U.S. patent number 3,684,191 [Application Number 05/087,074] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-15 for aerator construction.
Invention is credited to Harold Shames, Sidney J. Shames.
United States Patent |
3,684,191 |
Shames , et al. |
August 15, 1972 |
AERATOR CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
An inexpensive faucet aerator is provided by an imperforate
annular metal housing with a sub-assembly of molded parts, that may
be pre-assembled without separate fasteners, and which are arranged
to be slid through the open upstream end of the housing, and to
cooperate with each other and with the housing to provide a mixing
chamber and air inlets to the mixing chamber. Two of the molded
parts are snap-connected together prior to insertion in the housing
to insure proper assemblage, and the cooperation of the parts with
the housing wall prevents inadvertent separation of the parts.
Inventors: |
Shames; Sidney J. (Briarcliff
Manor, NY), Shames; Harold (Ardsley, NY) |
Family
ID: |
22202962 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/087,074 |
Filed: |
November 5, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/428.5;
239/DIG.19 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03C
1/084 (20130101); Y10S 239/19 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E03C
1/02 (20060101); E03C 1/084 (20060101); E03c
001/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/428.5,DIG.18,DIG.19 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Thieme; Reinhold W.
Claims
What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the
United States is:
1. In a faucet aerator of the type that provides a mixing chamber
having upstream and downstream ends, water-jet defining means at
the upstream end of said chamber, air intake means to said chamber,
and at least one screen adjacent the downstream end of said
chamber, the improvement comprising, in combination: an elongated,
sleeve-like, imperforate barrel with screw threads thereon at the
upstream end and an inturned lip at the downstream end, and a
sub-assembly of molded parts arranged for sliding fit into the
barrel to be supported by the barrel's lip, said sub-assembly being
constructed to cooperate with the barrel to provide air intake
means, and to provide a mixing chamber, the water-jet defining
means, and a support for the screen, said sub-assembly including a
downstream support-and-air-intake member, an upstream annulus
snap-connected to said downstream support, and a cup-shaped
jet-former carried centrally in said annulus and held in position
by gravity, said upstream annulus providing an outer portion
slidably engaging the inner wall of the barrel and an inner
periphery which provides an upstream centering sleeve and a
downstream convexly curved impingement surface against which
streams of water are directed, and the cup-shaped jet-former
providing an out-turned flange which slidably cooperates with the
centering sleeve to position the jet-formers to direct their
streams radially outwardly against said impingement surface.
2. An aerator as in claim 1 wherein the cup-shaped jet-former
extends through and downstream of the upstream annulus to provide
an annular passageway through which flow of water is directed into
the mixing chamber.
3. In a faucet aerator of the type that provides a mixing chamber
having upstream and downstream ends, water-jet defining means at
the upstream end of said chamber, air intake means to said chamber,
and at least one screen adjacent the downstream end of said
chamber, the improvement comprising, in combination; an elongated,
sleeve-like, imperforate barrel with screw threads thereon at the
upstream end and an inturned lip at the downstream end, and a
sub-assembly of molded parts arranged for sliding fit into the
barrel to be supported by the barrel's lip, said sub-assembly being
constructed to cooperate with the barrel to provide air intake
means, and to provide a mixing chamber, the water-jet defining
means, and a support for the screen, said sub-assembly including a
downstream support-and-air-intake member, an upstream annulus
snap-connected to said downstream support, and a cup-shaped
jet-former carried centrally in said annulus and held in position
by gravity, the downstream support-and-air-intake member being
shaped to provide at least three elongated, upright supports spaced
circumferentially to lie against the barrel's wall and to engage
the barrel's lip, a ring secured to said upright supports to hold
same in spaced relation and to be spaced inwardly of the barrel's
wall to provide substantially annular air intake means, the
supports extending upwardly of and above the ring to engage and
support the annulus, the upper ends of said supports having
adjacent inturned lips, and the upstream annulus having a
continuous circumferential groove that faces outwardly to receive
the inturned lips on said supports to snap-connect the parts
together prior to insertion of the sub-assembly in the barrel, and
said construction positioning the supports adjacent the wall of the
barrel to prevent accidental separation of the snap-connected parts
when in position in the barrel.
4. An aerator as in claim 3 wherein said ring of the downstream
member has an inturned flange for supporting thereon a screen at
the downstream end of the mixing chamber.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Faucet aerators of many different forms are known in the prior art.
In substantially all such aerators, water-jet forming means, of one
or more nozzles located at one or more upstream locations,
discharge water at high speed into a mixing chamber into which air
in ingested by the local drop in static pressure. Means for mixing
the water and air are provided, and screen-like flow straightening
and mixing means may be provided at the discharge end of the mixing
chamber. In some forms of aerator constructions an abutment is
provided against which the jets are impinged to effect minute break
up of the water jets prior to mixing with air. In other forms air
is drawn into the mixing chamber through air passageways that
extend from adjacent the outlet of the aerator in a direction
opposite to the direction of water flow before entering the mixing
chamber and then moving downstream with the mixture of water and
air.
Although originally constructed entirely of brass parts, or molded
of rubber and arranged to receive a plurality of jet-forming metal
discs and screens, the trend of construction has constantly been to
seek less expensive constructions. It has heretofore been suggested
to mold at least some aerator parts of plastic. However, practical
experience has shown until now that the most satisfactory aerator
constructions require at least some internal parts being formed of
metal.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a water aerator with
desirable performance characteristics wherein all the internal
parts except the discharge screen are molded of plastic.
It is another object of this invention to provide a water aerator
that is primarily constructed of three molded plastic parts that
are so designed and arranged as to provide for convenience in
assembly and results in an aerator characterized by inexpensiveness
of fabrication and effectiveness of performance.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a water aerator
wherein molded plastic internal parts are secured together without
separate fasteners in a manner to insure proper relationship
between the parts, and wherein the arrangement of parts within the
aerator's barrel prevents inadvertent separation of the internal
parts.
Further objects and advantages of this invention will become
apparent as the following description proceeds and the features of
novelty which characterize this invention will be pointed out with
particularity in the claims annexed to and forming part of this
specification.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in the
accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is an enlarged, vertical cross-sectional view through the
longitudinal axis of an aerator embodying the invention and having
a male-threaded connector;
FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of the same with portions broken
away;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on line 3--3
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a reduced exploded view of the aerator of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but of reduced size and showing
the aerator with a female-threaded connector.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings there is shown the discharge end of a
spout 10 to which is screw-connected an aerator, generally 12, that
embodies the invention. The aerator 12 includes a barrel or casing
14, that preferably is a screw machine part formed of metal, but
also could be molded of plastic. Within the barrel 14 are a molded
plastic lower part 16, a molded plastic annulus 18 that is
snap-coupled to the lower part 16, and a molded plastic, cup-shaped
part 20 which provides water-jet defining means and which enters
the upstream end of annulus 18. The molded plastic parts are formed
of a plastic, such as Delrin, that does not swell in the presence
of water. The aerator 14 also includes at least one, and preferably
a pair of, wire mesh screens 22 that are carried by lower part 16,
and an upstream washer 24 of resilient material to provide both for
a water-tight connection between the aerator 12 and the spout 10
and to retain part 20 in position.
More specifically, the water-supplying spout 10 is female-threaded
at 10a and is shaped to provide an upstream shoulder 10b against
which the sealing washer 24 abuts. The barrel 14 is male threaded
at its upstream end at 14a, and has an inturned abutment flange, or
lip, 14b that serves to retain within the aerator the internal
parts thereof. The barrel 14 has imperforate side walls and
provides a cylindrical wall 14c for receiving sliding entry of the
internal parts of the aerator through the open upstream end of the
barrel.
The lower part 16 is a combination support-and-air-intake and is
shaped to provide a plurality (at least three) of spaced, elongated
support struts 26, preferably four in number as shown, joined by a
continuous cylindrical sleeve, or ring, 28. The lower ends of
struts 26 engage barrel lip 14b, while their upper ends each
project above the upper edge of sleeve 28 to engage annulus 18 and
provide inturned lips 26a for snap-connection to said annulus. The
struts 26 being located outwardly of sleeve 28 cooperate with wall
14c of barrel 14 to provide substantially annularly arranged air
intake means or passageways 29. The lower edge of sleeve 28 has a
continuous inturned flange, or lip, 28a for supporting screens
22.
The annulus 18 provides: an outermost cylindrical wall 18a, of a
dimension to just slidably enter the bore defined by 55 wall 14c;
an upstream annular shoulder 30, against which sealing washer 24
abuts; a downstream annular shoulder 32, adapted to engage the
upper edges of struts 26 to be supported thereby; a cylindrical
centering wall, or sleeve, 34 for slidably receiving cup-shaped
part 20; and a convexly curved impingement surface 36, the
outermost portion of which supports part 20, extending inwardly of
sleeve 34 and projecting downstream to terminate at a downstream,
inner, annular edge 38. The underside of annulus 18 is also
provided with a continuous groove 40 adapted to receive thereinto,
by a snap-connection, the lips 26a at the upper ends of the struts
26.
The cup-shaped, jet-defining member 20 has an outwardly extending
flange 41, that is supported by annulus 18, and whose upstream
surface is arranged to lie co-planar with shoulder 30 of the
annulus 18 so as to be engaged by sealing washer 24 which prevents
flow of water past sleeve 34. The upright side wall of member 20 is
provided with a series of radially-extending, jet-forming grooves
42 that are vertically elongated as shown and are of a height to
extend below the level of flange 41, but which terminate at a
height spaced upstream, or above, the downstream edge 38 of annulus
18. The lower central portion and bottom of cup-shaped member 20
that is downstream of grooves 42 projects axially downstream and
centrally through annulus 18 to be in spaced relation to edge 38 so
as to define an annular, constricted, flow aperture 44 located
between the said spaced portions of the annulus 18 and the
cup-shaped member 20 and which separates an upstream annular flow
chamber 46 from a downstream mixing chamber 48.
The annularly arranged air intake means 29 extend vertically
upwardly from the discharge end of aerator 12 to communicate around
the upper edge of ring 28 and into the mixing chamber 48 which is
bounded at its downstream end by screens 22. To prevent discharge
of water through air intake passageways 29, the upper edge of ring
28 is located at a plane upstream of the furthermost downstream
portion of the cup-shaped member 20.
The principal difference between the two forms of construction
shown respectively in FIGS. 1-4 and FIG. 5 is that in FIGS. 1-4 the
barrel 14 is male-threaded, while in FIG. 5 the barrel 14' is
provided at its upstream end with female threads 50 for securement
of aerator 12' to the discharge end of a male-threaded spout
10'.
In the forms of aerator construction disclosed, the screens 22 are
first assembled onto lip 26a of the lower part 16 by a light press
fit, and the parts 16 and 18 are then snapped together by axially
applied pressure which operates to cause lips 26a to first cam
outwardly and to then enter the continuous circumferential groove
40 on annulus 18. While the arrangement of lips 26a in groove 40
permits of relative rotation between the parts, the arrangement
provides a sub-assembly which may be slid into barrel 14 through
the open upstream end. The cup-shaped member 20 is alternatively
dropped into position in annulus 18 before the sub-assembly is slid
into the casing 14 or dropped in after the sub-assembly is in
position. The inturned lips 26a cooperating with annulus 18
provides a construction wherein any tendency of the support struts
26 to spread apart, or lips 26a to move outwardly of groove 40, is
foreclosed by the abutment of support struts 26 against the inner
wall 14c of the barrel. Thus, with use of only plastic parts 16 and
18, there is provided a construction that when inserted in barrel
14 is rigidly maintained in assembled condition without fear of
structural failure or inadvertent dis-assembly.
The slots 42 in jet-forming member 20 provide a series of jets of
water that are outwardly directed to impinge against the convex
impingement surface 36 of annulus 18 to effect a minute break-up of
the water streams, and the incoherent water then passes through
constricted, annular, aperture 44 into the mixing chamber 48 where
air that is drawn in through air intake means 29 is mixed
intimately with the water before passing through screens 22 to
issue as a coherent aerated stream.
As can be seen in FIG. 1, the size of lip 14b on the barrel and the
radial thickness of support struts 26 is so selected that the outer
diameter of sleeve 28 is spaced inwardly of the inner edge of lip
14b, to provide an air gap to the air-intake passageways 29.
The arrangement of the convexly curved impingement surface 36,
surrounding and spaced from the upright wall having grooves 42
therein which terminate upstream of the downstream edge of said
impingement surface 36, desirably produces aeration of the water by
directing the water in jet form outwardly against the convex
impingement surface 36 where there is breaking up of the jets and
the jets then are reflected back against the annular upright wall
of member 20 before passing downstream through the annular
constricted flow passageway 44.
While there has been shown and described a particular embodiment of
this invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that
various changes and modifications may be made therein without
departing from the invention and, therefore, it is intended in the
appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications as fall
within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *