U.S. patent number 3,682,251 [Application Number 05/173,388] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-08 for fire protection system utilizing sprinkler heads with a pressure floor.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Factory Mutual Research Corporation. Invention is credited to William L. Livingston.
United States Patent |
3,682,251 |
Livingston |
August 8, 1972 |
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM UTILIZING SPRINKLER HEADS WITH A PRESSURE
FLOOR
Abstract
A fire protection system and a sprinkler head utilized in the
system, wherein extinguishant is supplied to the sprinkler head
which is actuated by a release of a thermal fuse to discharge the
extinguishant against a deflector disc and form a hemispherical
pattern of droplets. If the fluid pressure in each head does not
attain a predetermined value, the head will not be actuated despite
release of the thermal fuse.
Inventors: |
Livingston; William L. (Sharon,
MA) |
Assignee: |
Factory Mutual Research
Corporation (Norwood, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
22631782 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/173,388 |
Filed: |
August 20, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
169/37; 169/16;
169/42 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A62C
37/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A62C
37/08 (20060101); A62C 37/12 (20060101); A62c
037/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;169/5,16,37,38,39,42 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Culp, Jr.; Thomas C.
Claims
I claim:
1. A discharge head for use in a fire protection system, comprising
a hollow body member having an inlet for connection to a source of
fluid under pressure and an outlet for discharging said fluid, plug
means cooperating with said body member for controlling the flow of
fluid through said body member, means external of said body member
adapted to attain an operative position relative to said body
member in which it retains said plug means in a
fluid-discharge-preventing position relative to said body member,
said external means adapted to move to an inoperative position in
which it releases said plug means to permit the discharge of said
plug means and said fluid from said outlet, fusible means engaging
said external means in a manner to maintain said external means in
said operative position, said fusible means adapted to fuse in
response to a predetermined fire condition and release said
engagement, and pressure-responsive means engaging said external
means in a manner to maintain said external means in said operative
position, said pressure-responsive means being responsive to the
presence of a predetermined pressure in said head for releasing
said engagement upon said fusion of said fusible means and
permitting the movement of said external means to said inoperative
position.
2. The head of claim 1 wherein said plug means extends in said
outlet orifice, and wherein said external means comprises two
levers, the first lever normally engaging said plug means and the
second lever normally engaging said first lever to support said
first lever relative to said body member, and wherein said fusible
means comprises a fusible link engaging both of said levers to
maintain said first lever in engagement with said plug means and
said second lever in engagement with said first lever.
3. The head of claim 2 wherein said control means is responsive to
the presence of a predetermined fluid pressure at said head and
comprises a thread connecting said levers to maintain said first
lever in engagement with said plug means and said second lever in
engagement with said first lever.
4. The head of claim 1 wherein said plug means is released from
said fluid-discharge-preventing position under the force of the
fluid pressure in said body member.
5. A sprinkler head comprising a hollow body member having an inlet
for connection to a source of fluid under pressure and an outlet
for discharging said fluid, plug means cooperating with said body
member for controlling the flow of fluid through said body member,
control means normally engaging said plug means to retain said plug
means in a fluid-discharge-preventing position relative to said
body member, said control means being responsive to a predetermined
fluid pressure in said body member for releasing said engagement
and permitting the release of said plug means from said position
and the discharge of extinguishant from said outlet, and means for
deflecting the extinguishant discharge from said outlet in a manner
to create a mist-like spray at least a portion of which extends in
a substantially radial direction relative to said outlet.
6. The head of claim 5 further comprising additional control means
normally engaging said plug means in a manner to retain said plug
means in said extinguishant-discharge-preventing position, said
additional control means being responsive to a predetermined fire
condition for releasing said engagement and permitting the removal
of said plug means from said position.
7. The head of claim 5 wherein said plug means is released from
said position under the force of the fluid pressure in said body
member.
8. An automatic fixed fire extinguishing system for buildings and
the like comprising a plurality of sprinkler heads located in a
space to be protected, delivery means to deliver extinguishant from
a source of supply to each of said heads, fire responsive means
automatically responsive to a fire developing in said space for
actuating the heads in a sequence dictated by the information
received from the fire to permit the discharge of extinguishant
from said heads towards the fire, means for deflecting the
extinguishant discharged from said heads in a manner to create a
mist-like spray at least a portion of which extends in a radial
direction relative to said outlet, and control means for reducing
the number of heads which will be opened to discharge extinguishant
to the fire as compared to the number of heads which would be
opened by the same fire acting on the same system without said
control means.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein said control means includes means
operatively connected to each head for controlling the opening of
the head with which it is associated.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein said control means is responsive
to the static pressure of the extinguishant at each unopened
head.
11. The head of claim 1 further comprising means for deflecting the
extinguishant discharge from said outlet in a manner to create a
mist-like spray at least a portion of which extends in a
substantially radial direction relative to said outlet.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related to applicant's co-pending U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 72,333, filed Sept. 15, 1970, the disclosure
of which is incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Automatic sprinkler systems for protecting industrial and
commercial properties and employing thermally releasable sprinkler
heads for installation near the top of the space to be protected
are well known. The sprinkler heads utilized in such systems are
supplied with a suitable extinguishant, such as water, by a pipe
network of mains, risers, crossmains, and branches. A majority of
the sprinkler heads used in these systems have a discharge opening
normally closed by a plug retained by a thermal fuse and
collapsible linkage bridging an external loop or yoke. Upon
actuation of the head by collapse of the linkage, the extinguishant
stream issuing from the throat impinges against a serrated
deflector disc to form a hemispherical pattern of droplets
simulating the characteristics of rain.
However, in buildings where the heat of a localized high-challenge
fire establishes a fire column or plume of heights in excess of 20
feet, the fire plume often flares out beneath the ceiling of the
protected space and directly actuates numerous sprinkler heads
located at such a distance from the fire that they are ineffective
to deliver water or other extinguishant to the surfaces of the
materials stored in the building, while the effects of convection
and the circulation of hot combustion products throughout the space
contribute to the actuation of still more remotely located heads.
This contributes not only to redundant and flooding use of the
water but, more significantly, robs water from the heads located
more directly over the fire where it is much more needed.
It will be apparent, therefore, that conventional automatic
sprinkler systems, though adequate for the protection of buildings
and other spaces with relatively low ceilings, are less effective
in high-challenge fire situations where there is adequate ceiling
height for a strong, intense fire plume or column to develop.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a
fire protection system, and discharge head utilized therein,
wherein the number of heads which are actuated by fire are
deliberately limited.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a system
and head of the above types in which each head will open only upon
a predetermined extinguishant pressure being present therein.
Towards the fulfillment of these and other objects, the sprinkler
head utilized in the system of the present invention comprises a
hollow body member having an inlet for connection to a source of
fluid under pressure and an outlet for discharging said fluid, plug
means cooperating with said body member for controlling the flow of
fluid through said body member, control means normally engaging
said plug means to retain said plug means in a
fluid-discharge-preventing position relative to said body member,
said control means being responsive to a predetermined fluid
pressure in said body member for releasing said engagement and
permitting the release of said plug means from said position and
the discharge of extinguishant from said outlet, and means for
deflecting the extinguishant discharge from said heads in a manner
to create a mist-like spray at least a portion of which extends in
a substantially radial direction relative to said outlet.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a building having the
sprinkler heads forming the system of the present invention
installed therein;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a sprinkler head utilized in the
present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG.
2; and
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2, but depicting the sprinkler
head in a different operative mode.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, a building 10 is shown in
phantom lines which is equipped with an automatic fixed fire
protection system 12 embodying features of the invention. The
system comprises a buried feed main 14 connected to a municipal
water supply line 16 for delivering the extinguishant, in this case
water, to a riser 18. The riser 18 is connected to a crossmain 20
which, in turn, is connected to a plurality of branch lines 22.
Each branch line has a plurality of sprinkler heads 24 mounted
thereon which are operated automatically in response to a fire, as
will be described, to deliver a spray of water to the fire. The
buried feed main 14 extends beyond the riser 18 and can be
connected to risers of other buildings or, in the case of a large
building, to other risers in the same building. The crossmain 20
and the branch lines 22 are suspended near the ceiling of the
building in a conventional manner.
The details of each sprinkler head 24 are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Each head consists of a base member 26 having an externally
threaded nipple 28 projecting from the upper surface thereof as
viewed in FIG. 2, and a lower tubular portion 30 projecting from
the lower surface thereof and defining a discharge opening 30a at
its free end. The base member 26 has a through opening 26a which
provides for registration between the nipple 28 and the tubular
member 30. A cylindrical plug 32 extends in the discharge opening
30a and is integral with a disc 33 which extends over the latter
opening. A yoke 34 is supported by the base member 26 and, in turn,
supports a serrated deflector disc 36 at its apex.
A collapsible linkage assembly, comprising two substantially
T-shaped lever arms 38 and 40, is supported by the yoke 34. One
projecting portion of the lever arm 38 engages the disc 33 to
maintain it and the plug member 32 in the position shown in FIGS. 2
and 3, while one projecting portion of the lever arm 40 is
supported by the apex of the yoke 34. The other projecting portions
of the lever arms 38 and 40 engage each other, while the ends of
the lever arms are engaged by a fusible link 42 extending thereover
in a manner to apply a force to the lever arms 38 and 40 of a
sufficient amount to maintain the lever arms in the position shown.
The fusible link 42 may be of any standard material which is
adapted to fuse, or melt, at a predetermined elevated temperature,
and release itself from the engagement with the lever arms 38 and
40.
According to a particular feature of the present invention, a
thread 44 extends around the projecting ends of the levers 38 and
40 in a manner to apply a redundant force to the levers. As a
result the thread will maintain the levers 38 and 40 in the
position shown despite the fact that the fusible link 42 has fused.
The thread 44 may be of any material which is relatively
insensitive to heat.
In operation, the heads 24 are installed in the position shown in
FIG. 1, with the pressure of the extinguishant supplied to each
head being insufficient to discharge its plug 32 from the outlet
opening 30 due to oppositely directed force applied to the plug 32
and the disc 33 by the lever arm 38. Upon the temperature in the
vicinity of one or more of the heads 24 reaching the fusible
temperature of its link 42 which, for the purposes of example, is
286.degree. F., the link 42 will fuse and fall downwardly by
gravity away from the head. In this manner the head 24 will attain
the position shown in FIG. 4, i.e., with the thread 44 providing
the only force maintaining the lever arms 38 and 40 in the position
shown. If the tension applied to the thread 44 via the lever arms
38 and 40 as a result of the extinguishant pressure acting on the
plug 32 is of a magnitude to break the thread 44, the linkage
assembly formed by the arms 38 and 40 will collapse and the plug 32
will be freed for discharge from the discharge opening 30a under
pressure of the extinguishant. The resulting stream of
extinguishant issuing from the discharge opening 30a will impinge
against the serrated deflector disc 36 to form a hemispherical
pattern of droplets a portion of which will extend in a radial
direction relative to the discharge opening and eventually fall
onto the fire, simulating the characteristics of rain.
It is thus seen that according to the present invention each head
can be designed to respond to a predetermined temperature and
pressure depending on the fusion temperature of the link 42 and the
pressure that will cause a breaking of the thread 44. In this
manner, the system can be designed to insure that after a
predetermined number of sprinkler heads have been opened by virtue
of the fusing of their thermal links and the breaking of their
threads 44, any other additional heads will not be opened despite
the fusion of their fusible links 42. As discussed above, this
eliminates the redundant and flooding use of water and prevents
heads located a fairly remote distance from the actual location of
the fire from being opened and therefore robbing water from the
heads directly over the fire in the area where it is critical that
they have sufficient pressure.
Of course, other variations of the specific construction and
arrangement of the fire protection system utilizing sprinkler heads
with a pressure floor disclosed above can be made by those skilled
in the art without departing from the invention as defined in the
appended claims.
* * * * *