U.S. patent number 3,682,168 [Application Number 05/044,929] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-08 for sterile liquid entraining system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ahldea Corporation. Invention is credited to David W. Deaton.
United States Patent |
3,682,168 |
Deaton |
August 8, 1972 |
STERILE LIQUID ENTRAINING SYSTEM
Abstract
In a sterile liquid entraining system, a liquid is fed to a
vapor generator from a collapsible liquid container. Initially, the
container is sterilized and is filled with a sterile liquid. Then,
a vapor generator, which may comprise either a humidifier or a
nebulizer, is connected to the container through one of two
normally sealed ports secured to the bottom of the container. As
the liquid flows from the container to the vapor generator, the
container gradually collapses. This prevents contact between the
interior of the container and the atmosphere, and thereby prevents
contamination of the sterile liquid in the container by
microorganisms in the atmosphere.
Inventors: |
Deaton; David W. (Dallas,
TX) |
Assignee: |
Ahldea Corporation (Dallas,
TX)
|
Family
ID: |
21935101 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/044,929 |
Filed: |
June 10, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
128/200.13;
261/DIG.65; 128/200.14; 261/122.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
16/16 (20130101); A61M 16/162 (20130101); Y10S
261/65 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
16/16 (20060101); A61M 16/10 (20060101); A61m
015/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/327,338
;128/194,DIG.24,188,185,186,193,272 ;222/92,81
;261/2,119,76,122 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Dunne; G. F.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A sterile liquid entraining humidifier comprising:
a collapsible liquid container constructed from a flexible and
sterilizable thin walled plastic bag,
said container when in operation containing an amount of fluid such
that an unfilled space exists in the upper portion of said
container,
a humidifier assembly mounted through and supported by the walls of
said plastic bag in the lower portion thereof and including a
pressurized gas inlet member directing pressurized gas through the
fluid in said container to the unfilled space therein, said gas
entraining fluid while passing through the fluid, and a gas outlet
member extending to the unfilled space of the container to convey
humidified gas from the unfilled space to the exterior of said
container, said container tending to collapse as the fluid is
entained in the pressurized gas.
2. The sterile liquid entraining system according to claim 1
further including means forming a seal between the humidifier gas
inlet member and the collapsible liquid container.
3. The sterile liquid entraining system according to claim 1
wherein the gas inlet member includes means for permitting gas to
flow out of the inlet member and into the container and for
preventing liquid from flowing out of the container and into the
inlet member.
4. The sterile liquid entraining system according to claim 1
further including a gas inlet tube connected to the gas inlet
member for directing a gas thereto, and a gas outlet tube connected
to the gas outlet member for receiving the humidified gas
therefrom.
5. The sterile vapor entraining system according to claim 1 wherein
the collapsible liquid container is entirely sealed except for the
point of connection of the humidifier gas inlet member thereto.
6. The sterile vapor entraining system according to claim 1 wherein
the collapsible liquid container comprises a flexible bag and
contains a medically sterile liquid.
7. The humidifier of claim 1 wherein said humidifier assembly
comprises:
a first relatively wide diameter, relatively short gas inlet
cylinder having apertures in the end thereof for permitting gas to
flow therefrom,
a second relatively small diameter, relatively long gas outlet
cylinder extending through said first cylinder.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the practice of the healing arts, the remedies that are
prescribed for a wide variety of ailments include the use of
various gases, including oxygen, oxygen enriched air, etc. Although
these gases are usually supplied in a high pressure, moisture-free
state, the inhalation of a completely dry gas is generally
considered to be injurious. For this reason, it is now common to
employ liquid entraining systems in conjunction with the
administration of medicinal gases.
At the present time two types of liquid entraining systems are in
use. These include humidifiers, which traditionally generate a
vapor comprising the gaseous state of a liquid, and nebulizers,
which generate a vapor comprising very small liquid droplets. In
the operation of both humidifiers and nebulizers, a liquid from a
reservoir is transformed into a vapor, and the vapor is entrained
in a medicinal gas as the gas is administered.
The reservoirs that are employed in conjunction with presently
available liquid entraining systems comprise refillable plastic or
glass jars. Liquid entraining system reservoirs of this type are
unsatisfactory for a number of reasons. For example, hospital
personnel often fail to sterilize the jars between uses. Even if a
jar is sterilized, there is no guarantee that the liquid that is
used to fill the jars is sterile. And, at the present time, the
liquid that is withdrawn from a liquid entraining system reservoir
is replaced with unfiltered room air. Microorganisms carried into a
reservoir with the air can contaminate the interior of the
reservoir, even though the interior was initially sterile.
Regardless of the manner in which microorganisms are introduced
into a liquid entraining system reservoir, there is ample time for
the microorganisms to multiply within the reservoir. This is
because modern liquid entraining systems are capable of operating
for as long as eight hours before it is necessary to refill the
reservoir. During the latter stages of the operation of such a
liquid entraining system, microorganisms that have multiplied
within the reservoir are carried out of the reservoir with the
liquid, and are entrained in a medicinal gas along with the vapor
that is generated from the liquid.
Obviously, the introduction of microorganisms into medicinal gases
is a dangerous practice. Thus, a need exists for a liquid
entraining system in which the interior of the reservoir is
maintained sterile throughout the use of the system. The present
invention fulfills this need, in that is comprises a liquid
entraining system in which the reservoir is sterilized and filled
with a sterile liquid prior to use, and in which contact between
the liquid and unfiltered air is prevented during use.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, a
sterile liquid entraining system includes a vapor generator and a
collapsible liquid container for supplying liquid to the vapor
generator. Initially, the collapsible liquid container is
sterilized and is filled with a sterile liquid. During the use of
the invention, the container is collapsed as the liquid is fed from
the container into the vapor generator so that the interior of the
container does not come into contact with the atmosphere.
Preferably, the container is discarded when it is empty.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of the invention may be had by
referring to the following Detailed Description when taken in
conjunction with the drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a collapsible liquid container in which
certain portions have been broken away more clearly to illustrate
certain features of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the lines 2-- 2 in FIG. 1 in
the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a nebulizer assembly;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 4--4 in FIG. 3 in
the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 4 showing an alternative
construction of the nebulizer assembly shown in FIG. 3,
FIG. 6 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 4 showing another
alternative construction of the nebulizer assembly shown in FIG.
3;
FIG. 7 is an illustration of the use of the nebulizer assembly
shown in FIG. 3 in conjunction with the collapsible liquid
container shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is an illustration of a humidifier assembly;
FIG. 9 is an illustration of an alternative embodiment of the
humidifier assembly shown in FIG. 8, and
FIG. 10 is an illustration of the use of the humidifier assembly
shown in FIG. 8 in conjunction with the collapsible liquid
container shown in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings, a sterile liquid entraining system
employing the present invention is shown. Referring particularly to
FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown a collapsible liquid container 20
useful in the practice of the invention. The container 20 is formed
from a sterilizable, microorganism impervious substance, for
example, a poly-l-olefin, such a polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.,
a polyamid such as nylon, etc. The container 20 is preferably
formed from flexible sheets that are joined into a flexible bag by
conventional bonding techniques, such as heat sealing.
The collapsible liquid container 20 includes a main portion 22
having a support bail 24 secured to its upper end and having a
nebulizer receiving port 26 and a humidifier receiving port 28
secured in its lower end. The ports 26 and 28 comprise tubes
mounted between the sheets comprising the liquid container 20. In
accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, the
ports 26 and 28 are normally sealed by conventional penetrable
seals 30 and 32, respectively. Other sealing mechanisms, such as
tear open strips, can be used in place of the penetrable seals 30
and 32 to close the ports 26 and 28, if desired.
In the use of the collapsible liquid container 20, the interior of
the main portion 22 is initially sterilized. A medically sterile
liquid 34 is then fed into the main portion 22 of the container 20.
The sterile liquid 34 may comprise water or any other liquid, and
may include dissolved medicaments, if desired. After a
predetermined amount of the liquid 34 has been fed into the
container 20, the container is sealed, so that the liquid 34
remains sterile during the transportation and/or storage of the
container 20.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a nebulizer 40 useful in
conjunction with the collapsible liquid container 20 in the
practice of the present invention. The nebulizer 40 includes a
housing 42 which defines a nebulizing chamber 44. The housing 42
has a plurality of ports formed in it, including a liquid inlet
port 46, a gas inlet port 48 and a vapor outlet port 50. The gas
inlet port 48 has a valve 52 mounted in it which may be opened to
facilitate use of the nebulizer 40 in a main stream application, or
closed to facilitate use of the nebulizer 40 in a side stream
application, or may entrain air to mix with the gas entering port
62. The liquid inlet port 46 has a sharp tip 54 and retaining barbs
56, and includes a liquid supply tube 58 which extends through the
port 46 to the bottom of the nebulizer chamber 44. When the
nebulizer 40 is not in use, the exterior of the liquid port 46 is
maintained in a sterile condition by a cover 60.
The operating portions of the nebulizer 40 comprise a pressurized
gas inlet tube 62, a liquid delivery tube 64 and a target 66. The
liquid delivery tube 64 receives liquid from the liquid supply tube
58, and directs the liquid to a liquid delivery orifice 68. The gas
inlet tube 62 directs a high velocity jet of oxygen, air, or the
like across the orifice 68, whereupon liquid is drawn out of the
orifice and liquid droplets are entrained in the gas jet.
The target 66 is supported on the housing 42 of the nebulizer 40 by
a pin and hole connection 70. When the target 66 is removed, the
jet flowing from the tube 62 and the liquid droplets entrained
therein are directed out of the nebulizer 40 through the vapor
outlet port 50. When the target 66 is positioned in the manner
shown in FIG. 3, the liquid droplets entrained in the jet are
directed into engagement with the target 66. The engagement of the
droplets with the target 66 breaks the droplets into very small
droplets having diameters ranging down to about 5 microns. The very
small droplets are then directed out of the nebulizer 40 through
the vapor outlet port 50. At the same time, a portion of the liquid
comprising the droplets that engage the target 66 flows down the
target 66 into the bottom of the nebulizing chamber 44. A more
complete description of the operation of nebulizers of the type
shown in FIG. 3 is contained in U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,406.
Referring now to FIG. 4, the connection between the liquid supply
tube 58 and the liquid delivery tube 64 is shown. In accordance
with the preferred embodiment of the invention, the tube 58 is
connected directly to the tube 64 through a crossover tube 72. A
needle valve 74 is positioned in the tube 58 to control the rate of
flow of liquid to the liquid delivery orifice 68, and to thereby
control the quantity of liquid flowing out of the nebulizer 40
through the port 50. A flow meter, such as the flow meter disclosed
in U. S. Pat. No. 3,034,504, may also be employed in the tube 58 if
desired. When the nebulizer 40 is constructed as shown in FIG. 4, a
hole 76 is preferably formed through the housing 42 to permit
liquid flowing down the target 66 to pass out of the nebulizing
chamber 44.
FIGS. 5 and 6 comprise illustrations of alternative constructions
of the nebulizer 40 in which the liquid supply tube 58 conveys
liquid to, and in which the liquid delivery tube 64 receives liquid
from, the bottom of the nebulizing chamber 44. In the construction
shown in FIG. 5, the nebulizer 40 includes a floating valve 78
which blocks the outlet of the tube 58 when liquid in the bottom of
the nebulizing chamber 44 reaches a predetermined depth. In the
construction shown in FIG. 6, a check valve 80 maintains the liquid
in the bottom of the nebulizing chamber 44 at a predetermined level
by draining excess liquid from the housing 42. In both
constructions, liquid flowing down the target 66 returns to the
quantity of liquid in the bottom of the nebulizing chamber 44.
The use of the nebulizer 40 in conjunction with the collapsible
liquid container 20 is illustrated in FIG. 7. Initially, the cover
60 is removed from the liquid inlet port 46 of the nebulizer 40,
and the exterior of the port 46 is sterilized. Then, the pointed
tip 54 of the liquid inlet port 46 is forced through the penetrable
seal 30 of the nebulizer receiving port 26 until the liquid supply
tube 58 of the nebulizer 40 communicates with the interior of the
main portion 22 of the collapsible liquid container 20. When the
nebulizer 40 is properly positioned relative to the collapsible
liquid container 20, the barbs 56 prevent outward movement of the
nebulizer 40 relative to the container, and the seal 30 of the port
26 cooperates with the exterior of the port 46 to form a seal
between the nebulizer 40 and the collapsible liquid container
20.
After the nebulizer 40 and the collapsible liquid container 20 are
interconnected, the pressurized gas inlet tube 62 is connected to a
source of pressurized gas, and the vapor outlet port 50 is directed
to a patient through suitable hoses, tents, etc. If the nebulizer
40 is to be used in a main stream application, a source of dry gas
is connected to the dry gas inlet port 48, or the port 48 is opened
to the atmosphere, as required. Then, the nebulizer is operated
either with or without the target 66 in place to direct a vapor to
the patient through the vapor outlet port 50. When the collapsible
container is empty, the nebulizer 40 is disconnected therefrom, and
the container is discarded.
During the use of the nebulizer 40, liquid is supplied to the
nebulizer from the collapsible container 20. Due to the collapsible
nature of the container 20, there is no need to admit air to the
interior of the container during the withdrawal of liquid
therefrom. Rather, the container 20 simply collapses as liquid is
fed to the nebulizer 40. Thus, the interior of the liquid container
20 remains sealed throughout the withdrawal of liquid so that the
possibility of contamination of the liquid by micro-organisms in
the atmosphere is completely eliminated.
Referring now to FIG. 8, there is shown a humidifier 90 useful in
conjunction with the collapsible liquid container 20 in the
practice of the present invention. The humidifier 90 comprises a
relatively large diameter gas inlet cylinder 92 having a gas supply
tube 94 extending to it. The upper portion 96 of the tube 92 is
conical in shape and has a plurality of small diameter holes formed
through it.
The humidifier 90 further includes a relatively small diameter gas
outlet cylinder 98. The cylinder 98 extends axially through the
cylinder 92 into communication with gas receiving tube 100, and may
be integrally formed with the tube 100, if desired. The upper end
102 of the cylinder 98 is pointed and has a plurality of holes
formed through it. When not in use, the gas inlet cylinder 92 and
the gas outlet cylinder 98 of the humidifier 90 are maintained in a
sterile condition by a cover 104.
Referring now to FIG. 9, an alternative construction of the
humidifier 90 is shown. The construction shown in FIG. 9 is
identical to the construction shown in FIG. 8, except that the gas
inlet cylinder 92 has a plurality of check valves 106 mounted in
it. The valves 106 function to permit gas to flow out of the
cylinder 92 and to prevent liquid from flowing into the cylinder
92. When the construction shown in FIG. 9 is used, the holes formed
in the upper portion 96 of the cylinder 92 may be of any convenient
diameter.
Referring now to FIG. 10, the use of the humidifier assembly 90 in
cooperation with the collapsible liquid container 20 is shown.
Initially, the cover 104 is removed from the humidifier 90, and the
exteriors of the gas outlet cylinder 98 and the gas inlet cylinder
92 are sterilized. Then, the humidifier 90 is inserted into the
collapsible container 20 by forcing the upper end 102 of the gas
outlet cylinder 98 through the penetrable seal 32 of the
collapsible liquid container 20. The humidifier 90 is forced
through the humidifier receiving port 28 of the collapsible liquid
container 20 until the upper end 102 of the outlet tube 98 is
positioned above the upper surface of the liquid 34 in the
container 20. This positions the upper portion 96 of the inlet
cylinder 92 within the main portion 22 of the container 20, and the
seal 32 of the port 28 and the exterior of the cylinder 92
cooperate to form a seal between the humidifier 90 and the
container 20.
When the humidifier 90 is properly positioned within the
collapsible liquid container 20, the tube 94 is coupled to a source
of gas under pressure, and the tube 100 is directed to a patient
through suitable hoses, tents, etc. Gas entering the humidifier 90
through the tube 94 flows into the interior of the container 20
through the holes formed in the upper portion 96 of the gas inlet
cylinder 92. As the gas flows through the sterile liquid 34 within
the container 20, the liquid is absorbed into the gas. Then, the
gas flows out of the container 20 through the holes in the upper
portion 102 of the outlet cylinder 98, through the outlet cylinder
98, and through the tube 100.
Preferably, the gas that is directed to the humidifier 90 is
sterilized before it is fed into the tube 94. In such a case, the
interior of the collapsible liquid container 20 remains sterile
through out the operation of the humidifier. After all of the
liquid within the container has been absorbed by gas flowing
through the humidifier 90, the humidifier 90 is removed from the
port 28, and the collapsible liquid container 20 is discarded.
From the foregoing, it will be understood that the present
invention comprises a sterile liquid entraining system including a
vapor generator and a collapsible liquid container. In the use of
the invention, liquid is supplied to the vapor generator from the
container without exposing the liquid to the atmosphere. In this
way, contamination of the liquid by microorganisms in the
atmosphere is prevented.
Although specific embodiments of the invention are illustrated in
the drawings and described herein, it will be understood that the
invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed, but is
capable of rearrangement, modification and substitution of parts
and elements without departing from the spirit of the
invention.
* * * * *