U.S. patent number 3,684,358 [Application Number 05/027,512] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-15 for apparatus for controlling theater or auditorium functions.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Eprad Incorporated. Invention is credited to Angelo Boudouris, Stanley J. Kulish, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,684,358 |
Boudouris , et al. |
August 15, 1972 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THEATER OR AUDITORIUM FUNCTIONS
Abstract
A control system is provided for controlling functions of a
theater or auditorium in coordination with the projection of a
film. The system includes a selection board and a scanning device
enabling a large number of functions in the theater to be
controlled in conjunction with the projection of film at
preselected times. Such functions include masking arrangements for
the screen, lights, non-synchronous sound, and signals, as well as
initiating and stopping operation of the projectors. The system
also can be used to control theater functions and projectors over a
lengthy period of time such as an entire day, if desired, rather
than for just one show.
Inventors: |
Boudouris; Angelo (Sylvania,
OH), Kulish, Jr.; Stanley J. (Holland, OH) |
Assignee: |
Eprad Incorporated (Toledo,
OH)
|
Family
ID: |
21838137 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/027,512 |
Filed: |
April 13, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
352/25; 352/124;
439/43; 340/2.28; 361/633; 340/309.8; 200/38D; 340/309.3; 352/92;
352/131 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03B
31/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03B
31/02 (20060101); G03B 31/00 (20060101); G03b
021/50 (); G03b 029/00 (); H01h 043/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;352/92,25,124,131
;200/38D ;340/309.3,309.4,166R,309.1 ;317/112 ;339/18P,18R,18C |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Prince; Louis R.
Assistant Examiner: Shoon; Frederick
Claims
We claim:
1. Apparatus for operating electrical devices in predetermined
relationship to the projection of film, said apparatus comprising a
matrix board with a plurality of mutually perpendicular first and
second rows of holes, upper conductors electrically connecting the
holes in each of the first rows, an intermediate conductor
electrically connecting all of the holes in each of the second
rows, a lower conductor electrically connecting all of the holes in
each of the second rows, a plurality of latch-type relays, one
electrically connected to each of said intermediate or lower
conductors, a plurality of pulse-type relays, one electrically
connected to each of the other of said intermediate or lower
conductors, said pulse-type relays, when energized, causing any
energized latch-type relays associated with the same second row to
be de-energized, scanning means for supplying power sequentially to
each of said upper conductors, a plurality of short pins for
electrically connecting one of said upper conductors with one of
said intermediate conductors when inserted in one of the holes, a
plurality of long pins for electrically connecting one of said
upper conductors with one of said lower conductors when inserted in
a hole, a stepping switch for advancing said scanning means one row
at a time when subjected to a predetermined pulse, an additional
latch-type relay electrically connected to said stepping switch and
effective to cause continued pulses to be supplied to said stepping
switch to cause said stepping switch to sequentially advance in
steps when said additional latch-type relay is energized, and an
additional pulse-type relay in the same row with said additional
latch-type relay to de-energize said additional latch-type relay to
stop said stepping switch when said additional pulse-type relay is
energized, said additional latch-type relay being electrically
connected to an additional one of said intermediate or lower
conductors, and said additional pulse-type relay being electrically
connected to an additional one of the other of said intermediate or
lower conductors.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized by a pick-off
device associated with a film to be projected, said pick-off device
causing a pulse, when contacted by a conducting tab on the film, to
advance said scanning means, and a manually-operated switch in
parallel with the pick-off device to supply a pulse to said
pulse-responsive means independently of said pick-off device.
3. Apparatus for initiating and stopping auditorium functions in a
predetermined relationship with respect to the projection of motion
picture film, said apparatus comprising a selection board having a
plurality of openings arranged in a predetermined pattern, said
selection board having a plurality of levels of conductors, a
plurality of first relays which are energized when a predetermined
two levels of the conductors are electrically connected and power
is supplied thereto, a plurality of second relays which are
energized when another two levels of the conductors are
electrically connected and power is supplied thereto, said relays
having contacts effective to control certain ones of the functions
in the auditorium, scanning means for supplying power selectively
to portions of one level of conductors, means for selectively
connecting portions of the conductors at predetermined levels, a
stepping switch for moving said scanning means sequentially to
other portions of said one level of conductors when receiving
predetermined pulses, an additional relay electrically connected to
said stepping switch and effective to cause said stepping switch to
sequentially advance in steps when said additional relay is in one
position, and to stop said switch when said additional relay is in
another position, said additional relay being in said one position
when said predetermined two levels of the conductors are
electrically connected, and said additional relay being in said
another position when said another two levels of conductors are
electrically connected.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 characterized by means for
supplying pulses to said pulse-responsive means and comprising a
pick-off device associated with a motion picture film to be
projected, said film having conducting means thereon effective to
cause said pick-off device to supply a pulse when in contact
therewith, and manually-operated switch means for supplying a pulse
independently of said pick-off device.
Description
This invention relates to apparatus for controlling theater
functions in coordination with the projection of film therein, and
more particularly to a control system including a selection board
and a pulse-operated scanning device for starting and stopping
operation of equipment in a theater.
There has been a trend, particularly recently, toward motion
picture theaters with automatic equipment to the point that the
need for employees or operators is practically eliminated. This is
particularly true of smaller theaters, seating in the order of
300-400 patrons. In some instances, two to four theaters can be
clustered together with one operator handling all functions of all
of the theaters.
For this purpose, apparatus has been proposed for effecting
automatic change-over from one projector to the other when the reel
on the first is about to run out. Controls for this are set forth
in detail in a co-pending application of Boudouris et al, Ser. No.
878,611, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,640,611. Controls as set forth therein
operate arc lights, buzzers, dowsers, projector motors, and
arc-striking mechanisms of the projectors in timed relation with
the film. These controls also can regulate certain auditorium
functions in the theater to a limited extent.
The present invention provides an improved control system for
regulating functions of equipment in a theater having greater
versatility than those heretofore known. The system can control any
or many of a large number of functions at almost any time and over
a long period of time. The system includes a selection board
capable of selectively operating a large number of components in
the theater, depending upon the size of the board employed. A
scanning device scans across the selection board in a predetermined
number of incremental steps to control the various theater
functions over a long period of time, depending upon the length of
time required for the scanning device to complete one full movement
across the board. The system also enables the sequence or functions
being controlled to be changed in a matter of seconds simply by
changing control pins used in the board. Further, the selection
board can energize both latch-type and pulse-type relays which
provide additional versatility for the controls.
It is, therefore, a principal object of the invention to provide an
improved control system for operating theater equipment, which
system has greater versatility and adaptability than those
heretofore known.
Many other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent
from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment
thereof, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIGS. 1 and 1A are diagrammatic views of a control system embodying
the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view in perspective of part of the selection
board of the control system of FIG. 1, with parts broken away;
and
FIG. 3 is a somewhat schematic view in perspective of a pulse
generating device of a motion picture film projector which can
provide a pulse to operate the system of FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, a control system embodying the invention
basically includes a matrix or selection board indicated at 110 and
a scanning device comprising a switch wafer 112 by means of which
rows of the selection board 110 are sequentially scanned. The
switch wafer 112 advances one row at a time when a stepping switch
drive receives a pulse. The pulse can be provided through a main
manually-operated switch designated MS-1 at the right-hand side of
the drawing, by a pulse received from a pick-off device designated
PO (see also FIG. 3) or by an automatic clock device designated
AC.
In the selection board, vertical columns of vertical rows A-O are
each used to start and stop individual components or equipment in
the theater, with the time of starting and stopping determined by
the scanning switch wafer 112 which supplies power individually to
each of a plurality of horizontal rows, numbered 1-20 by means of
an arm 114 and terminals 1-20. The rows 1-20 are represented by
horizontal lines 116 in FIG. 1 and by an upper conductor 116 in
FIG. 2. The vertical columns A-O are represented by pairs of
vertical lines in FIG. 1, with left hand lines 118 represented by
upper conductors 118 in FIG. 2 and the right hand lines 120
represented by lower conductors 120 in FIG. 2. When a short pin 122
is placed in one of a multiplicity of holes 124 in the board 110,
this provides an electrical path between the conductor 116 of the
horizontal row and the upper conductor 118 of one of the vertical
columns. When power is supplied by the scanning switch to the
horizontal row containing the pin 122, the power is also supplied
to the upper conductor 118 engaged by the pin 122. This initiates
operation of the associated theater equipment or component through
relays, to be discussed subsequently. When a long pin 126 is
inserted in one of the holes 124, it completes an electrical path
between the upper conductor 118 of the associated horizontal row
and the lower vertical conductor 120 in one of the vertical
columns. With power supplied to the upper conductor 116 by the
scanning switch wafer 112 and the arm 114, the power is supplied to
the lower vertical conductor 120 and stops operation of the
component or equipment associated with the vertical column
containing the long pin 126, through relays to be discussed
subsequently.
The 15 vertical columns A-O provide sufficient circuits to enable
the selection board to control almost any imaginable function
desired in a theater or auditorium. By way of example, the 15
columns can be employed to control functions as follows:
COLUMN SHORT PIN LONG PIN
__________________________________________________________________________
A Start Left Projector Stop Left Projector B Start Right Projector
Stop Right Projector C Masking Widescreen D Masking Cinemascope E
Masking 70 MM F Houselights ON Houselights OFF G Curtain Lights ON
Curtain Lights OFF H Footlights ON Footlights OFF I Worklights ON
Worklights OFF J Lobby Lights ON Lobby Lights OFF K Non-Sync Power
ON Non-Sync Power OFF L Non-Sync Sound ON Non-Sync Sound OFF M
Curtains CLOSE Curtains OPEN N Alert Manager O Start SELF-PULSE
Stop SELF-PULSE
__________________________________________________________________________
most of the above functions need no, or only a brief, explanation.
The masking is used to change the screen size to accommodate
particular types of film, when such masking is used. The worklights
are relatively bright lights employed during clean-up, repair, etc.
The "non-sync" power and sound is for background music, etc. during
intermission. The "start self-pulse" causes the scanning switch
wafer to move an additional row or rows, when desired, rather than
stopping at the next row. The "stop self-pulse" stops the scanning
at the row desired.
When one of the short pins 122 is inserted in one of the holes 124
to connect one of the horizontal rows 1-20 with the left hand line
of one of the vertical rows A-O, a path is completed through the
conductor in the vertical row and, when the wafer switch 112
supplies power to the appropriate horizontal row, power is supplied
to the appropriate one of twenty relays RA-RO. The relays RC-RO are
latch-type, when jumpered as shown, and hold themselves in when
energized by contacts RC-1 to RO-1. Contacts RC-2 to RN-2 then move
accordingly to supply power to the appropriate equipment in the
desired manner when the corresponding relay is energized.
When one of the long pins 126 is placed in one of the holes 124, a
path is completed between one of the horizontal rows 1-20 and the
right hand line of one of the vertical rows A-O. When the switch
wafer 112 supplies power to the conductor 116 of the appropriate
horizontal row, an appropriate relay RAA-ROO is energized. When one
of the relays RCC-RNN is energized, corresponding contacts RCC-1 to
RNN-1 open to de-energize the corresponding relay RC-RN.
Corresponding contacts RCC-2 to RNN-then switch to provide an
opposite function for the appropriate equipment energized through
the associated contacts RC-1 to RN-1.
Each of the short pins 22 has two conducting sections 128 and 130
(FIG. 2) separated by an insulating section 132 which spaces the
sections 128 and 130 apart a predetermined distance. The sections
128 and 130 are electrically connected through a diode located in a
cap 134 of the pin. When the pin 122 is in one of the holes 124,
the section 128 is in contact with the upper conductor 116 while
the lower section 130 is in contact with the upper vertical
conductor 118. A path is thereby completed between the conductors
116 and 118 through the diode in the cap 134.
Similarly, the long pin 126 has an upper conducting section 136 and
a lower conducting section 138 separated by a long insulating
section 140 which spaces the sections 136 and 140 apart a
predetermined distance. The sections 136 and 138 are also connected
through a diode in a cap 142. When the pin 126 is inserted in one
of the holes 124, the upper conducting section 126 contacts the
appropriate horizontal conductor 116 and the conducting section 38
contacts the lower vertical conductor 20. A path is thereby
completed between the conductors 116 and 120 through the sections
136 and 138 and the diode in the cap 142. The diodes prevent a
reversal of current flow and false signals from being transmitted
which can otherwise occur.
When it is desired to supply power from the scanning switch wafer
112 to the next row, this is physically accomplished by moving the
conducting arm 114 to the next one of terminals 1-20 on the wafer
112. This movement is achieved through a stepping switch drive
which can be operated in response to the closing of the main manual
switch MS. When this is closed, a pulse is supplied to energize a
relay R1 (FIG. 1A) of the stepping switch, only certain components
of which are shown. When the relay R1 is energized, it closes
contacts R1-1 which supply power to a stepping switch solenoid
designated SOL. having an arm which moves one-half a revolution and
causes the arm 114 to move one increment. During the movement,
built-in contacts SS-1 of the stepping switch open to momentarily
de-energize a relay R2. A pulse is supplied through contacts R2--2
and R1-3 (FIG. 1) to the selection board through the switch wafer
112. These contacts only apply the pulse after the switch has
advanced to the next position. The stepping switch is a
commercially available device which can be obtained, for example,
from Ledex Inc., 123 Webster Street, Dayton, Ohio 45402.
Row O is used to cause the stepping switch to advance more than one
row when desired. If, for example, it is desired to have the arm
114 of the switch wafer 112 move from row 18 to row 20 when
functions in row 18 are completed and the switch arm would normally
advance one row, one of the short pins 122 is placed in the hole
124 at horizontal row 19 and vertical row O. When the arm is
advanced to terminal 19 to supply power to the horizontal row 19,
the relay RO is energized, closing contacts RO-2 to energize the
relay R1 and cause the arm 114 to advance immediately to the next
row. The arm 14 continues to advance the self-stepping action of
relay contacts R1-2, R2-1, and RO-2, driving the relay R1 until the
long pin 126 is sensed in row O. If it is desired that the switch
wafer then stop on row 20, one of the long pins 126 is placed in
the hole 124 of rows 20 and O. When the arm 114 reaches row 20, the
relay ROO is energized to cause its contacts ROO-1 to open and
de-energize the relay RO, causing contacts R0-2 to open and the
relay R1 to stop self-pulsing whereby the switch wafer 112 will not
index beyond row 20.
Rows A and B are used to initiate operation of the projectors. When
a short pin 22 is in row A and the relay RA is energized, it closes
contacts RA-2 which energize a "start-left" relay in the projector
changeover circuit, as also shown in the co-pending application of
Boudouris et al, Ser. No. 878,611. The left-hand projector is then
caused to operate without further signals from the selection board.
When the film on the left-hand projector is about to run out,
through a foil strip 144 (FIG. 3) on the outside edge of film 146,
the right-hand projector is started along with the associated
change-over operations. The right-hand projector will then operate
until its film has run out. If there is to be an intermission at
that time, the left-hand projector must not be operated again. To
prevent the left projector from starting, the sequence circuit is
signalled by the "stop-left" projector relay RAA at some time
during the showing of the reel of film on the right-hand projector.
To operate this automatically, one of the long pins 126 is placed
in the appropriate hole 124 in the row A to operate the relay RAA
which, through its contacts RAA-1, holds itself in until one of the
relays RA and RB is energized again. The relay performs the same
function as the left shut-down switch in the sequence circuit
through its contacts RAA-2 (FIG. 1A). To operate this relay, a
strip 148 of foil is located on the inside edge of the film in the
right-hand projector which foil supplies a pulse to the stepping
switch to advance the arm 114 one row through the relay R1. If this
foil is near the end of the reel, appropriate short pins 122 in
vertical columns F-J for the lights, columns K and L for the sound,
and column M for closing the curtains can also be used to initiate
these functions as the reel and show come to an end and an
intermission is to begin. At the end of the intermission, the
scanning switch arm 114 can be advanced to the next row, No. 3, at
which time the left-hand projector is started once again. The
advance can be effected by closing the manual switch MS or through
the automatic clock which supplies a pulse at the end of the
intermission. Time delay relays can be employed with some of the
columns such as G-J to delay brightening of the lights somewhat, if
desired.
The system according to the invention can be used to operate
projectors for an entire day, if desired. For example, assume that
a motion picture show is to last two hours and the film is on two
1-hour reels, one for each of two projectors. Also assume that the
first show begins at 12 noon and the last one ends at 1 a.m. with
12-minute intermissions between the shows. At noon, the manual
switch MS can be closed by an operator to cause the arm 114 to
advance from the twentieth row to the first row. In the first row,
a short pin 122 is located in column A which energizes the relay RA
and initiates operation of the left-hand projector. At the same
time, appropriate pins can be located in the first row for other
columns to dim the various lights, open the curtains, etc. By using
an automatic timer to supply this pulse, it is not even necessary
for the operator to be at the site until the end of the first show,
two hours later, to rewind the films.
As the first reel of film on the left-hand projector runs out,
through the change-over circuit of the aforesaid patent
application, the right-hand projector is started automatically. At
an intermediate point on the film of the right-hand projector, the
foil 148 is located on the inside edge to supply a pulse to the
relay R1 and cause the arm 14 to advance to row No. 2. Here, a long
pin 126 can be located in column A to operate the stop left relay
and prevent the first or left-hand projector from starting up again
as the film runs out on the right-hand projector.
Near the end of the film on the right-hand projector, a second
piece 148 of foil can be located on the inside edge which then
causes the arm 114 to advance to row No. 3. In this row, the short
pins 122 can be located in the appropriate columns to cause the
various lights to brighten, the curtain to close, the
non-synchronous sound to begin as the right-hand reel of film runs
out and the 12-minute intermission is to begin. During the
intermission, the operator rewinds both reels of film and can then
push the switch MS to advance the arm 114 to the fourth row which
again contains one of the short pins 122 in the row A which causes
the left-hand projector to start again with additional pins
employed to dim the lights, open the curtain, etc. A timer can be
used to automatically initiate the pulse at the end of the
intermission, if desired. The sequence is then repeated every three
rows through the eighteenth row. As the operator rewinds the films
at the end of the show, he can press the button MS to advance the
arm 114 to the 19th row and, with a short pin 122 in the row O, the
arm 114 continues to the twentieth row where a long pin 126 in row
0 stops the arm in readiness for the show to begin the next
day.
The various theater lights can be independently controlled by a
remote lighting switch designated RLS in FIG. 1A. This enables the
lights to be turned up brightly at non-scheduled times, in case of
emergency, by way of example.
The switch wafer 112 can be employed with two additional switch
wafers 150 and 152 having arms 154 and 156 which are driven by the
stepping switch and the solenoid SOL. along with the arm 114 of the
switch wafer 112 through a common shaft C. These control "tens"
read-out lamps indicated at 158 and "unit" read-out lamps indicated
at 160 to visually indicate to the operator the row with which the
scanning switch wafer arm 114 is electrically connected.
The pick-off device PO, constituting one of the three possible
sources of pulses or signals for the stepping switch for the switch
wafers, is shown schematically in FIG. 3. This device is shown and
described in more detail in co-pending application of Angelo
Boudouris and Harold M. Plumadore. The device includes a pair of
contact shoes 162 and 164 connected together by an insulating
member 166 and suitably mounted in a sprocket arm or a projector
wall 168 by a shaft 170. The shoes are mounted adjacent film
sprockets 172 which are grounded. Conductors 174 and 176 (see also
FIG. 1A) are connected to the contact shoes 162 and 164 but are
insulated from the sprockets 172 by the film 146. When an
electrical path is to be completed between one of the contact shoes
162 and 164 and the corresponding sprocket, the metal foil or tab
144 or 148 is placed on the film 146. When the path is completed
between the shoe 162 and the outer sprocket 172, a pulse is
provided to effect a change-over circuit as previously described
and as described in Boudouris et al application, Ser. No. 878,611.
When a path is completed between the contact shoes 164 and the
inner sprocket 172, the pulse is provided through the conductor 176
for the relay R1 to cause the stepping switch to advance the switch
wafer arms 114, 154, and 156 to the next terminal.
The automatic clock device AC has an intermission timer therein
which is started by a relay R4 associated with columns A and B in
FIG. 1. This relay operates contacts R4-1 of FIG. 1A.
Manually-operated contacts MS-2 are used to reset the intermission
re-timer when the timer is not allowed to completely time out for
an intermission.
Manual override switches SWF, SWG, SWH, SWI, and SWJ enable any set
of lights to be individually and independently controlled. These
switches actuate the associated pairs of relays similarly to the
short and long pins when pulsed in the selection board. The manual
override switches are single-pole, double-throw, momentary
center-off switches. When the switch SWF, for example, is moved to
the "on" position, it will energize the relay RF which will then
self latch, as described previously; when the switch SWF is moved
to the "off" position, it will pulse the relay RFF and reset the
relay RF.
Various modifications of the above described embodiment of the
invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art and it is to
be understood that such modifications can be made without departing
from the scope of the invention, if they are within the spirit and
the tenor of the accompanying claims.
* * * * *