U.S. patent number 3,687,538 [Application Number 05/173,889] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-29 for apparatus for exposing latent image margins in electrophotographic copying apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Xerox Corporation. Invention is credited to Seiji Matsumoto.
United States Patent |
3,687,538 |
Matsumoto |
August 29, 1972 |
APPARATUS FOR EXPOSING LATENT IMAGE MARGINS IN ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC
COPYING APPARATUS
Abstract
Apparatus for obtaining electrophotographic copies of improved
quality and appearance in which a rectangular frame member is
disposed adjacent the photoreceptor circumscribing an area on the
photoreceptor onto which the images to be reproduced are projected.
The frame member includes an internal channel opening downwardly
onto the surface of the photoreceptor. Corona discharge means are
supported in the channel along the leading side transversely to the
direction of movement of the photoreceptor to uniformly charge the
surface of the photoreceptor as it is advanced beneath the frame
member. Illumination means also are supported internally of the
frame member within the channel on all four sides for uniformly
discharging the charged surface of the photoreceptor in the areas
surrounding the imaged area underlying the frame member to
eliminate development thereof.
Inventors: |
Matsumoto; Seiji (Asaka,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Xerox Corporation (Stamford,
CT)
|
Family
ID: |
13634342 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/173,889 |
Filed: |
August 23, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Sep 3, 1970 [JA] |
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45/77450 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
399/192; 355/67;
355/70; 399/170 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/047 (20130101); G03G 2215/0448 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/045 (20060101); G03G 15/047 (20060101); G03g
015/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;355/3,8,11,18,67,17 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Matthews; Samuel C.
Assistant Examiner: Hutchinson; Kenneth C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In an electrophotographic reproducing apparatus in which a
photoreceptor is advanced in a stepped intermittent manner,
apparatus for charging and exposing said photoreceptor
including,
a light source for illuminating an image to be reproduced,
means for projecting said illuminated image onto the surface of
said photoreceptor,
a frame member disposed adjacent said photoreceptor and
circumscribing the area on said photoreceptor onto which said
illuminated images are projected, said frame member including an
internal channel opening downwardly onto the surface of said
photoreceptor,
corona discharge means supported transversely to the direction of
movement of said photoreceptor internally of said frame member
along one side thereof within said channel,
means for energizing said corona discharge means when said
photoreceptor is being advanced to uniformly charge the surface of
said photoreceptor as it is advanced beneath said frame member,
and
illumination means supported internally of said frame member within
said channel for uniformly discharging the charged surface of said
photoreceptor in an area surrounding the imaged area underlying
said frame member to eliminate the unwanted fringe fields
surrounding the imaged area.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said illumination means
is energized simultaneously with the energization of said light
source.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 further including means for
de-energizing said corona discharge means upon interruption of the
advancement of said photoreceptor.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1 further including means for
connecting said corona discharge energizing means to said corona
discharge means when said photoreceptor is being advanced and to
said light source and said illumination means when advancement of
said photoreceptor is interrupted.
5. In an electrophotographic reproducing apparatus in which a
photoreceptor is advanced in a stepped intermittent manner,
apparatus for charging and exposing said photoreceptor
including,
a light source adapted to illuminate an image to be reproduced,
means for projecting illuminated images onto the surface of said
photoreceptor,
a frame member positioned adjacent said photoreceptor enclosing an
area on said photoreceptor within which illuminated images are
projected, said frame member having an internal channel opening
downwardly onto the surface of said photoreceptor,
corona discharge means supported transversely to the direction of
movement of said photoreceptor internally of said frame member
along one side thereof within said channel,
means for energizing said corona discharge means when said
photoreceptor is being advanced to uniformly charge the surface of
said photoreceptor as it is advanced beneath said frame,
illumination means supported internally of said frame member within
said channel adapted when energized to uniformly discharge the
charged surface of said photoreceptor in the area underlying said
frame member,
means for energizing said light source to project an image to be
reproduced onto the photoreceptor in the area within said frame
member, and
means for energizing said illumination means to discharge the
charged surface of said photoreceptor underlying said frame member
to eliminate unwanted fringe fields surrounding the imaged
area.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said illumination means
is energized simultaneously with the energization of said light
source.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5 further including means for
de-energizing said corona discharge means upon interruption of the
advancement of said photoreceptor.
8. Apparatus according to claim 5 further including means for
connecting said corona discharge energizing means to said corona
discharge means when said photoreceptor is being advanced and to
said light source and said illumination means when advancement of
said photoreceptor is interrupted.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to electrophotography and more
particularly to improvements in electrophotography which result in
images which are of a higher quality and more attractive in overall
appearance.
In electrophotography or xerography as it is commonly designated,
in order to obtain a xerographic copy of an original image, a
photoreceptor having a light-sensitive insulating layer supported
on a suitable conducting base is uniformly charged by charging
means such as a corona discharge device and the charged area of the
photoreceptor is then exposed to a light pattern which corresponds
to the original image. The result is to form a corresponding charge
pattern on the photoreceptor commonly referred to as a latent
electrostatic image. The latent electrostatic image is then
developed by contacting the photoreceptor with charged pigmented
particles referred to as toner particles which are selectively
attached to latent image areas to form a corresponding visible
image. In the usual manner of carrying out the xerographic process
during the step of uniformly charging the light-sensitive
insulating layer, a large area sufficiently covering the effective
area to be exposed to the light image will be charged. Therefore,
after exposure, the marginal areas surrounding the exposed area
remain unexposed and hence still carry a charge. When the
photoreceptor is then subjected to development, toner is attracted
to the marginal areas in addition to the image area. This is due to
the fact that toner particles which are charged to a polarity
opposite to that of the charge forming the latent electrostatic
image are attracted to the photoreceptor according to the density
of the residual charge. Since the residual charge density of the
marginal areas is highest, these areas are developed most highly.
This results in surrounding the developed image with a black frame,
which is unpleasant to the eye. Also, when such occurs excessive
quantities of toner will be consumed in the process so that the
toner concentration in the developer material is reduced at an
unnecessarily rapid rate. This therefore causes a degradation of
the image quality over a short period of running time and requires
continual operator attention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to improve
the quality and appearance of electrophotographic images.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an
improved electrophotographic arrangement which produces copies
having increased quality and appearance.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide an
improved electrophotographic arrangement which eliminates
development of the margin areas surrounding the image area.
These and other objects of the invention are attained in an
electrophotographic arrangement in which a frame member is disposed
adjacent the photoreceptor circumscribing the area on the
photoreceptor onto which the images to be reproduced are projected.
The frame member includes an internal channel opening downwardly
onto the surface of the photoreceptor. Corona discharge means are
supported transversely to the direction of movement of the
photoreceptor internally of the frame member along one side thereof
within the channel to uniformly charge the surface of the
photoreceptor as it is advanced beneath the frame member.
Illumination means are supported internally of the frame member
within the channel for uniformly discharging the charged surface of
the photoreceptor in the areas surrounding the imaged area
underlying the frame member to eliminate fringe fields surrounding
the image area and hence eliminate development thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross sectional illustration of an
electrophotographic apparatus as contemplated by the present
invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic cross sectional illustration of a
portion of the frame member of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, a xerographic sheet or plate 2 which
comprises a light-sensitive insulating layer supported on a
conducting backing layer is supported on a support 1 and may be
advanced in the direction of the arrow. The xerographic sheet or
plate 2 is held in position by an exposure frame 3 disposed
thereabove.
The xerographic sheet or plate employed in the present invention
may comprise any photoconductive member suitable for use in
electrophotography. Suitable photoconductive members include for
example, photoreceptors prepared by laying vacuum evaporated
coatings of selenium on electroconductive supports, photoreceptors
formed by coating on electroconductive support members layers of
film-forming insulating resins having dispersed therein pulverized
photoconductive materials such as cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide or
titanium dioxide, and photoreceptors formed by coating organic
photoconductive films on electroconductive supports. Such
photoreceptors may also contain various sorts of additives either
singly or in combination so as to increase photosensitivity or to
give optimum spectral sensitivity and such photoreceptors are
contemplated within the scope of the present invention.
As will be appreciated, it is convenient to selectively use various
photoreceptive members according to the object or purpose of use as
is well known. For instance, in the case of selenium vacuum
evaporated films, it is preferable to transfer the images to other
image receiving members, while in the case of organic
photoconductors, it may be preferred to use the photoreceptor for
the purpose of obtaining transparent images by making use of its
optical transparency. On the other hand, in the case of resin
layers dispersed with zinc oxide, titanium dioxide or the like,
when applied on suitable supports, such as paper, there may be no
need of transferring the images which may be directly fixed and
preserved as a record. This may also be true in the case where an
organic photoconductor is laid on a paper sheet. It will also be
appreciated that in case of using a combination of photoconductive
powder-resin layers dispersed with the above-mentioned or
equivalent materials, or organic photoconductors, it is also
possible to form an image on other recording media by transfer.
According to the invention, the exposure frame 3 is generally of a
rectangular configuration similar in nature to a picture frame with
four side frames which are open downwardly and include therein a
suitable discharging light source 6. One of the four frames, namely
the one 4' on the side of insertion of the sheet 2, is provided
with a corona discharge electrode means 7. Reference numeral 8
designates a projection lens system and reference numeral 9
designates a light transmitting original. Reference numeral 10
designates a light source for illuminating original image 9 for
projection onto the surface of photoreceptor 2.
In operation, as the sheet 2 is fed in the direction of the arrow,
it is charged by the corona discharge in the channel 5 of frame 4',
and advancement of the sheet is stopped so that the charged area is
held within the exposure frame 3.
In this position, the projecting light source 10 or a shutter means
(not shown) is then actuated to expose the charged area of the
sheet 2 to a light image corresponding to the light transmitting
original 9 focused through the projecting lens system 8. As a
result, the charge on the sheet 2 is discharged according to the
pattern of the projected light image to form a corresponding latent
electrostatic image.
Simultaneously with the exposure or prior to the resumption of the
feeding of the sheet 2, the discharging light source 6 is
energized. As a result, the charge on the area of the sheet 2
beneath the frame 3 is discharged. Then, the sheet 2 is fed by a
length corresponding to another pitch, that is, a length
corresponding to the distance between the frames 4' and 4. At this
time, the subsequent area of the sheet 2 is charged by the corona
discharge.
Although the area of the sheet 2 facing the frame 4' when the sheet
2 is held stationary may be irregularly charged, if corona
discharge means 7 is continually energized, this has no undesired
effect since the irregularly charged area will be subsequently
discharged by the discharging light source 6.
The exposure frame 3 may be disposed in close contact with the
sheet 2, or it may be spaced from the sheet 2 by a slight distance,
of the order of about 1 mm. To the end of preventing any leaking
discharge through the lower end of the frame 3 it may be desirable
to have both lower ends 11 and 12 or perhaps one lower end 11 of
the frame 4 pointed.
The exposure frame 3 as previously pointed out is generally of a
rectangular configuration similar in nature to a picture frame with
a discharging light source 6 provided along each side thereof
within the channel. The corona discharge electrode means however is
provided only at the side thereof at which insertion of the sheet 2
occurs. However, as an alternative embodiment, the discharging
light source 6 and the corona discharge electrode means 7 may be
provided in the frame only on the side of insertion of the sheet
2.
The corona discharge electrode means 7 consists of a metal wire
having a diameter of about 10 to 50 microns, on which is impressed
a high voltage to cause the corona discharge. In the preferred
arrangement it is desirable to energize the corona discharge only
while the sheet 2 is being advanced. To this end, the corona
discharge electrode means 7 may be energized and de-energized in
conjunction with energization and de-energization of the projection
light source 10 which is energized only when the sheet 2 is
stopped. The discharging light source 6 however, may be energized
either during the exposure or subsequent thereto to eliminate any
residual charge on the area of the sheet beneath the frame 4'.
However, it is preferred to energize light source 6 simultaneously
with energization of projection light source 10. The discharging
light source 6 may use means to provide a number of discharging
light beams, a long light source such as a fluorescent lamp or a
light transmitting means using optical fiber, for the purpose of
achieving uniform discharging of the area of the sheet 2 beneath
the frame.
Thus, as has been described in the foregoing, according to the
present invention, a discharging light source is provided in an
exposure frame for discharging the marginal area of a xerographic
plate or sheet beneath the frame so as to prevent the attachment of
toner to the marginal areas. The invention additionally
contemplates minimizing the size of the corona discharge electrode
means thus effecting extremely efficient charging and exposure.
This arrangement therefore results in copies having increased
quality and appearance.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred
arrangements and embodiments, it will be generally understood by
those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and
equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without
departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *