U.S. patent number 3,689,748 [Application Number 05/109,680] was granted by the patent office on 1972-09-05 for pneumatic multiplexer method and apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Mobil Oil Corporation. Invention is credited to Ralph Edward Bothne.
United States Patent |
3,689,748 |
|
September 5, 1972 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
PNEUMATIC MULTIPLEXER METHOD AND APPARATUS
Abstract
A computer controls a multiposition valve so that a plurality of
pneumatic signals are sequentially scanned and passed through the
valve to a pressure to electric transducer. The computer then
stores the output from the transducer. A time delay unit is
provided to prevent the computer from reading the early portion of
each new transducer output. At the end of a scan of the pneumatic
signals, a selector unit permits selective monitoring of one or
several of the pneumatic signals. Pneumatic regulators are
connected to the valve to provide calibration signals to the
computer and a relay interface is provided to isolate the computer
from the internal voltage of the valve circuitry.
Inventors: |
Ralph Edward Bothne
(Bellingham, WA) |
Assignee: |
Mobil Oil Corporation
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22328959 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/109,680 |
Filed: |
January 25, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
702/33; 235/200R;
137/625.41; 73/1.61 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G05B
15/02 (20130101); Y10T 137/86823 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
G05B
15/02 (20060101); G06F 17/00 (20060101); G01l
027/00 (); G01l 009/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;235/151.1,151,151.3
;318/601 |
Other References
"Pressure Scanners in Process Control" by H.C. Hunt, Instruments
and .
Control Systems Dec. 1967 .
"Interface with IBM 1800 Computer", Scanivalve Applications No. 3,
Dec. .
1967.
|
Primary Examiner: Eugene G. Botz
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Oswald G. Hayes Donald L. Dickerson
James F. Powers, Jr.
Claims
1. In a system for monitoring a plurality of pneumatic signals, the
combination comprising: multiplexing means including a
multiposition valve for sequentially passing said pneumatic
signals; a pneumatic to electric transducer connected to said valve
for generating electrical analog signals representative of said
pneumatic signals passed by said multiplexing means; a computer
operatively connected to said transducer and comprising: means
including a capacitor for temporarily storing said electrical
analog signals, means for converting said electrical analog signals
to digital signals, means for transferring said electrical analog
signals from said capacitor to said converting means, and memory
means operatively connected to said converting means for storing
digital signals representative of said pneumatic signals; and means
interconnecting said multiplexing means and said computer for
delaying operation of said transferring means for a predetermined
time interval of sufficient duration to permit each of said
electrical analog signals temporarily stored on said capacitor to
attain a steady state
2. The system of claim 1 further including means for providing at
least two references pneumatic signals having predetermined values
to said valve, and wherein said computer includes programming means
for (1) generating a slope of a linear curve in response to the
predetermined values of said reference pneumatic signals and the
electrical signals generated by said transducer in response to said
reference pneumatic signals, and (2) generating in response to said
slope correction factors for said electrical signals representative
of the values of said monitored
3. The system of claim 1 further including: encoder means connected
to said multiplexing means for generating a signal representative
of the pneumatic signal being passed, signal selection means
connected to said encoder means and to said computer and responsive
to a signal representative of a desired pneumatic signal generated
by said computer for indicating in a first state correspondence
between said pneumatic signal being passed and said desired
pneumatic signal and indicating in a second state noncorrespondence
between said pneumatic signal being passed and said desired
pneumatic signal, and said multiplexing means being responsive to
said signal selection means in said first state for passing said
desired pneumatic signal for a predetermined period of time, and
being responsive to said signal selection means in said second
state for stepping said valve until said
4. The system of claim 1 wherein said multiposition valve has a
predetermined operating range defined by P'.sub.a and P'.sub.b
where P'.sub.b >P'.sub.a ,further comprising means for supplying
a home reference pneumatic signal P.sub.h , P'.sub.a >P.sub.h,
to said valve to
5. The system of claim 1 wherein said home reference pneumatic
signal is at
6. The system of claim 1 further comprising: means for applying two
predetermined reference pneumatic signals, P.sub.a and P.sub.b,
P.sub.B >P.sub.a, to said multiposition valve, said multiplexing
means having a predetermined pneumatic input operating range
defined by P'.sub.a and P'.sub.b , where P'.sub.b >P'.sub.a ,
P.sub.a >P'.sub.a and P'.sub.b >P.sub.b ', said computer
comprising programming means for: generating a signal representing
the slope of a linear curve as defined by
(V.sub.b -V.sub.a)/( P.sub.b -P.sub.a) wherein: V.sub.a and V.sub.b
represent the voltage values of the reference pneumatic signals
generated by the transducer, and P.sub.a and P.sub.b represent the
predetermined pressures of the reference pneumatic signals,
generating signals A and B representing the y-coordinates of points
on said linear curve having x-coordinates of P'.sub.a and P'.sub.b
, generating a correction signal, C, for each of said signals, E,
representative of the values of the monitored pnuematic signals,
each of said correction signals, C, being defined by
(E-A/B-A) .times. 100 wherein: E represents the voltage value of
the transducer electrical signal representative of the monitored
pneumatic signal, and A and B are the y-coordinates, and correcting
each of said signals E in accordance with the corresponding
correction signal C prior to storage in said memory means.
Description
The present invention relates to a pneumatic multiplexer system for
monitoring a plurality of pneumatic signals. More particularly, the
present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for
selectively controlling and for calibrating pneumatic multiplexer
system.
In the monitoring of a plurality of pneumatic signals, it is
conventional to multiplex the signals through a multiposition valve
connected to a single pressure to electric transducer. The output
signals of the transducer serially represent the pneumatic signals.
The transducer is operatively connected to a computer which logs
the transducer output signals.
Available pneumatic multiplexing systems perform their normal
scanning function very rapidly. These systems have a continuous
scanning speed of six pneumatic signals per second. Therefore, a
valve having 60 ports will require only ten seconds to complete its
scanning mode. Where six or even 12 of these valves are coordinated
in a single system to transmit signals to a computer, only 1 or 2
minutes will be required for a complete sampling of all pneumatic
signals. In many systems, in view of the enormous number of
sampling points, it has been found convenient to sample pneumatic
signals every 5 or more minutes. For such processes the monitoring
system would therefore be inactive for a relatively long period of
time.
Further, the early portion of each pneumatic to electric signal is
not accurate. Available systems do not contemplate this problem and
permit the inaccuracy to be passed to the computer.
A still further problem in known available systems is providing
means for calibrating the signals to the computer.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention there is
provided a method and a system for utilizing the system during its
normally inactive period by selecting desired pneumatic
signals.
The present invention provides a method of monitoring a plurality
of pneumatic signals that are sequentially sensed at a plurality of
ports. First and second signals are generated representative of a
desired pneumatic signal and the pneumatic signal being sensed,
respectively. The first and second signals are compared, and a
third signal is generated to sense the desired signal when there is
correspondence between the first and second signals.
Further, the present invention provides a system for monitoring a
plurality of pneumatic signals comprising a pneumatic to electric
transducer interconnecting a multiposition pneumatic valve means
and computer means. Encoder means also operatively interconnect the
valve means and the computer means. The computer means generates a
signal representative of a desired pneumatic signal and the encoder
means generates a signal representative of the pneumatic signal
being sensed by the transducer. When there is correspondence
between these signals, means generate a further signal that is
effective to provide the desired pneumatic signal at the
transducer.
Thus, the present invention provides a method and a system for
displaying or trend logging of a desired signal during those times
when the monitoring system would normally be inactive.
The present invention also provides a method of monitoring a
plurality of pneumatic signals wherein the pneumatic signals are
passed to corresponding ports in a multiplexing valve. The ports
are sequentially scanned and electrical signals representative of
the scanned pneumatic signal are generated. The passage of the
electrical signal to a storage means is prevented for a
predetermined period of time substantially corresponding to the
time length of the inaccurate portion of each electrical
signal.
Further, the present invention provides a system for monitoring a
plurality of pneumatic signals wherein a pneumatic to electric
transducer operatively interconnects a multiposition pneumatic
valve means and computer means. Encoder means are also provided to
operatively interconnect the valve means and the computer means.
Means are provided to prevent the passage of at least the
inaccurate portion of each electrical signal.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is
provided a method and means for calibrating the electrical signals
to the computer means.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic multiplier system in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multiposition valve;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit interconnecting the
transducer and the computer shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows the time delay for a capacitor in the RC multiplex
circuit of the computer to reach a steady state condition;
FIG. 5 shows a circuit to provide a sufficient delay to permit a
capacitor in the RC multiplex circuit of the computer to reach a
steady state condition;
FIG. 6 shows a relay interface to isolate the computer from the
voltage of the valve circuitry;
FIGS. 7A and 7B show a logic flow diagram for a normal scan mode of
operating the system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows a logic flow diagram for a random select mode of
operating the system in accordance with an aspect of the present
invention;
FIG. 9 shows a logic flow diagram for calibrating the system in
accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
An illustrative embodiment of the present invention will now be
described with reference to FIG. 1. A process or plant such as a
refinery emits a plurality of pneumatic signals 1 representative of
temperature, pressure, flow rate or other variables in the process
or plant. The pneumatic signals are transmitted to ports (not
shown) in a multiposition valve 2. In a normal scan mode, a step
motor 4 actuates the valve 2 to sequentially connect each port to a
pneumatic to electric transducer 5. A position encoder 3 senses the
position of the valve 2 and provides a signal 22 representative
thereof. A computer 6 is operatively connected to the system to
receive signals 23, 22 from the transducer 5 via buffer amplifier 7
and from the encoder 3. The computer 6 provides signals to a relay
interface 8 which in turn actuates the step motor 4. The valve 2,
encoder 3, motor 4, transducer 5 and computer 6 are conventional
hardware. For example, the multiposition valve 2, the encoder 3 and
motor 4 comprise a unit sold by Scanivalve Inc., San Diego, Calif.
under Model No. SSS-64 CMB/BINY/SLSN 250 /CAB. Multiple units are
also available under Model No. MSS 12-64 CMB/BINY/12 LSN 400 /CAB.
A wide variety of suitable computers are useful in this invention,
an example of which is the IBM 1800 computer.
The system of FIG. 1 also has a random select mode capacity. A
selector unit 9 permits the selection of any pneumatic input signal
for display or trend logging. If the select mode is disabled, for
example, while the system is in the normal scan mode, the computer
6 will store the selection and return to the selection when the
computer 6 receives an indication from the encoder 3 that the valve
2 has completed a normal scan mode. The computer then gives a
binary output switch closure 20 to the selector unit 9
corresponding to the selected port. The output 17 of the selector
unit 9 slews the step motor 4 at approximately 50 ports/second. The
selector unit 9 comprises circuit means for performing a logical
"AND And" function with the output 19 of the encoder 3 and the
binary port selection 20 from the computer 6 when the valve 2
reaches the desired port. The "And" function circuit then provides
an output 17 to stop the motor 4.
Since the system may be subject to drift, calibration means 10, 11,
21 are provided. The calibration means comprises sources of two
pneumatic reference signals 10, 11 which are preferably in the
order of 3.5 and 14.5 psi, and a source of pressurized air 21
connected to the reference signal source 10, 11. The reference
signals are applied to reference ports, e.g. Nos. 47 and 48. Since
these signals are unique to the reference ports, they may be used
to calibrate the transducer 5 and to check the encoder 3 output for
proper system sequence. These reference signals may be regulated by
Nullmatic pressure regulators Model No. 40-30 manufactured by Moore
Products Co., Spring House, Pa. that are manifolded to the ports of
the valve 2.
Thus, the reference signals give the computer 6 the opportunity to
compare the reference signals to the transducer output signal, and
thereby determine the total accuracy of the system.
By reading the 3.5 psi and the 14.5 psi reference signals, the
computer 6 can also determine the slope of a curve defined by the
voltage outputs from amplifier 7 plotted against the reference
signal values, i.e.
Any drift in slope reading will provide the basis for correction
due to power supply drift, transducer characteristic changes or
amplifier drift 7 occurring during the interval between a normal
scan mode.
A suitable model sold by Scanivalve Inc. is schematically shown in
FIG. 2 wherein elements equivalent to elements of FIG. 1 have the
same reference numerals. A panel 30 has 64 1/4-inch input pressure
fittings (not shown) on the back side of the panel 30. Each
pressure source to be measured is connected to one of the 64 input
pressure fittings one-sixteenth-inch vinyl tubes 31 are provided to
interconnect the input pressure fittings and a valve pneumatic
connector 32.
The vinyl tubes 31 are uniformly spaced around the circumference of
the valve connector 32. A rotor 33 is driven from the bottom of the
valve 2 to sequentially connect one of the 64 inputs to a single
center port (not shown) within the valve 2. A pressure to electric
transducer is installed within the valve 2 in pressure
communication with the center port. A compatible transducer is made
by Statham Instruments Inc., Los Angeles, Calif., No.
PL131PC-15-350 per spec. 16544.
The step motor 4 drives a timing belt 34 by way of a sprocket 35.
The belt 34 in turn drives a sprocket 36 that is connected to the
valve rotor 33. Thus, each step of the motor 4 advances the valve
one port. This drive system may advance the valve 2 at high rates,
e.g., at 50 ports/second.
A second timing belt 37 is mounted about the valve sprocket 36 and
a position encoder sprocket 38 to drive the encoder sprocket 38 at
1:1 ratio and thereby track the port position of the valve 2.
The position encoder 3 provides a digital output code by 64
magnetically operated reed switches (not shown) arranged around the
circumference of a circle. A rotary arm (not shown) within the
encoder 3 carries a permanent magnet which is capable of actuating
the reed switch in its immediate vicinity. A rotor 38 interconnects
the rotary arm and the encoder sprocket 38 so that the magnet
actuates a different reed switch for each one of the 64 pneumatic
signals. A resistor matrix (not shown) within the encoder 3 is
connected to the reed switches to provide a decimal or binary code
indicative of the closed switch and in turn representative of the
pneumatic signal being monitored.
The valve 2, transducer 5, amplifier 8 and computer 6 of FIG. 1 is
shown in more detail in FIG. 3. The transducer 5 comprises a strain
gauge 41 which may be a model PL-131TC sold by Statum Inc. The
strain gauge 41 may comprise strain sensitive resistance wire
elements which are arranged in a form of a Wheatstone bridge. The
strain gauge 41 rests on a diaphragm (not shown) within a cavity
formed within transducer 5. One side of the diaphragm is opened to
a reference pressure, for example, the atmosphere. The other side
of the diaphragm is in pressure communication with the particular
pressure port being monitored by the valve 2. When there is a
pressure differential across the diaphragm, the diaphragm bows to
cause an unbalancing of the strain gauge 41 thereby producing a
voltage output that is representative of the pressure input.
With reference to FIG. 3, the strain gauge 41 is biased by a bridge
power supply 42. The power supply 42 which may be of the order of 5
volts and 200 milliamps is connected across terminals 43,44. The
other two terminals 45,46 of the strain gauge 41 are connected to
the buffer amplifier 7. The buffer amplifier 7 is connected to a RC
circuit 50 comprising resistors 51,52 and capacitor 53 within the
computer 6. To simplify FIG. 3, only one strain gauge and buffer
amplifier is shown connected to the computer. However, a plurality
of valves 2 may be required to monitor a process or a plant such as
a refinery. In this case, the number of inputs to the computer 6
would correspond to the number of valves. Two additional RC
circuits 54,55 are shown in FIG. 3, but the number of RC circuits
required is determined by the number of valves needed to monitor
the process or plant.
A plurality of RC circuits for reception of a plurality of inputs
is a common way for multiplexing input data to the memory bank of a
computer. For example, the IBM 1800 uses a RC multiplexing
method.
The several RC circuits 50, 54, 55 are multiplexed to an amplifier
56 by relays 57, 58, 59 which are actuated by computer command
signals to swing contact terminals 60, 61, 62 from the position
shown in FIG. 3 to the contact points to the right of the terminals
such that the capacitors 53, 70, 71 are connected to the amplifier
56 in a sequential manner. For example, contact terminals 60 move
from points 63, 64 to points 65, 66. An analog to digital converter
65, is provided within the computer 6 to interconnect amplifier 56
and a memory unit 66 in the computer 6. The program for the
computer 6 determines the particular memory cell each capacitor
reading is stored. The program also determines the sequential
operation of the relays 57, 58, 59 to feed the amplified output of
the transducers to the amplifier 56 of the computer 6.
A problem in the RC circuit means for multiplexing computer inputs
is that there is a time delay before the capacitor has a potential
there across that is representative of the particular pneumatic
signal being monitored. The IBM 1800 computer generally has RC
networks which comprise resistors of the order of 1,000 ohms and
capacitors in the order of 330 microfarads. Therefore, the RC
circuit of the IBM 1800 would require 660 milliseconds for the
capacitor to charge to 63 of the steady state value. It can
therefore be seen that it would require approximately five time
constants or 3.3 seconds to insure that a RC network reaches its
steady state condition. Further, the Statham Instruments, Inc.
strain gage 41 discussed hereinabove has an output impedance of
approximately 350 ohms. The strain gage 41 impedance adds to the
delay in reaching a steady state condition.
To improve multiplexing capacity of the IBM 1800 computer, the time
constant of the RC circuits may be lowered, for example by
providing 49 ohm resistors and 100 microfarad capacitors in the RC
circuits 50, 54, 55. However, the Scanivalve, Inc. model and
Statham Instruments, Inc. gage discussed hereinabove provides a
10-50 millivolt output range for a preferred 5 to 15 psi monitoring
range. Thus, the lowering of the time constant decreases the signal
to noise ratio to an unexceptable level. To overcome this problem,
a buffer amplifier 7 is provided between the strain gage 41 output
and the RC input to the computer to raise the voltage output range
to 1 to 5 volts for the preferred 3 to 15 psi operating range. A
suitable buffer amplifier is one that will drive an RC filter with
20 ohm series resistance and 80 microfarad capacitor such that the
voltage across the capacitor will be within 0.1 percent of steady
state condition within 140 milliseconds after the beginning of the
input to the amplifier. The buffer amplifier should also be capable
of bringing 100 ohm series resistors and a 10 microfarad capacitor
circuits to within one tenth of 1 percent of the steady state
condition within 100 milliseconds.
As shown by the curve of FIG. 4, a buffer amplifier meeting the
foregoing specification in combination with the Rc circuit 50
having 49 ohm resistors and a 100 microfarad capacitor will provide
a steady state condition on the capacitor 53 in approximating 65
milliseconds.
FIG. 4 provides a plot of voltage in digital counts on the
capacitor 53 versus time measured in milliseconds. The early
portion of the curve indicated by A represents a pressure reading
of 3.5 pounds per square inch measured at one of the pressure
ports, e.g. No. 47, of the valve 2. At zero time the valve is
stepped to a pressure port, e.g. No. 48, having a pressure of 14.5
pounds per square inch. The stepping motor 4 takes a period of time
to complete its stepping operation. The stepping motor 4 of the
Scanivalve, Inc. model described with reference to FIG. 2, requires
approximately 30 milliseconds to complete its operation. After the
valve 2 has been stepped to the port having a 14.5 pounds per
square inch pressure there is a time lag during which the capacitor
53 of the RC circuit 50 within the computer 6 is being charged to a
steady state, value C which indicates the 14.5 reading. As shown by
the curve, the total response time is approximately 95 milliseconds
from the actuation of the stepping motor 4.
A rundown timer circuit 18 to delay actuation of the relays 57, 58,
59 is shown in FIG. 1 interconnecting the motor 4 and the computer
6. FIG. 5 shows a circuit to provide a 30 to 150 millisecond delay
to permit the capacitors 53, 70, 71 within the computer to reach
their steady state condition. Normally closed contacts 80 are
connected to the computer 6. The computer 6 is programmed to close
the RC network relay 57 when the contacts 80 are opened. When the
motor 4 is running, a switch 81 is closed to thereby charge a
capacitor 82 through a diode 99 by a power supply 85. After the
motor 4 completes its stepping operation, approximately 30
milliseconds, the switch 81 is opened and the capacitor 82
discharges through a time delay relay 83 and a variable resistor
84. The time constant of the RC network comprising the capacitor
82, the relay 83 and the variable resistor 84 is fixed such that
relay 83 holds contacts 80 in the open position for a period of
30-150 milliseconds after the switch 81 is opened. Therefore, the
computer 6 will not actuate the RC network relays 57, 58, 59 for a
period of approximately 60-180 milliseconds depending upon the time
constant of the RC network shown in FIG. 5. A time delay relay
suitable for the practice of the present invention is sold by
Potter and Brumfield, Division of AMF Company, Princeton, Ind.
under Catalog No. CDD-21-30003 . This particular time delay relay
is capable of providing a delay of 100 to 150 milliseconds.
To provide a reference from which the valve 2 begins its scan, one
port, e.g. No. 64, is designated home port. Since the preferred
operating pressure range is between 3 and 15 pounds per square
inch, it is necessary to provide a pressure at the home port that
is outside of the operating range. A high pressure, e.g. 20 pounds
per square inch would cause a hysteresis effect as the valve 2 is
stepped from home port to the first monitoring port. Specifically,
it would take the transducer diaphragm a measurable amount of time
to relax after being at the elevated pressure. To avoid a
hysteresis effect, the home port should preferably be opened to
atmosphere such that the transducer output would be zero.
FIG. 6 shows the circuit of the relay interface 8 between the
computer 6 and the motor 4 which isolates the computer from the
internal voltage of the valve circuitry. When a home switch 86 is
closed within the computer, current flows from a power supply 90
through relay 87 to close contacts 88. Closure of contacts 88 sets
flip-flop 89 by means of a 1.5 volt power supply in the above
described Scanivalve, Inc. valve 2. When the flip-flop 89 is set
the motor will run the valve 2 until encoder 3 reads home port,
e.g. No. 64. Upon reading home port, the encoder 3 resets the
flip-flop 89 to stop the motor 4. The power supply 90 of the
computer 6 is also impressed across an RC circuit 91 comprising
resistor 92 and capacitor 93. The resistor 92 in the RC circuit 91
delays the voltage impressed across the capacitor 93 and the relay
94 to momentarily prevent actuation of the relay 94. The RC circuit
91 need only provide a short delay, e.g. 2 milliseconds, before a
sufficient charge is developed across the capacitor 93 to actuate
relay 94. When relay 94 is actuated it opens normally closed
contacts 95 to remove the 1.5 volt power supply from the flip-flop
89 to thereby permit a signal from the encoder 3 to reset the
flip-flop 89 when the valve 2 is on home port.
A step switch 96 is also provided with the computer 6. When the
step switch 96 is closed, the power supply 90 actuates relay 97 to
thereby close contacts 98. Closure of contacts 98 impresses the 1.5
volt power supply on the motor 4 to initiate a step cycle in the
motor of the valve 2. The motor 4 will then turn a predetermined
fraction of a complete cycle. For example, the Scanivalve, Inc.
model described hereinabove will turn one-fiftieth of a cycle.
An example of a normal scan mode of operating the system will now
be described with reference to the logic flow char shown in FIGS.
7A and 7B. In this example a plurality of valves start a scan of
their respective ports Nos. 1 to 12 at the beginning each one
minute interval, and at the beginning of the fifth minute plurality
of valves begin a scan of their respective ports Nos. 1 to 48.
With reference to FIG. 7A, the program is entered 101 and the
indicator, INDIC, 102 priorly set to position 3 causes the computer
to carry out the function designated by open home contacts 112. The
home contacts that are opened during this function are the home
contacts in the relay interface 8. Next, the subroutine calls for
reading of all encoders 113. The home ports should be port No. 64
on each valve and are preferably vented to atmosphere to provide a
zero reading. If the computer does not read the home port by
sensing the encoder output, the failure to read is recorded by
setting the proper bit in the encoder fail word 115, and all valves
are stepped to port No. 1 116. If the encoders read on the home
ports, the valves are set to port No. 1 116. The set return
indicator (INDIC) 102 is set to 1 and call timer 118 which provides
a rundown time of 112 ms. The 112 ms is an arbitrary delay to
provide the transfer of port No. 1 information to the memory of the
computer. Then, call INTEX 119 to exit the program and return
control to the computer. At the end of 112 ms, the computer will
enter 101 the subroutine.
Indicator 102 is now in the 1 position and causes the computer to
carry out the function designated by open stepping contacts 103.
The contacts that are open during this function are the stepping
contacts in the relay interface 8. The motor 4 automatically stops.
To restart the motor 4, the stepping contacts in the relay
interface 8 must open and then close. The rundown timers are then
read 104. The contacts are then checked to insure that they are all
closed 105. If no, set proper bit in timer fail word 106 to record
the failure and continue the subroutine by reading all valves 107.
If all the contacts are closed 105, the subroutine moves directly
to read all valves 107. The return indicator 108, INDIC, is set to
2 and a port counter is incremented 109 to record the number of
ports that have been read. A 72 ms timer is called 110 to provide
sufficient time to read the valves. For example, the IBM 1800
computer requires 10 ms to read each valve and has rundown timers
that may be set in increments in only 8 ms. Thus, if the computer
is monitoring seven valves, the rundown timer must be set to 72 ms
to provide sufficient time to read the valves. Next, call INTEX 111
to exit the program and return control to the computer. At the end
of 72 ms, the computer will enter 101.
Since the indicator, INDIC, is now set to 2 the computer carrier
out the functions to the right of INDIC 102 by setting return
indicator 120, INDIC, to 1. The port values just read are moved to
IADC 121. IADC indicates the permanent storage to which the port
values are transferred from a temporary storage within the
computer. They go to ISCAN function 122 is then carried out. When
ISCAN is set to 1 the computer will check to determine whether the
1 minute scan is completed 123. Should the 1 minute scan not be
completed, the valves are stepped 123. A 112 ms rundown timer is
called 125 to permit the transfer of port readings to the temporary
storage within the computer. Then, call INTEX 126 to exit the
program and to enter 101 the subroutine at the end of 112 ms.
If the 1 minute scan is completed 123, the IADC index is reset 127
(FIG. 7B) to condition the computer for the beginning of the next
scan. All encoders are read 128 and the go to ISCAN function 129 is
carried out. If on the 1 minute scan which comprises a 12 port
check, the encoder is monitored 130 to determine whether all valves
are on port No. 12. If the valves are all not on port No. 12, the
failure is recorded by setting the proper bit in encoder fail word
131 and the routine is continued by sending all valves home 132 by
closing the home contacts in the computer. If all the valves are on
port 12 130, the valves are also sent to home 132.
After a 1 minute scan of 12 ports go to ISCAN 133 is stepped to
initialize other variables 134. For example the port counters are
returned to 0 and INDIC is reset to 3. Then, call levels (8) 135 to
obtain desired program for monitoring the limits of the values
read. Next call INTEX 136 to exit the program and return control to
the computer.
The above subroutine program will be run four times to obtain the 1
minute scans which comprise 12 ports. At the end of the four 1
minute scans the five minute scan program is entered. The routine
is the same for the 5 minute scan until go to ISCAN 122 which is
set such that a check is made to determine whether the 5 minute
scan is completed 137. If the 5 minute scan, e.g. 48 ports has not
been completed then all valves are stepped 124, call rundown timer
of 112 ms 125 and call INTEX 126 to exit program and return at the
end of 112 ms to enter 101. If the 5 minute scan 137 is completed
then reset IADC index 127 to condition the computer for the
beginning of the next scan. Then read all encoders 128, go to ISCAN
129 which is set to determine whether all valves are on port 48
138. If all valves are not on port 48 record the failure by setting
the proper bit in encoder fail word 139 and send all valves home
132. If all valves are on port 48 138, send all valves home 132.
During the 5 minute scan go to ISCAN 133 is set to determine
whether any encoders failed 140. If any encoders failed, save fail
words 141 by transferring such indication to permanent storage, and
initialize the fail words 142 and other variables 143. The other
variables include returning the port word to zero and resetting
INDIC to 3. Next call QUEUE 143 which is an error analyzing
program. The call ENDTS 144 to end time sharing to insure that the
QUEUE is executed. At the end of the error analyzing program,
control will be returned to the computer.
If no encoders failed 140 then check to determine whether the
timers failed 145. If no time is failed 145 then determine whether
the reference ports are within limits 146. If the reference ports
are within limits 146 then initialize fail words 147, e.g. timer
fail word 106 and encoder fail word 115. Then initialize other
variables 134, call level (8) 135 and call INTEX 136 as discussed
above.
If any timers failed 145 or if the reference ports are not within
limits 146, then save fail words 141, initalize fail words 142,
initialize other variables 142, call QUEUE error analyzer 143 and
call ENDTS 144 as discussed hereinabove.
FIG. 8 shows a subroutine program for the random select mode of
operation. A job scheduling program calls enter 301 to begin the
subroutine. INDIC 302 is set to 1 to decode the instrument point
303 to determine which valve and port corresponds to the specified
instrument to be read. Then a random select command corresponding
to the valve and port to be read is given 304 and a 1.3 second
timer is called 305. Then indicator, INDIC, is set 306 to 2. At the
end of 1.3 seconds, the computer will re-enter the program at enter
301. Since INDIC 302 is now set to 2, read the rundown timer
contact in the valve 307. If the rundown timer contact is not
closed 308 give stop command to stop the motor 309 and set
indicator 310, INDIC, to 4. Loop counter 1 is incremented 311 and a
112 ms timer is called 312 to provide time to insure that the valve
rundown timer has an opportunity to rundown and close the valve
timer contact. Then call INTEX 313 and re-enter the program 301 at
the end of 112 ms. Since INDIC, 302 is now set to 4, the computer
will again read the valve rundown timer contact 314 to determine
whether it is closed 315. If the timer contact is not closed, then
check loop counter 1 to determine whether the timer contact has
been read twice 316. If the timer has been checked twice, then
notify the operator that he can not get his information 317 and
notify the supervisor that a valve requires attention 318 and
initialize all indicators and counters 319, for example reset loop
counters to zero and return INDIC 302 to 1. Then call INTEX 320 to
return control to the computer. If the loop counter check 316
indicates that the rundown timer contact has not been checked
twice, then repeat the portion of the subroutine program beginning
at give stop command 309.
If the rundown timer contact of the valve is closed 315, then send
the valve home 136 and record the failure by setting the proper bit
in fail word 317. Also set indicator, INDIC, 301 to 1 318, and call
error analyzing program 319. Initialize all indicators and counters
320, e.g. the loop counters are set to zero and the indicator,
INDIC, is returned to 1. Then call ENDTS 321 to end time sharing of
the programer, thereby insuring that the error analyzing program is
executed. At the end of the error analyzing program, control will
be returned to the computer.
If the first reading of the valves rundown timer contact 307
indicates that it is closed, then read the encoder 322. If the
valve is on the correct port 323, read the valve 324 and call a 10
ms timer 325 to provide the necessary time for the computer to
complete the reading. Step return indicator 326 to 3 and call INTEX
327. At the end of 10 ms, the computer will re-enter the program
301. Since the indicator, INDIC, 302 is now set to 3, convert the
digital values to engineering units 328 and send reference to the
operator, for example in the refinery control room 329. The valve
is then sent home 330 and the indicator, INDIC, 302 is set 331 to
1. Next call INTEX to exit the program and return control to the
computer 332. If the read encoder function 322 does not indicate
that the valve is on the correct port 323, then increment loop
counter No. 2 333 and if loop counter indicates that the loop has
been tried only once 334, re-enter the program at give random
select command 304. If loop counter No. 2 indicates that the loop
has been tried twice, set bit in fail word 335 to record the
failure and re-enter the program at set return indicators 318 to
1.
A calibration routine is shown in FIG. 9 upon entering the routine
208, the calibration ports Nos. 47 and 48, are called 201 and read.
The port values are subtracted 202 to provide K. Then, a new slope,
m, is calculated 203 by dividing K by 11 . The 11 value is
determined by subtracting the pressures at the two pressure
regulators i.e., 14.5-3.5= 11 . Then a new y intercept is
calculated 204, i.e., y intercept = b = Port No. 47 reading -
K3.5/11.
Next new y coordinates on a line defined by the above calculated
slope, m, and y intercept, b are calculated 205 for the 3 and 15
psig signals. 3 psig y coordinate =K3/11 + [Port 47-(K3.5/11)] 15
psig y coordinate =K15/11 + [Port 47-(K3.5/11)]
The y coordinates for the 3 and 15 psig signals are stored as A and
B 206.
Then, a percent of scale correction for each measured signal is
computed 207 as follows and the measured signal is corrected
accordingly.
Then call ENDTS 209 to exit program and return control to the
computer.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above
described embodiments are exemplary and that they are susceptible
of modification and variation without departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not deemed to
be limited except as it is defined in the following claims.
* * * * *