U.S. patent number 3,684,117 [Application Number 05/125,592] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-15 for dial-actuated safety cap.
Invention is credited to Norbert Leopoldi, Kenneth C. Rolin, Sr..
United States Patent |
3,684,117 |
Leopoldi , et al. |
August 15, 1972 |
DIAL-ACTUATED SAFETY CAP
Abstract
A safety cap for a container or bottle which must be dialed to
register a release position by manipulating multiple parts to
coincide at the release position and thereby enable the cap to be
opened or removed and comprising an assembly adapted for
installation on a screw top container or bottle as the primary
closure or as a safety closure in association with a screw cap on
the bottle.
Inventors: |
Leopoldi; Norbert (Chicago,
IL), Rolin, Sr.; Kenneth C. (Grayslake, IL) |
Family
ID: |
22420458 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/125,592 |
Filed: |
March 18, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/206;
70/232 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
55/145 (20130101); Y10T 70/5867 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
55/02 (20060101); B65D 55/14 (20060101); B65d
055/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,98
;70/163,165,167,232,312 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Craig, Jr.; Albert G.
Claims
The embodiments in which an exclusive property or privilege is
claimed are defined as follows:
1. A safety closure for standard screw top containers comprising a
snap ring mounted on the neck of a container, said snap ring having
a plurality of upstanding locking tabs spaced at equal intervals
about the ring, a removable cap engaged over said locking tabs, an
outwardly opening annular recess within the periphery of said cap,
and a continuous locking ring rotatably mounted in said recess,
said locking tabs engaged over said locking ring to secure said
cap, and said locking ring having relief areas coincident with said
locking tabs in one relative position of such ring whereby to
release said cap.
2. The safety closure of claim 1 wherein said removable cap has a
plurality of annular continuous locking rings in said annular
recess, and said locking tabs having means engaged over the
respective locking rings to secure the cap, said locking rings each
having relief areas coincident with the locking tabs in one
relative position of such rings whereby when all of the locking
rings are in said relative position the cap is released.
3. The safety closure of claim 2 wherein the several locking rings
include indicia whereby the coincidental release position of the
rings may be dialed by bringing certain indicia into registry.
4. The safety closure of claim 1 wherein said locking cap is
provided with two annular continuous locking rings in said recess,
said locking tabs each having two recesses respectively for
receiving said locking rings, and said locking rings each having
relief areas coincident with locking tabs in one relative position
of the locking rings.
5. The safety closure of claim 4 wherein the locking rings each
include indicia whereby the coincidental release position of such
rings may be dialed by bringing certain indicia into registry.
6. The safety closure of claim 1 wherein the locking cap is
provided with three continuous locking rings in said recess, said
locking tabs each having three grooves for receiving said locking
rings, and said locking rings each having relief areas coincident
with the locking tabs in one relative position of the locking
rings.
7. The safety closure of claim 6 wherein the locking rings each
include indicia whereby the coincidental release position of such
rings may be dialed by bringing certain indicia into registry.
8. The safety closure of claim 1 wherein the locking cap has four
continuous locking rings in said recess, said locking tabs each
having four grooves for receiving said locking rings, and said
locking rings each having relief areas coincident with the locking
tabs in one position of the several locking rings relative to the
locking tabs whereby any one of the locking rings having its relief
areas displaced from said one position will lock the cap and all
such rings must have their relief areas coincident with the tabs to
release the cap.
9. The safety closure of claim 8 wherein the locking rings each
include indicia whereby the coincidental release position may be
dialed by bringing certain indicia on the several locking rings
into registry.
10. The safety closure of claim 9 wherein said locking tabs are
disposed diametrically opposite to each other.
11. The safety closure of claim 1 wherein said snap ring has a
plurality of inwardly open radially disposed slots providing
relatively flexible container-engaging-portions therebetween
whereby to facilitate application and fitting of the snap ring on
the neck of the container.
12. The safety closure of claim 1 wherein said upstanding locking
tabs extend into cut-outs in said cap in the area of said annular
recess whereby at least a portion of each locking tab is disposed
substantially flush with the surface of the recess.
13. The safety closure of claim 12 wherein the cut-outs in the cap
extend into a bottom flange on the cap whereby to provide clearance
over portions of the locking tabs upon removing the cap.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention is related especially to use with bottles utilized in
the dispensing of various drug preparations including pills and
capsules as well as liquid, particularly prescription formulas
where it is desirable that access to such bottles be prevented by
other than the intended user and particularly excluding children
from the ability to readily open a bottle containing what might
comprise a dangerous drug or a poison. The drug industry has long
felt the need for some means that would safely preclude small
children or senile persons or those who may be retarded from
readily opening a simple screw top container or bottle containing
dangerous drugs or preparations prescribed for a particular person.
The present invention answers this need and provides a safety cap
for such containers which requires a level of intelligence and
understanding necessary to the skill required to operate the
intricately arranged parts in a manner to obtain release of the cap
whereby any person not possessing the knowledge will encounter
difficulty and delay in arriving at the positioning of the parts to
enable removal of the cap.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is the primary object of this invention to provide a safety cap
for drug containers.
Another object of the invention is to provide a safety cap for use
on standard screw top containers.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a safety cap
for use as a primary closure for a container or in association with
a standard screw cap to prevent removal of the screw cap without
first releasing the safety cap.
Still another object of the invention is the provision of a safety
cap for containers which includes a plurality of parts which must
be dialed to coincide at a particular position to release the
cap.
A still further object of the invention includes the provision of a
locking part adapted to be snapped over the usual collar on
standard screw type containers and a removable cap containing a
plurality of movable elements which must be dialed to a
coincidental position for removing the cap from the locking
part.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a dial-operated
safety cap for drug containers including multiple operating parts
which must be moved to a coincident position where an indication is
given that the cap is then removable.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a safety locking
cap for standard screw top containers having a snap ring for
engagement over the usual seat or collar on such containers and a
plurality of upstanding locking parts adapted to interengage with a
removable cap assembly comprised of a cap and a plurality of
locking rings rotatable on the cap to coincident positions
releasing the interengaging relationship of the cap assembly with
the upstanding locking parts whereby the cap and ring assembly may
be removed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects of the invention are attained by
the removable locking cap assembly illustrated in the accompanying
drawings wherein;
FIG. 1 is a general perspective view of the dial-actuated safety
cap assembly;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the several parts of the safety cap
assembly shown in exploded relationship;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view through the safety cap assembly taken at
the ninety degree angle indicated by the line 3-- 3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view through the safety cap assembly
showing one of the dial rings in locking relationship to the
upstanding locking tabs on the snap ring;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are plan sectional views taken respectively on the
lines 5-- 5 and 6-- 6 of FIG. 4 showing the dial rings in FIG. 5 in
the coincident release position and in FIG. 6 in a locked position
relative to the locking tabs;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are plan and elevational views respectively of the
snap ring clearly revealing the upstanding locking tab members;
and
FIGS. 9 and 10 are fragmentary plan views of a dial ring and the
cap member with parts broken away clearly showing the relief areas
which cooperate with the locking tabs to release the cap.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The removable locking cap of this invention comprises an assemblage
of interrelated parts designed to operate in a manner whereby the
parts interengage to lock the cap and certain of the parts must be
manipulated into coincident positions to release the cap relative
to a cooperating part. The assemblage includes a snap ring having
multiple upstanding locking parts adapted for ready mounting on the
neck of standard containers. The associated removable cap is
provided with an annular recess containing a plurality of
continuous rings rotatably mounted in the recess between top and
bottom outstanding flanges. The rings on the cap and the upstanding
locking parts on the snap ring interengage in any but one
coincident position of the rings to lock the cap and the cap is
released only when all of the rings occupy the coincident position
whereupon the cap and ring assembly can be removed from the locking
parts on the snap ring mounted on a container. An important feature
of the inventive concept comprises the dialing of the locking rings
to the coincident position for releasing the cap. All of the parts
of the assemblage are made of a non-metallic material, preferably a
suitable plastic, for ready fabrication and economical
manufacture.
DESCRIPTIONS OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The invention is disclosed as applied to a safety cap having four
rotatable dial rings on the cap but the number of such rings may be
varied and therefore, while the disclosure reveals a preferred form
of the invention, the arrangement may be modified to incorporate
dial operating rings in such number as may be preferred and
depending upon the degree of operating intricacy desired to be
necessary to the manipulation of the safety closure before it is
released for opening. The device may be very simple and utilize but
one dial ring, whereupon the cap could be readily releasable upon
the movement of the one operating part but the multiple ring
installation is preferred inasmuch as such rings can then each
include indicia which when all of the rings are moved to the
coincident release position, can be utilized to indicate that the
assembly is in position to release the cap. To accomplish this the
indicia on the several rings at the coincident position can be made
to spell a word vertically by using one letter on each ring over
the total number of rings such as "O" "P" "E" "N" or "P" "I" "L"
"L" whereby to indicate that the cap is released and ready to be
opened.
In the drawings illustrating the safety closure as proposed to be
used in practice all of the several parts comprising the assembly
are made from a non-metallic material and preferably a suitable
plastic whereby the various parts may be assembled without
difficulty by flexing the pieces to snap them into their operative
relationship. A cap piece 10 is provided with a top cover 11 and
vertical side wall 12 disposed inwardly of the perimeter of the top
wall 11 whereby to provide and outstanding top flange 13. At the
lower extremity of the vertical wall 12 an outstanding bottom
flange 14 is disposed in complementary opposed relation to the
outstanding top flange 13 whereby to define with the vertical wall
an annular recess adapted to receive the dial rings. The bottom
flange 14 and the vertical wall 12 are cut out at diagonally
opposite locations as at 15 as best seen in FIG. 2.
The dial rings 16, 17, 18, and 19 are all substantially identical
and are mounted directly one over the other in the recessed area of
cap 10. The dial rings each have diagonally opposite relief areas
20 which, of course, are spaced on each ring to register with the
cut-outs 15 in the bottom flange 14 of the cap member 10. The dial
rings are rotatable in the cap recessed area about the vertical
wall 12 between the top and bottom outstanding flanges 13 and 14
and may be turned to place the relief areas 20 in any position
relative to the cut-outs 15, either in register therewith, or out
of register. As best shown in FIG. 1, the individual dial rings 16,
17, 18, and 19 are provided with indicia, which may comprise all of
the letters of the alphabet arranged around each ring or symbols or
other indicators to be matched at the release position. As shown,
the several rings are freely rotatable on the cap member 10 but, if
desired, click stop positions for each ring may be provided at any
number of locations around the cap member.
A snap ring 21 completes the safety cap assembly and is best
disclosed in FIGS. 2, 7, and 8. This snap ring includes an annular
base flange member 22 having a plurality of inwardly directed
container engaging portions 23 separated by inwardly opening
radially disposed slots 24 which enable the ring readily to be
snapped over the neck of a container. Upstanding locking tabs 25
are provided on the snap ring at diagonally spaced locations
corresponding with the positions of the cut-outs 15 in the bottom
flange 14 of the cap and the side wall 12 as well as the relief
areas 20 in the inner periphery of each of the dial rings 16, 17,
18, and 19. These locking tabs each have four grooves 26 each
accommodating one of the dial rings. The grooves 26 open outwardly
and are defined by flanges 27 which overlie the respective rings
16, 17, 18, and 19 to lock the cap 10 on a container. It will be
noted that the dial rings are of less height at their inner
periphery than on their outer face. These inner portions are
thereby adapted to be received in the respective grooves 26 under
the flange 27 locking each ring, and thereby the cap 10, when the
relief cut-outs 20 are not in register with the locking tabs 25.
The full height outer periphery of each of the assembled rings on
the cap affords a substantially aligned outer surface of the
several rings as indicated in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 and serves also to
conceal the upstanding locking tabs 25 on the snap ring so that the
cap assembly when installed on a container presents a pleasing
appearance. The dial rings 17, 18, and 19, as indicated in FIGS. 3
and 4, are each positioned on the outstanding flanges 27 on the
locking tabs 25 at diagonally opposite sides of the cap assembly
while the lowermost dial ring 16 rides on the outstanding bottom
flange 14 of the cap member 10. The dial rings, as assembled on the
cap 10, all fit more or less precisely and between the points
engaged by the tab flanges 27 might be said to comprise a mutually
supporting, smooth running assembly wherein any one or more of the
dial rings can be freely rotated about the recessed wall 12 of the
cap member to manipulate the rings to their coincident release
position or to any other position locking the cap assembly with
respect to the upstanding tab locks 25 and the container upon which
the snap ring 21 is mounted either directly or in conjunction with
a screw cap.
The cap assembly is shown in FIG. 4 as applied in the form of a
primary closure on a standard form of container 28. The neck
portion of this container is provided with screw threads 29 and the
usual sealing shoulder 30. The snap ring 21 of this invention is
designed to be applied to the container 28 by fitting over the
shoulder 30 so that the inner peripheral members 23 engage under
the shoulder and securely hold the snap ring in place. The radial
slots 24 between the neck engaging portions 23 enable the ring 21
readily to be snapped over the shoulder 30 and yet provides a tight
fitting attachment. It will be noted in this figure that dial rings
16, 18, and 19 are disposed with their relief areas 20 in registry
with the tabs 25 but the dial ring 17 is out of registry. Thus, the
cap assembly is retained on the container. All of the four dial
rings must be turned to the position with their respective relief
areas 20 disposed in registry with the locking tabs 25 in order to
unlock the cap assembly for removal. So long as any dial ring is
disposed with its relief areas out of registry with the locking
tabs the cap assembly cannot be removed.
If desired a five or six letter word might be utilized at the
coincident release position by including appropriate letters on the
face of the top flange 13 and/or the bottom flange 14 of the cap
member 10 at this location whereby to line up with the four letters
of the rotating rings to spell the desired word and indicate the
release condition.
At the left hand side of FIG. 3 all of the four dial rings are
shown with their respective relief areas 20 in registry with the
locking tab 25. It will readily be seen that the cap assembly thus
can be removed from the locking tabs since the cut-out 15 in the
bottom flange 14 also is aligned with the tabs 25. It will be noted
in FIGS. 3 and 4 that the upstanding tabs 25 extend upwardly into
the side wall cut-outs 15 so that the tabs are disposed within the
thickness defined by the inner and outer surfaces of vertical wall
12 and only the flanges 27 project outwardly beyond the outer face
of this wall. The grooves 26 are thereby positioned to receive the
several dial rings for rotation about the wall 12 and the tabs 25.
At the right hand side of FIG. 3 the rings 16, 17, 18, and 19 are
shown as confined between the top and bottom flanges 13 and 14 on
the cap 10 at a location remote from the position of coincidence
with the upstanding tabs 25 of all of the relief openings 20 and
the cut-out 15 in bottom cap flange 14.
The cap assembly of FIG. 1 is shown with all of the dial rings
rotated to the coincident position for release and removal of the
cap 10. It will be noted that the several rings have been rotated
so that the indicia on the rings, when read vertically, spells the
word PILL at the coincident release position. This might be the
word OPEN, if preferred, as the indication that the locking
assembly is in the coincident release position. The top flange 13
of the cap member is provided with a marker 31 for readily locating
the coincident release position when dialing the rings 16, 17, 18,
and 19 to remove the cap from the container. This can be located at
diagonally opposite points on the face of the flange.
The cap assembly shown applied in FIG. 4 as the primary safety
closure for the container 28 may also be used to provide a safety
closure or attachment for the standard screw cap used on containers
of this type. As shown in FIG. 3, it will be seen that the safety
closure of this invention can be applied over the screw cap and
obtain the same benefits as when used directly as the sealing
closure for this container. Here the screw cap 32 has been turned
onto the threads 29 of the container 28 and is held safely in place
by the overlying safety cap assembly until the safety cap is first
released and removed whereupon the cap 32 may readily be unscrewed.
In this type of application the snap ring 21 is placed over the
shoulder seal 30 as before and the cap 32 is screwed on to the neck
of the container inside the two upstanding locking tabs 25 so that
the safety cap assembly can then be applied in the same manner as
previously. It will be noted that the screw cap 32 engages the
upper side of the shoulder 30 in sealing relation while the
inwardly directed securing members 23 of the snap ring are engaged
under the shoulder. Thus when the safety cap assembly is applied
over the locking tabs and secured by rotation of the dial rings 16,
17, 18, and 19, the under surface of safety cap top wall 11 bears
on the top of the screw cap and effectively prevents its removal
until after the cap 10 is taken off.
Attention should be directed to FIGS. 5 and 6 which clearly show
coincident positioning of the dial rings and their locked positions
respectively. In FIG. 5 the dial rings are indicated as all being
disposed in position with their relief areas 20 coincident with the
locking tabs 25 whereby it can readily be recognized that the cap
assembly, with the locking dial rings thus disposed, can be lifted
off of the locking tabs 25 inasmuch as the outstanding flanges 27
are disposed within the relief areas 20. However, in FIG. 6 the
relief areas 20 are turned to positions beyond the locking tabs out
of registry therewith and whereby the flanges 27 overlie solid
portions of the dial rings so that it is not possible to remove the
safety cap. The conditions illustrated here will apply whether the
safety cap is utilized as the primary closure as in FIG. 4 or as a
safety securement for a screw cap application as in FIG. 3. The
outstanding rim 33 at the bottom edge of each of the dial rings 16,
17, 18, and 19, and which may be knurled, if desired, makes for
ready manipulation of individual ring members when rotating them to
lock the cap or to move the relief cut-outs 20 to the position
coincident with the locking tabs 25 for releasing the cap.
From the foregoing it will be seen that there has been provided a
dial actuated closure for containers used for dangerous drugs, or
possibly poison, which requires an intricate manipulation of
interengaging locking parts to release the closure and wherein the
degree of intricacy of the operating mechanism may be simple or
complex by variations in the number of operating parts incorporated
in the assembly. The closure is adaptable to use in combination
with standard screw tops or may be used directly as the sole
closure for containers of this type and is applicable to standard
containers. The device offords a safe means of restricting the use
of dangerous drugs to the person for whom prescribed and reduces
the possibility of accidental consumption of injurious chemicals or
the like, by other than intended users.
* * * * *