U.S. patent number 3,684,345 [Application Number 05/057,107] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-15 for method for making a tube.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.m.b.H.. Invention is credited to Hubert Reder, Manfred Schiekel.
United States Patent |
3,684,345 |
Schiekel , et al. |
August 15, 1972 |
METHOD FOR MAKING A TUBE
Abstract
A gas-filled discharge tube is fabricated by mounting a
plurality of electrodes in an envelope, inserting an ampul
containing mercury and fabricated of a material which strongly
absorbs infrared radiation and has a low melting point into the
envelope, evacuating the envelope, filling the evacuated envelope
with a filler gas, forming the electrodes to obtain uniform
surfaces and a low work function, vacuum filling the sealed
envelope, and applying infrared radiation through the sealed
envelope so that it is absorbed by the ampul and the mercury is
released. The envelope of the tube is preferably made of a glass
having weak infrared absorbing properties.
Inventors: |
Schiekel; Manfred (Ulm Danube,
DT), Reder; Hubert (Ulm Danube, DT) |
Assignee: |
Licentia
Patent-Verwaltungs-G.m.b.H. (Frankfurt, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5740534 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/057,107 |
Filed: |
July 22, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jul 22, 1969 [DT] |
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P 19 37 189.2 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
445/9;
313/546 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01J
9/395 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01J
9/38 (20060101); H01J 9/395 (20060101); H01j
009/18 (); H01j 009/38 () |
Field of
Search: |
;316/3,4,17,18,19,20,24 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
"Gettering by Laser Induced Evaporation" by Winters in Vol. 9 No.
10 March 1967 of IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin. pp.
1365.
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Primary Examiner: Campbell; John F.
Assistant Examiner: Lazarus; Richard Bernard
Claims
We claim:
1. A method for fabricating a gas-filled discharged tube comprising
the steps of:
a. mounting a plurality of electrodes in an envelope made of
material which absorbs little infrared radiation;
b. inserting an ampul containing mercury, and which is fabricated
of glass which has a low melting point and strongly absorbs
infrared radiation to a degree which is substantially higher than
the material of the envelope, into the envelope;
c. evacuating the envelope;
d. filling the evacuated envelope with a filler gas;
e. forming the electrodes to obtain substantially uniform surfaces
and a low work function;
f. vacuum sealing the filled envelope;
g. directing high-intensity infrared radiation through the sealed
envelope onto the ampul to burst the ampul and release the
mercury.
2. A method as defined in claim 1, further including the step of
selecting a glass for the envelope which absorbs little infrared
radiation.
3. A method as defined in claim 2, further including the step of
adding coloring agents to the glass of the ampul for increasing its
infrared radiation absorption property.
4. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising providing the
ampul with an exposed outer surface free of surrounding metallic
structure and members.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for applying mercury in
an electronic, gas-filled discharge tube, particularly a number
indicator tube operating on the glow principle as well as a tube
manufactured according to this method. In this method, a glass
ampul containing the mercury is inserted into the tube and the
mercury is released only after completion of the forming process
and vacuum sealing of the tube by thermic deformation of the glass
ampul.
To produce high life values for gas-filled discharge tubes,
particularly for number indicator tubes according to the glow
principle, it is known to provide the electrode which is at cathode
potential with a thin layer, or coating, of mercury. Due to its
high atomic weight, the mercury acts as an inhibitor for the ion
dispersion. Since the mercury coating of the individual cathodes
should be as uniform as possible, this covering can not be applied
at arbitrary moment. Rather, the tube must first be pumped free of
air, filled with a filler gas and then subjected to a forming
process which is intended to obtain very uniform cathode surfaces
and a work function as low as possible. The mercury coating must be
done only after these process steps are completed. In order to
accomplish this, it is known to initially insert the mercury into
the envelope of the tube in an ampul and then, at the desired
moment, to release the mercury by destroying or deforming the
ampul.
Small glass ampuls are known for this purpose which are provided
with an electric heating coil in addition to the mercury. The
heating coil is then heated by the passage of current and the glass
ampul is thus softened and bursts. This known method has the
disadvantage that the heat of the heating coil releases easily
vaporizable impurities which act on the cathode surface before the
mercury is deposited thereon. As a consequence, there again appear
zones with a higher work function on the cathode surfaces.
Moreover, such ampuls require additional solder points and
additional leads in the tube base.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process as
described above which is improved particularly with respect to the
above-mentioned disadvantages.
It is proposed according to the present invention to achieve the
above object by manufacturing the ampul of a glass which strongly
absorbs infrared radiation and which has a low melting point. The
deformation of the glass ampul is effected by means of the energy
of high-intensity infrared radiation directed through the walls of
the tube.
A significant advantage of the present invention is that with the
release of the mercury and change of form of the ampul, no
additional metal parts need be heated inside the tube so that it is
assured that no impurities are vaporized and deposited on the
cathode surfaces. A further advantage of the present invention is
that a tube constructed according to the present invention can be
manufactured in a simpler manner than previous tubes because
additional melting and welding points are eliminated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a glow tube according to the present
invention with infrared radiation being applied to an ampul.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an ampul according to the
present invention which has a tab for mounting it to an electrode
or electrode lead.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 of the drawings shows a number indicator tube operating on
the glow principle having a plurality of known cathodes 3 which
glow upon the application of a potential and an anode 4, both
disposed in an envelope 1. The envelope 1 is filled with a
protective gas, for example an inert gas such as neon and/or argon,
at a pressure of approximately 35 torr. The individual electrodes 3
and 4 are connected with respective electric leads 2 in the base 10
of the tube.
Methods of making cold cathode indicator tubes are well known.
Examples of such methods are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,946,642,
issued July 26, 1960 to S. Kuchinsky and U.S. Pat. No. 2,991,386,
issued July 4, 1961 to Szigeti et al.
According to the present invention, a closed ampul 5 in which a
slight amount of mercury 6 is disposed is arranged in the envelope
1 before it is sealed. This ampul 5 is made of a glass which
absorbs infrared radiation particularly strongly and which has a
relatively low softening point. Such a glass is, for example, the
lead-free IR melting glass, type 8512. This glass may be
appropriately colored to increase the absorption capability, or
absorptivity, for infrared radiation. Moreover, the vapor pressure
of the glass of ampul 5 should be relatively low at its softening
temperature in order to minimize the amount of vapor released in
the envelope 1. Especially the oxygen partial pressure should be as
low as possible. The softening point of the IR melting glass, type
8512, is about 660.degree. Celsius. This glass has at its softening
point a sufficiently low oxygen partial pressure to avoid an
oxidizing of electrode materials. The infrared radiation
absorptivity of this glass is about 70 to 95 percent, for example
about 95 percent at a wavelength of the radiation of 1.1 .mu.m.
The envelope 1 of the tube advisably is of a glass that absorbs
infrared radiation only to a relatively slight degree. Any type of
glass conventionally used for electron tubes can be used for this
purpose, since their absorption capability, or absorptivity, for
infrared radiation is not very high. The ampul 5 is advisably
fastened to an electrode input lead as, e.g., by melting in.
Alternatively, tabs or the like may be used to fasten the ampul 5
to an electrode or an electrode lead. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of
an ampul 5 enclosing an amount of mercury 6, for example a drop of
mercury, and which is fastened to an electrode lead 11 by means of
a tab 12 which may be melted into the wall of the ampul 5. The tab
12, which preferably consist of a metal wire, may be welded to the
electrode lead 11.
The infrared radiation absorptivity of conventionally used glass
for electron tubes is lower than 10 percent.
After the tube provided with the ampul has been filled with gas and
the forming process for the electrodes has been completed, a
suitable, known infrared radiator 8 directs a strongly bundled
infrared radiation 7 from a suitable, known parabolic mirror 9 to
the ampul 5 built into the tube. Radiator 8 may be, for example, a
suitable, known lamp. This infrared radiation penetrates the wall
of envelope 1, since the latter absorbs a relatively small amount
of the infrared radiation, and reaches the ampul 5 and is strongly
absorbed thereby. The absorbed infrared radiation leads to rapid
softening (for example, approximately 20 seconds) and deformation,
or melting, of the ampul 5 so that it will burst and release the
mercury, which due to the slight vacuum in the envelope, is
deposited in the desired manner on the surfaces of the electrodes
3. Since, in this process, no other metal portions are heated to
any significant degree, the danger of impure electrode surfaces is
substantially reduced.
It is to be understood, of course, that the method of the present
invention may be used in any vacuum tube where appropriate coating
of electrodes is desired.
It will be understood that the above description of the present
invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes and
adaptations, and the same are intended to be comprehended within
the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.
* * * * *