the unit shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side view, partly cut away, of another unit including a
resistor;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the unit shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an axial section of the feedwater inlet connection of a
heat exchanger provided with units as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and
2;
FIG. 6 is a detail of FIG. 5 on an enlarged scale; and
FIG. 7 is the detail shown in FIG. 6 modified by the substitution
of a unit as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
The unit shown in FIGS 1 and 2 is formed from a single piece of
metal. The lower part 1 that serves as a resistor is shaped to
provide four discs 2 all having the same axis and diameter. The
discs 2 are connected together, each at the same distance from the
next, by shanks 3 of smaller diameter than the discs 2. Each disc 2
is provided at its edge with a groove 4 extending from one side of
the disc to the other and the grooves on alternate disc are
displaced through 180.degree. from each other.
The disc 2 at one end of the resistor portion 1 is provided at its
outer end with an enlargement 5 in the form of a thinner disc of
larger diameter that acts as a shoulder. An extension 4a of the
groove 4 in the disc 2 that is provided with the enlargement 5
traverses the enlargement 5. Extending outwardly of the enlargement
5, co-axially with the disc 2 and shanks 3, is an externally
screw-threaded stub 6.
The use of the units illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is illustrated in
FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 shows the feed water inlet branch of a heat
exchanger used in a nuclear reactor. Feedwater is supplied from
inlet 14 to parallel tubes 11 that are fixed in tube plate 10.
Mounted parallel to the tube plate 10 by means of bolts 12 (see
FIG. 6) is an impact plate 7 and the impact plate 7 is apertured at
13 to permit the flow of water into a gap between the impact plate
7 and the tube plate 10 and thence into the tubes 11. A resistor 1
lies co-axially within the inlet end of each of the tubes 11. The
shoulder 5 associated with the resistor lies between the impact
plate 7 and the tube plate 10 to establish the gap between them and
nut 8 screwed on to the threaded stub 6 of each unit additionally
secures the unit to the impact plate 7.
Water supplied through the inlet 14 flows through the openings 13
and thence, through the resistors 1, into the tubes 11. In the
throttle, fluid flows through the recesses that extend across the
discs, flowing transversely of a shank 3 in passing from one recess
to the next.
The resistor 1 illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 is, in effect, a right
cylindrical rod of metal cut away to provide recesses 4' on
opposite sides of a central stem 3. The recesses 4' are all of the
same dimensions and, on each side of the stem 3', each recess 4' is
separated from the next by an arcuate projection 2'. The center of
any projection on one side of the stem 3' lies opposite the center
of a recess 4' on the other side of the stem 3'. At the ends of the
stem 3', are enlargements 22 of which the contours are the same as
those of the projection 2' but of which the lengths are greater.
The two projections 22 at the upper end of the resistor are
connected to an enlargement 5 and stub 6 similar to those shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2.
A recess 23 extends through the shorter of the two enlargements at
the upper end of the throttle and through the enlargement 5. A bore
24 extends through the lowermost projection 2' and openings 9
extend from one side of the stem 3' to the other, each opening 9
lying midway between a projection 2' on one side of the stem 3' and
the next adjacent projection 2' on the other side of the stem.
The resistor shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is mounted and used in a way
similar to the resistor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Fluid flows through
the recess 23 into the first of the recesses 4' and thence to each
of the other recesses 4' in turn, flowing through an opening 9 from
one side of the stem 3' to the other in passing from one recess 4'
to the next. The fluid escapes from the lowermost of the recesses
4' into the tube 11 through the opeing 24.
Fluid flowing through the resistors that have been described
changes direction several times and it has been found that the
resistors are not excessively prone to contamination so that a
fixed and reliable pressure drop is effected at full load by their
use. Welding is not used to fix them so that they would be
comparatively easily replaced to effect a different pressure drop
by others having different lengths or by others having different
spacings between the partitions. Since the resistors are fixed by
means other than welding they can be used in circumstances where
good welding access is not available and where tube diameter and
wall thicknesses are so small that welding is undesirable or
impracticable.
* * * * *