U.S. patent number 3,681,955 [Application Number 04/780,637] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-08 for multiple-axial-pin tumbler lock.
Invention is credited to Ronald F. Sturgeon.
United States Patent |
3,681,955 |
Sturgeon |
August 8, 1972 |
MULTIPLE-AXIAL-PIN TUMBLER LOCK
Abstract
A key-operated lock of the multiple-axial-pin tumbler type
comprises a stationary magazine carrying driver pins and a rotary
magazine carrying spring-loaded pins, and is provided with the
following features: (a) the key comprises a tubular shaft and has
fingers which are clamped in position in axial grooves around the
shaft and which are replaceable to adapt the key readily to any one
of a range of lock combinations; (b) the stationary magazine is
removable or has a removable part to permit withdrawal and
rearrangement or replacement of the pins; and, (c) the
spring-loaded pins have non-uniform strokes to increase the
difficulty of determining the pin depressions required to open the
lock.
Inventors: |
Sturgeon; Ronald F. (Bognor
Regis, Sussex, EN) |
Family
ID: |
10474512 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/780,637 |
Filed: |
December 3, 1968 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 7, 1967 [GB] |
|
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55,660/67 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
70/491; 70/307;
70/378; 70/419 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05B
27/083 (20130101); Y10T 70/7853 (20150401); Y10T
70/7593 (20150401); Y10T 70/7277 (20150401); Y10T
70/7701 (20150401); Y10T 70/7893 (20150401); Y10T
70/7932 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
E05B
27/08 (20060101); E05B 27/00 (20060101); E05b
015/14 (); E05b 027/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;70/363,367-369,378,386,389,419-421,370,371 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wolfe; Robert L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A multiple-axial-pin tumbler lock comprising: a tubular body
part; a removable unit mounted within said tubular body part and
comprising a rotary magazine carrying a series of driver pins and
adapted to be turned by a key having fingers engageable with said
driver pins and a stationary magazine carrying a series of
spring-loaded pins of different non-uniform lengths and adapted to
be depressed by the driver pins to free the rotary magazine so that
it can be turned relatively to the stationary magazine, said rotary
magazine having means adapted to cooperate with its driver pins and
prevent their displacement forwardly from the rotary magazine, the
rotary magazine and the stationary magazine being provided with
interengaging means permitting separation of the two magazines
forming said unit for removal from the tubular body part to permit
replacement of the said driver pins, said stationary magazine
having means for retaining the spring-loaded pins captive therein
upon separation of the two magazines from one another, the full
strokes of movement of the spring-loaded pins in said stationary
magazine being non-uniform in extent and selected at random so that
they have no relationship to the lengths of the driver pins which
conform respectively to the finger lengths of the keys, at least
certain of the said spring-loaded pins have waisted portions
intermediate of their ends and the stationary magazine is provided
with stepped bores for receiving said pins, each said bore
comprising an internal part of greater diameter than the
spring-loaded pin contained thereby and a mouth portion
corresponding in diameter to an intermediate part of the
spring-loaded pin having an enlarged base slidable within the
larger one of said stepped bores such that upon depression of the
spring-loaded pins while attempting to rotate the rotary magazine,
an inturned flange on the mouth portion making positive engagement
in the waisted portion of the spring-loaded pin preventable of
depression of said spring-loaded pin to the extent necessary to
free the rotary magazine.
2. A multiple-axial-pin tumbler lock of claim 1, in which said
spring-loaded pins are loaded by springs arranged to bottom at
different effective positions, and including a spring-loaded roller
carried by said rotary magazine, said lock key including a
projection on which said roller is engageable, and said body part
of the lock including structure defining a single cavity allowable
of the roller to be displaced outwardly by said projection, such
that the key can be withdrawn when the roller is adjacent said
cavity.
3. A lock as claimed in claim 1, in which said spring-loaded pins
are loaded by springs arranged to bottom at different effective
positions.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to key-operated locks of the
multiple-axial-pin tumbler type, and to the keys for such
locks.
Multiple-axial-pin tumbler locks are operated by a tubular key
having its working end shaped to coact with a ring of pairs of
axial pins in the lock body. The outer or driver pins of each pair
are of different lengths and the locks can be turned when the
contacting faces of each pair of pins are aligned in a plane which
separates a stationary magazine in which the inner spring-loaded
pins are slidable, from a magazine in which the outer pins are
slidable and which may be turned by the key. Examples of such locks
are described in British Pat. Nos. 940,428 (Lowe & Fletcher
Ltd.) and 1,106,193 and 1,132,531 (Chicago Lock Co.).
It is an object of the present invention to provide, for a lock of
the above multiple-axial-pin type, a key which can be adapted to
any required one of a range of lock combinations.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a lock of
the above type in which the lock combination can be changed without
special tools.
It is a further object of the present invention to improve the
degree of safety against unauthorized opening in a lock of the
above type.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a key
comprising a tubular shaft adapted to be inserted into the lock and
formed on its outer face with a series of axial recesses, a set of
locking fingers of selected lengths seated in said recesses, and
clamping means holding said fingers selectively in position in
register with said recesses which support the fingers.
In further accordance with the present invention there is provided
a multiple-axial-pin tumbler lock in which the stationary magazine
is removable or is formed with a closure member which is removable,
to permit withdrawal and rearrangement or replacement of the
pins.
In further accordance with the present invention there is provided
a multiple-axial-pin tumbler lock in which said inner pins are also
of different lengths or otherwise have different full strokes.
Other objects and features of the invention will appear from the
following descriptions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation showing one form of a
seven-axial-pin tumbler lock according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view corresponding to FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a rear view corresponding to FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a key according to the
invention, for the seven-axial-pin tumbler lock;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are end views corresponding to FIG. 4;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are side and end elevations showing a key finger;
FIG. 9 is a largely sectional elevation showing another form of
seven-axial-pin tumbler lock according to the invention;
FIG. 10 is a front view corresponding to FIG. 9; and,
FIG. 11 is a rear view corresponding to FIG. 9.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3 of the drawings, the lock comprises a
cylindrical casing 10 arranged to be secured in the article to be
locked, and a body part 11 arranged to be rotated by a key such as
shown in FIGS. 4 to 8 and hereinafter described.
The body part 11 comprises a screw-threaded shaft 12 and an
integral magazine 13 which carries, in a ring of axial bores 14, a
series of seven front or driver pins 15.
A collar 16, secured to the casing 10 by keys indicated at 17 in
FIGS. 1 and 3 (or alternatively by one or more radial pegs or
fingers), provides a stationary magazine which carries, in a ring
of axial bores 18, a series of seven rear pins 19 which are loaded
by compression springs 20.
The rear ends of the bores 18 are closed by a washer 21 which is
secured to the collar magazine 16, and the collar with this washer
are secured in position by a circlip 22.
In use, when the front pins 15 are depressed by a tubular-shaft key
being inserted into annular opening 15A and against the action of
the springs 20, until the abutting ends of all the pairs of pins
15/19 are aligned in plane P which separates magazine 13 from
magazine 16, the body part 11 can be rotated to turn a locking
lever or the like (not shown) secured to the rear end of shaft
12.
In prior locks, the rear pins 19 were of uniform length and it was
therefore possible to determine the lock combination by fully
depressing each pair of pins by means of a feeler inserted into
opening 15A. However, according to the present invention, the rear
pins 19 are also of different lengths and thus it is impossible to
determine, by such a feeler, the respective depressions required
for the front pins. Alternatively, the washer 21 may be formed with
a series of different indents indicated at 21A in FIG. 1 which acts
as stops for the pins 19, or the springs 20 may be adapted to
bottom at different depths.
According to a further feature of the invention, the circlip 22 can
be removed to allow withdrawal of the collar magazine 16 and the
body part 11; this allows the pins 15 to be readily rearranged (or
replaced) to change the combination of the lock, and it will be
noted that the body part 11 is formed with an outer shoulder 11A
which acts to prevent the pins 15 dropping out (forwardly) when the
body 11 is removed; the collar magazine 16 complete with the
captive pins 19, may also, be alternatively, be replaced.
It is also to be noted that an existing lock can be modified by
replacing the original collar 16 or by slicing off the rear part of
the original collar to provide for access to rear pins 19 and also
to driver pins 15. A washer 21 and a circlip 22 would also be
provided.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 to 8, the key comprises a body part 23
having a finger piece 24, and formed with a series of seven axial
recesses or grooves 25 which extend along tubular shaft 26 of body
part 23 and enter annular recess 27. The left-hand end of the
tubular shaft 26 is formed with a short outer rib 28 to enter
locating notch 29 in the lock casing and body part (FIGS. 1 and 2)
and an inner rib 30 extends along the shaft to enter locating
groove 31 in the lock body part.
A set of seven fingers is provided for the key and each finger, as
shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, comprises a central shoulder 32, a
positioning limb 33, and a working limb 34; the limbs 33 are all of
the same length whereas the lengths of limbs 34 are different. Each
limb 34 has an inner face curved to mate with a groove 25.
In use, the fingers of the set are selectively positioned on the
grooves 25, in accordance with the required lock combination, and a
clamping collar 35 is then screwed onto the body part 23 to engage
the shoulders 32 and clamp the fingers in their required positions.
For simplicity, only one finger is shown, in broken lines, in FIGS.
4 and 5. The limbs 34, which are slender and relatively fragile,
are guarded against damage by nesting in the grooves 25. It will be
appreciated that keys can readily be supplied to order, the
supplier having stocks of key bodies and of numbered fingers of the
various required lengths; it will also be appreciated that a key
can be changed to suit the new combination of an altered lock.
Referring now to FIGS. 9 to 11, the lock comprises a cylindrical
casing 110 and a rotary body part 111. The body part 111 comprises
a shaft 112 and an integral magazine 113 which carries, in a ring
of axial bores 114, a series of seven front or driver pins 115.
A collar 116 having a key 117 which engages in a slot in the casing
110, provides a stationary magazine which carries, in a ring of
axial bores 118, a series of seven rear pins 119 which are loaded
by compression springs 120. The rear ends of the bores 118 are
closed by a washer 121 which is secured to the collar 116.
The rear pins 119, which are of different lengths, are also formed
with intermediate waisted portions 119A which act to foil attempted
"picking" of the lock. In some prior multiple-axial-pin tumbler
locks, it was possible to open the lock by urging the body part 111
to turn, and then depressing the individual pins whereby the inner
ends of the outer pins 115 engaged the outer mouths of the
stationary magazine bores 118. However, when the rear pins 119 are
waisted, the shoulders at the ends of the waisted portions 119A
engage the bore mouths and, of course, the lock cannot be opened
with the pins 119 in this position.
The inner end part of the shaft 112 is of reduced, non-circular
section and carries discs 140 and 141 which are held in position by
circlip 142. The discs are arranged to rotate, with shaft 112, in a
shaped sleeve member 143 which is secured in position in casing 110
by a pin 144. The front disc 140 engages in a short groove 145 and
is formed with a cut-out 146 which, when aligned with the front
wall of groove 145, allows the disc to pass forwardly free of the
member 143. The rear disc 141 includes an almost semi-circular part
147 having ends 148 arranged to engage part 149 of sleeve member
143 and so provide two limits to the rotation of body part 111.
The end of the shaft 112 is formed as a flat blade 150 and an
output member 151 is formed with a slot 152 in which the blade 150
is in driving engagement. Shoulder 110A on the casing 110 prevents
rearward removal of the magazines. The outer end of member 151
comprises a screw-threaded shaft 112A to which a locking lever or
the like (not shown) is secured.
The lock shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 operates in a manner similar to
that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, but the magazine withdrawal arrangement
is different. In the lock shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the body part 111
together with the magazine 116 may be withdrawn forwardly when the
key is turned to the appropriate position and the disc 140 is free
to move out of its recess in member 143.
At the front end of the lock, a key-retaining roller 153 is carried
by a split spring ring 154 and located in a recess 155 in the body
portion 111. The key in this case is formed with a projection, such
as 28 in FIG. 4, and, when the key is inserted into the lock, the
roller is pushed outwardly into cavity 156 in the casing 110. Thus,
the key can only be inserted and removed when the roller 153 is
aligned with the cavity 156. It will be appreciated that after the
key projection has passed the roller 153, the roller returns to
recess 155 and the key can be rotated. It will also be appreciated
that when the magazines are being withdrawn, the key may be
retained and this will facilitate retraction of the body part
111.
In the present embodiment, only one body cavity 156 is provided and
so the key can only be inserted and withdrawn when the body part
111 is in one predetermined position.
As can be seen from FIG. 10, the lock body part is formed with a
principal locating groove 131 and two supplementary locating
grooves 157, and, in this case, corresponding inner ribs 158, shown
in broken lines in FIG. 5, are provided on the key shaft. According
to yet a further feature of the present invention, the number of
possible lock combinations can be increased by varying the number
and/or position of the additional locating grooves 157 in the lock
and ribs 158 on the key.
Further modifications may also be made without departing from the
scope of the invention.
* * * * *