U.S. patent number 3,691,503 [Application Number 05/184,742] was granted by the patent office on 1972-09-12 for variable resistance resistor assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Carborundum Company. Invention is credited to James Battle, Richard A. Phillips.
United States Patent |
3,691,503 |
Battle , et al. |
September 12, 1972 |
VARIABLE RESISTANCE RESISTOR ASSEMBLY
Abstract
A variable resistance resistor assembly comprises as its central
component a resistance element in sheet form, which can be an ohmic
resistor, a thermistor having a positive or negative temperature
coefficient of resistivity, a varistor, or the like. One side of
the resistance element sheet is provided with a pair of terminal
electrodes, between which the resistance of the resistor assembly
is varied. On the opposite side of the resistance element sheet
there is provided a plurality of resistance variance electrodes,
which can be shorted out to vary the resistance of the resistor
assembly.
Inventors: |
Battle; James (Tonawanda,
NY), Phillips; Richard A. (Myrtle Beach, SC) |
Assignee: |
The Carborundum Company
(Niagara Falls, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22678151 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/184,742 |
Filed: |
September 29, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
338/95; 338/120;
338/201; 338/20; 338/22R; 338/22SD; 338/21; 338/191 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01C
10/08 (20130101); H01C 10/46 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01C
10/46 (20060101); H01C 10/08 (20060101); H01C
10/00 (20060101); H01c 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;338/77,92,95,120,185-194,198,200,201 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Myers; Lewis H.
Assistant Examiner: Tone; D. A.
Claims
I claim:
1. A variable resistance resistor assembly, comprising
1. a resistance element in sheet form;
2. a pair of terminal electrodes on a first side of said resistance
element sheet; and
3. a plurality of resistance variance electrodes on the opposite
side of said resistance element sheet.
2. A variable resistance resistor assembly according to claim 1,
comprising in addition means for closing electrical contact between
a pair of said resistance variance electrodes.
3. A variable resistance resistor assembly according to claim 2,
wherein said pair of resistance variance electrodes is permanently
electrically connected.
4. A variable resistance resistor assembly according to claim 2,
wherein said pair of resistance variance electrodes is temporarily
electrically connected.
5. A variable resistance resistor assembly according to claim 1,
comprising in addition at least one shunt resistance element, one
lead of which is permanently electrically connected to one terminal
electrode on the first side of said resistance element sheet.
6. A variable resistance resistor assembly according to claim 5,
comprising in addition means for closing electrical contact between
a second lead of said shunt resistance element and the second
terminal electrode on the first side of said resistance element
sheet.
7. A variable resistance resistor assembly according to claim 6,
wherein said second shunt resistor lead is permanently electrically
connected to said second terminal electrode.
8. A variable resistance resistor assembly according to claim 6,
wherein said second shunt resistance lead is temporarily
electrically connected to said second terminal electrode.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to variable resistance resistor assemblies.
As electronic equipment becomes more and more complicated, an
increasingly wide variety of resistance elements is needed. These
include the traditional or ohmic resistors, as well as such
elements as thermistors which change their resistance in response
to a change in temperature, either including resistance with
increasing temperature, in which case the thermistor is said to be
a positive temperature coefficient or PTC thermistor; or decreasing
their resistance with increasing temperature, in which case the
resistance element is said to be a negative temperature coefficient
or NTC thermistor. Another variety of resistor is the varistor,
which changes its resistance in response to a change in voltage. In
the varistor, the amount of current which flows through the
resistance element is nonlinear with respect to the applied
voltage.
All of these types of resistance elements are required in various
magnitudes, in order to produce electronic equipment. Furthermore,
the operation of some electrical equipment, such as the start-up of
a large electric motor, requires the use of variable components.
When a large electric motor is initially started, it cannot
tolerate a large current passing through its armature, lest the
armature becomes burned out through the generation of excessive
heat. After the motor is running, however, successively larger
amounts of current can be tolerated, and are needed to bring the
motor up to full speed. It is therefore customary in starting such
motors to utilize a decreasing resistance in series with the
armatures so that while the amount of current which flows through
the armature initially is small, after speed is built up to a
degree, the resistance can be removed in steps and the speed of the
motor can therefore be increased as the amount of current passing
through the armature increase. The opposite is true of the field
windings, which not only can tolerate but require large currents
initially to start the motor (to overcome inertia and friction by
using a larger starting torque). A PTC thermistor can be connected
in series with the field windings, so that an initial large rush of
current is produced. After the motor is turning, the current is
automatically reduced in the field windings because the resistance
in the PTC thermistor, in series with the field windings, has
increased.
An application for NTC thermistors is the extension of life of
filaments used in electric lamps. An NTC thermistor is connected in
series with the lamp filament so that the initially high resistance
of the NTC thermistor prevents an inrush of current through the
cold filament which is relatively low is resistance. As the
temperature of the lamp filament rises, so does its resistance; but
the resistance of the NTC thermistor drops. The sum of the
resistances of the filament and the NTC thermistor is therefore
always sufficient to prevent too much current from passing through
the filament; but the NTC thermistor has sufficiently low
resistance after warm up that it does not interfere with the
operation of the lamp.
Another application of the NTC thermistor is to provide temperature
compensation for an ordinary resistor which has a low, but
positive, temperature coefficient of resistivity. By connecting
these elements together, it is possible to provide a combination
which has a more nearly ohmic (linear) total resistance. For these
and other purposes, there is a need for resistor assemblies in
which the resistance can be easily and quickly varied, either
temporarily or permanently.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
These and other objects are provided with a variable resistance
resistor assembly, comprising in combination a resistance element
in sheet form, i.e., a resistance element sheet; a pair of terminal
electrodes on one side of the resistance element sheet; and a
plurality of resistance variance electrodes on the other side of
the resistance element sheet. The resistance variance electrodes
can be shorted out, either temporarily or permanently, to vary the
resistance of the resistor assembly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an end view of a variable resistance resistor assembly in
accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the variable resistance resistor assembly
of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a variable resistance resistor assembly
similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2, but comprising in addition
additional circuitry to increase the versatility of the resistor
assembly.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring again to the drawings, FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a first
embodiment of the present invention. Resistance element in sheet
form (i.e., resistance element sheet) 11 is the central component
of the variable resistance resistor assembly. Resistance element
sheet 11 is provided with a pair of terminal electrodes 12 and 13,
between which the resistance of the variable resistance resistor
assembly is varied. Terminal electrodes 12 and 13 are connected to
leads 14 and 15, respectively. On the opposite side of the
resistance element sheet 11, there is provided a plurality of
resistance variance electrodes 16-20. While the electrodes 16-20,
as illustrated, are each parallel to terminal electrodes 12 and 13,
this is only a preferred embodiment which gives greater uniformity,
since electrodes 16-20 can be arranged in other configurations as
well. For example, electrodes 16-20 can be replaced with small spot
electrodes on the side of the resistance element sheet 11 opposite
terminal electrodes 12 and 13.
Large numbers of variable resistance resistor assemblies in this
form can be stored and a variety of resistances can be produced
from the single type of resistor assembly at a later time as they
are needed. For example, if the resistance of resistance element
sheet 11 between electrodes 12 and 13 is ordinarily about 1,500
ohms and between electrodes 12 and 16 about 100 ohms, then the
resistance between electrodes 12 and 17 could be expected to be
about 400 ohms, between electrodes 17 and 18 about 350 ohms,
between electrodes 18 and 19 about 350 ohms, and between electrodes
19 and 13 about 400 ohms. By placing a permanent connection between
electrodes 16 and 20, a 200 ohm resistor can be easily prepared. By
placing a permanent connection between electrodes 16 and 17, and a
second permanent connection between leads 18 and 20, a permanent
resistance of about 550 ohms can be quickly prepared. The resistor
assembly can of course be used with no permanent leads between any
of electrodes 16-20, so that the full resistance of 1,500 ohms is
utilized.
Alternatively, and as illustrated in FIG. 1, the same variable
resistance resistor assembly can be provided with a plurality of
switch contacts 21-25, electrically connected to electrodes 16-20,
respectively. Switch 26 can then bridge the gap between switch
contact 21 and one of switch contacts, 22, 23, 24, or 25, so that
the resistance of the resistor assembly can be varied at will. In
addition, a dead switch contact 27 can be provided, so that the
full resistance of the resistor assembly can be utilized. If
desired, the movement of switch 26 can be controlled electrically,
remotely, and even varied regularly on a periodic basis, if
desired.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is illustrated a further embodiment
of the present invention, which utilizes supplemental circuitry to
provide a higher degree of flexibility of the variable resistance
resistor assembly. Shunt resistance elements 31-34 are each
provided with two leads, one of which is permanently electrically
connected to one terminal electrode 13 on the first side of the
resistance element sheet 11. The resistor assembly can be stored in
this condition for later utilization, and the remaining lead of one
or more of resistors 31-34 can be connected to the opposing
terminal 12 an the first side of resistance element sheet 11, if
desired. Alternatively, the second lead from each shunt resistance
element 31-34 can be connected to switch contacts 35-38,
respectivly. An additional switch contact 39 can be connected to
terminal electrode 12 on resistance element sheet 11. Switch 40 can
then be utilized to provide a supplementary path for electrons to
flow between terminal electrode 12 and terminal electrode 13, so
that one of shunt resistance elements 31--34 is connected in
parallel with the effective resistance of resistance element sheet
11. Dead switch contact 41 can be utilized in the event that it is
desired to provide no such alternate electron path. Each of switch
contacts 35-39 and 41 are, of course, insulated from resistance
element sheet 11, except as indicated.
Switches 26 and 40 can be moved independently, to provide a wide
variety of different net resistances between terminal electrode 12
and terminal electrode 13, or these two switches 26 and 40 can be
provided with a common switching mechanism so that switches 26 and
40 are moved at the same time. This could particularly be the case
if the resistance materials of resistance element sheet 11 and
shunt resistance element 31-34 are of a different nature. For
example, resistance element sheet 11 could be a thermistor
material, and shunt resistance elements 31-34 could be traditional
ohmic resistors. Assuming shunt resistance elements 31-34 have
successively smaller resistances, switches 26 and 40 could then be
arranged to move together from switch contacts 22 and 35,
respectively, to switch contacts 23 and 36, respectively, to switch
contacts 24 and 37, respectively, and finally to switch contacts 25
and 38, respectively, so that the same balance between thermistor
resistance and ohmic resistance is maintained, even though the
total resistance is successively made less and less as each
progressive switch contact is made.
The variable resistance resistor assemblies of the present
invention are of great utility in building up an inventory of
similar electronic components which can be easily converted to a
wide variety of different electronic components, which reduces the
number of separate individual inventory items which must be
maintained in order to provide a relatively large variety of
resistance elements. Alternatively, by use of switches such as
switches 26 and 40, the resistance of a given resistor assembly can
be varied periodically for such applications as attenuators to vary
power output.
* * * * *