U.S. patent number 3,682,227 [Application Number 05/064,864] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-08 for method of making bi-metal crusher liner.
Invention is credited to Jerome C. Motz, Francis Scaffidi.
United States Patent |
3,682,227 |
Motz , et al. |
August 8, 1972 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
METHOD OF MAKING BI-METAL CRUSHER LINER
Abstract
This is a method of forming a wearing assembly for use in
gyratory crushers whereby either the mantle or bowl liner of a
crusher is made of a composition in which a backing member with a
high tensile strength supports a crushing or working surface having
high wear resistance. The working surface is in the form of
discontinuous surface members permanently mounted on or cast
integrally with the backing body and structurally connected only by
the backing body.
Inventors: |
Motz; Jerome C. (Milwaukee,
WI), Scaffidi; Francis (Milwaukee, WI) |
Family
ID: |
22058712 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/064,864 |
Filed: |
July 24, 1970 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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842818 |
Jul 8, 1969 |
3582008 |
Jun 1, 1971 |
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617284 |
Feb 20, 1967 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
164/94 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B02C
2/005 (20130101); B22D 19/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B02C
2/00 (20060101); B22D 19/00 (20060101); B22d
023/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;164/93,94,95
;241/294,295,299,300 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Overholser; J. Spencer
Assistant Examiner: Roethel; John E.
Parent Case Text
This is a division of Ser. No. 842,818, filed July 8, 1969, now
U.S. Pat. No. 3,582,008, issued June 1, 1971, which was a
continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 617,284, filed Feb. 20, 1967, now
abandoned.--
Claims
We claim:
1. A method of forming a wearing assembly for the crushing part of
a crusher of the gyrated head type which includes pouring a
circumferential, generally frusto-conical continuous backing body
of a metal of predetermined hardness formed and adapted to extend
about and be removably supported against the crushing part, and
adding to said backing body a plurality of discontinuous surface
members each of substantial circumferential extent and formed of a
material of greater hardness than the material of the backing body,
while shaping said surface members with an otherwise generally
continuous crushing surface to take substantially the entire
crushing wear of the material being crushed when the crusher is
being operated, and while maintaining a slight separation between
the adjacent peripheral edges of the surface members, whereby, as a
group, they are structurally connected only by the backing body and
present a generally frusto-conical continuous outer crushing
surface.
2. The method of claim 1 characterized by pouring the surface
members in an interlocking relationship with the backing body.
Description
The present invention relates to wear taking bodies or members
which may be used, for example, with cone or gyratory crushers, in
which a crushing head is employed with a surrounding bowl to define
a crushing cavity. A typical crusher of this type is one in which
the cone or head is gyrated within or beneath a bowl. The
particular structures shown in the present application are wearing
parts for use in crushers in which a head is gyrated to cause the
wearing part or mantle of the head to move toward or away from the
wearing part or liner of a surrounding bowl. The two wearing parts
define a crushing cavity into which material is discharged from
above to be reduced. The liner and the mantle take the crushing
wear, and with some materials undergoing crushing this wear may be
tremendous, for example, where taconite is being crushed. In any
event, the liner and mantle wear away, and they may wear away very
rapidly. The choice of materials for such wearing parts has
hitherto been limited, in usual commercial practice, to metals
which have relatively poor wear-taking characteristics, but which
have great toughness, to enable them to stand crushing stresses
without breaking or cracking. In the industry manganese steel has
been a generally accepted material for bowl liners and mantles.
This material, although tough, lacks the hardness of some other
materials, and wears at a more rapid rate. On the other hand the
hard steels, which have the highest wear resistance, are
prevailingly far more brittle than manganese steel, and this
brittleness involves the risk of the formation of cracks or breaks.
Hence, this brittleness, the normal characteristic of the harder
steels, has constituted a serious obstacle to the utilization in
gyratory or cone crushers of those metals which have the highest
wear resistance.
It is a purpose of the present invention of overcome the drawback
of the brittleness of harder metals by employing facing parts of a
metal of very high resistance to wear, these facing parts being
secured to or supported on or against backing or supporting parts
of a different material having greater tensile strength and
adequate resistance to fracture. Thus we provide, in effect, a
composite crushing or wear-taking member in which we are able to
employ for the wearing surface parts metal of adequate hardness for
maximum resistance, while providing, also, a backing or supporting
or connecting structure of a different material, with the necessary
tensile strength to stand up under the pounding, wear and stress
inevitable in the operation of a crusher.
As will appear below, a wear-taking body or wearing part is cast
from metals or alloys having originally, or by treatment, a high
Brinnell hardness. Preferably, such parts or bodies are arranged as
sections or segments about the crushing cavity, as will appear
below.
Referring to the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a partial, vertical, axial section through a type of
crusher having a normally fixed bowl and a head gyrated within and
beneath it;
FIG. 2 is a plan view on a different scale, illustrating a
plurality of wear-taking segments, such as are shown in the lower
half of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial axial section, on the same scale as FIG. 1,
through a variant form of wear-taking segment and backing; and
FIG. 4 is a similar section through a variant form.
Like parts are indicated by like symbols throughout the
specification and drawings.
Referring to the drawings, 1 generally indicates a head which may
be gyrated, the supporting and gyrating structure of the head
forming themselves no part of the present invention. 2 indicates a
bowl structure normally fixed in relation to the crusher as a
whole. It may, for example, be mounted on a circumferential frame,
or on a supporting ring mounted on a circumferential frame, the
details of the frame and supporting connection being not of
themselves part of the present invention.
3 indicates a bowl liner having mounted on its face a wear-taking
surface of harder material or metal, indicated at 4, and preferably
formed in segments or separated parts. The backing portion 3 is
preferably continuous throughout the circumference of the crusher,
but applied to its lower surface are the plurality of wear-taking
elements or segments 4. The surface or wear-taking segments or
separate parts 4 are indicated as dovetailed into the lower surface
of the liner 3, as at 4a. It will be understood that any suitable
means may be provided for uniting the segments 4 firmly to the
backing 3, and the dovetailing is indicated primarily as a matter
of illustration, since it provides a satisfactory method of joining
the two parts. It will be understood, for example, that the backing
part 3 may be preformed and the segments or wearing parts 4 poured
to interpenetrate. 5 is any suitable means, such as a wedge, for
securing the bowl liner 3 in its normal crushing position.
A frusto-conic ring or support 6 is shown which may extend entirely
around the head, a part of which is indicated at 1. The ring 6 may
be of any suitable material which will resist cracking or breaking,
and which is not expected to receive crushing wear. The crushing
wear is to be taken entirely by the subsequently described segments
or surface members 7. Turning to these segments, they may, if
desired, be subsequently poured to interpenetrate with the backing
member or ring 6, as at the dovetails 7a. Thus we provide a
circumferentially continuous mantle or head covering 6, each one of
these continuous members, of a metal which resists breakage, having
formed on its wearing side a plurality of preferably separate
bodies or segments of a harder metal adapted to resist crushing
wear. A wide range of materials may be employed, including
materials not necessarily metal, for example, ceramics. The
material or metal selected for the protected parts 3 and 6 is
chosen to resist breakage and to maintain its original form. The
segments or wearing parts 4 and 7, on the other hand, are of metal
far harder than the hitherto employed manganese steel. It will be
realized, of course, that the invention is not limited to any
specific metal mix or alloy.
In FIG. 2 we provide for the use of a multiple of segments 7,
which, together, extend circumferentially about the lower part of
the gyrated head 1. These segments are independent, in the sense
that they are separated and not a continuous ring. The backing part
6, however, like the backing part 3 of the liner, is continuous and
provides unitary support for the separately positioned segments. An
interval 6a is shown between adjacent segments. This interval may
be somewhat exaggerated in FIG. 2 to emphasize the fact that the
segments are separate parts, are not connected to each other, and,
since they are separated, are freed of the tendency to crack or
break, which a closed ring of the same brittle metal would have. On
the other hand, the mantle and the liner as a whole are tied
together by the backing members 3 or 6, which are of less brittle
material than the wearing faces or segments. Under some special
circumstances a non-metallic backing might be employed, such as an
epoxy resin or a rubber carrier, with the metallic wear-taking
parts or segments taking the entire wear. However, under normal
circumstances, we find it advantageous to employ metallic backing
layers as well as metallic wearing or surface segments.
Any suitable means may be employed for holding the mantle 6 in
position. Illustrated, for example, is a pressure ring 9 of
frusto-conic form which may abut the portion 6d of the backing ring
6. Its upper end may be suitably secured to the gyrated shaft, not
shown, of the head 1, in such fashion as to subject the abutment
portion 6d to a downward and outward thrust, effective to hold the
lower surface of the ring 6 against the outer surface of the head
1. As the head 1 is gyrated, for example, the mantle moves toward
and away from the bowl liner 3 and the entire wear is taken by the
wearing surfaces 4 and 7, respectively. If desired, any suitable
backing material, metallic or non-metallic, may be used between the
outer surface of the head 1 and the opposed surface of the backing
ring 6.
It will be understood that the specific formation, dimensions,
shape and details of the various parts may be widely varied. For
example, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, multiple poured parts may be
employed. In FIG. 3, the part in section may be initially poured of
a suitable backing metal or material, for example, a backing of a
metal which will resist breakage or fracture. This portion is
indicated as at 20. Thereafter, the pouring may be finished by the
application of a wearing layer 21 of substantially harder material
than the backing material or metal 20. When it is poured it can be
poured with dividers. Thus, if four radial dividers are employed
the appearance of the ensuing structure may be as in FIG. 2. In
FIG. 4, the backing portion 25, of a suitable metal or material,
will receive on its upper surface a wear-taking layer 26 which may
be formed in sections generally as shown in FIG. 2, these sections
to be bonded to the full lower ring 25.
The shapes of the circumferential supports 3 and 6 may be widely
varied, and may be formed to fit various types, shapes, or sizes of
head, or of concave, or of both. Whereas the use of four segmental
wear-taking members has been illustrated, this number may be
increased or diminished. A full ring or support is combined with a
plurality of wear-taking members or segments of a suitable metal or
alloy, the individual segments or members being secured in relation
to the backing ring, but being divided apart so that they are free
from the tendency to crack or break.
In accordance with the invention a bowl liner and a mantle are
provided, each of which can be unitarily secured to the bowl or
head with which they are employed, but each of which receives all
wear upon special hard surfaces or members which are permanently
secured to the circumferentially extending backing.
Whereas a practical and operative device has been shown and
described, nevertheless many changes may be made in size, shape,
number and disposition of parts without departing from the spirit
of the invention. The drawings should be taken as in a broad sense
illustrative or diagrammatic rather than as limiting to the
specific disclosure therein.
The use and operation of the invention are as follows:
Various forms of wear-taking assemblies have been shown for use
with a gyrated crusher head, and also with a normally fixed
crushing bowl. In each of these assemblies wear-taking parts of
hard material are exposed to wear, but are backed up by a
circumferentially extending supporting or joining structure of
softer material more resistant to breakage. It is important to have
a plurality of hard or wear-taking parts or segments directly
exposed to the material passing through and treated in the crushing
cavity. These parts or segments perform the crushing or reducing
function and receive all the wear or abrasion inevitable to such
crushing. In each form shown the separate parts or segments are of
a hard material or special alloy, which do not form a closed ring
or cone, but are backed up by the somewhat softer material,
preferably of metal, which forms a circumferentially extending
backing, as at 3 or 6. They are protected from wear and are of a
material chosen to prevent cracking, breakage or rupture. So far as
necessary, an additional backing of a soft metal may be employed,
such as a zinc, or a plastic material, such, for example, as is
sold under the trade name NORDBAK by the assignee hereof.
As example of materials to be employed for the crushing segments or
parts, pearlitic, carbidic white cast iron, or martensitic,
carbidic, chrome-nickel alloyed cast iron, sometimes known as
NIHARD, may be used. Castings from such metal may be brittle and
hard, but they have excellent wear characteristics. The material of
which the backing parts or rings are formed is not critical. What
is important is that a metal or material be employed which will not
readily crack or rupture. Since it is the purpose of the invention
to have the hard wearing portions take the crushing contacts, the
backing structures do not have to have high wear-taking
characteristics.
* * * * *