U.S. patent number 3,681,724 [Application Number 05/158,754] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-01 for mechanically actuated electric switch assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Joseph Emanuel Shepard.
United States Patent |
3,681,724 |
Shepard |
August 1, 1972 |
MECHANICALLY ACTUATED ELECTRIC SWITCH ASSEMBLY
Abstract
A highly reliable and readily serviceable electric switch is
afforded by a simple and inexpensive magnetic reed switch capsule
and a pair of tubular magnets slidably arranged over the capsule.
Like magnetic poles on the annular faces adjacent each other hold
the magnets apart until they are brought together by mechanical
switch actuating means. When brought together by the actuating
means, the change in the magnetic field about the reeds actuates
the magnetic reed switch contact elements. A minimum of mechanical
wear is encountered, and the magnetic reed switch capsules are
quickly and conveniently replaceable. A plurality of such magnetic
reed capsules may be actuated by a single pair of tubular magnets.
All of the reed switch elements may be activated substantially
simultaneously or the capsules may be offset with respect to one
another for actuating the various reed contact elements
sequentially. Push button arrangements are described for keyboard
applications.
Inventors: |
Shepard; Joseph Emanuel (San
Jose, CA) |
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22569554 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/158,754 |
Filed: |
July 1, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
335/207;
335/206 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
36/004 (20130101); H01H 2221/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
36/00 (20060101); H01h 005/02 (); H01h
051/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;335/205,206,207 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Envall, Jr.; Roy N.
Claims
1. A mechanically actuated electric switch assembly in a probe
arrangement having slight mechanical force exerted along said probe
arrangement when said probe is actuated comprising,
a tubular shell member having at one end thereof a nose piece for
contacting a workpiece,
a frame member rigidly mounted in said shell member,
an electric switching component including a tubular nonmagnetic
envelope having at least a pair of magnetic reed elements having
cooperating electric contact portions arranged therein and electric
lead portions extending outwardly,
a pair of tubular magnets slidably arranged over and supported
solely by said envelope with like magnetic poles at opposing
annular faces adjacent said reed elements,
mounting members arranged on said frame member
said switching component with said tubular magnets thereabout being
fastened by said electric lead portions into said mounting members,
and
a sleeve member slidably arranged over said shell member, supported
thereby on a resilient member fixed at one end to said shell member
for deriving said force when the probe is actuated, and having
means intruding into said shell member by way of an aperture
therein and arranged in conjunction with at least one of said
tubular magnets for moving the same
2. A mechanically actuated electric switch assembly in a probe
arrangement as defined in claim 1 and wherein
3. A mechanically actuated electric switch assembly in a probe
arrangement as defined in claim 1 and incorporating
further electric components arranged with said electric switching
component
4. A mechanically actuated electric switch assembly in a probe
arrangement as defined in claim 2 and wherein
said electric switching component is arranged with the tubular axis
thereof
5. A mechanically actuated electric switch assembly in a probe
arrangement as defined in claim 4 and wherein
said mounting members are comprised by portions of an electric
circuit board arrangement.
Description
The invention relates to mechanically actuated electric switch
assemblies, and it particularly pertains to such assemblies using
magnetic reed switch capsules.
Electric switch arrangements are, of course, quite old. Magnetic
reed switches have been used in relays for some time. They are
hermetically sealed to provide long life and have favorable bounce
characteristics upon closing which make them ideal in operating
electronic switching circuits directly. Commercially available
magnetic reed switches will handle relatively large currents,
enabling them to operate solenoids and other high current devices
directly. These commercially available magnetic reed switch
capsules are sufficiently identical in production that they are
desirable for electrically operated switches in typewriter
keyboards and the like.
Examples of magnetic reed switch assemblies and applications are
reflected in the following U.S. patents:
3,204,059 8/1965 Saaty 200-87 3,233,061 2/1855 Jones 200-87
3,251,962 5/1966 Jones 200-87 3,260,821 7/1966 Yokoo 200-87
3,283,274 11/1966 De Falco 335-206 3,363,737 1/1968 Wada et al.
197-98 3,449,700 6/1969 Gillilan 335-188 3,457,368 7/1969 Houcke
178-17 3,458,839 7/1969 Heetman 355-152
and in the technical literature:
J. w. berkman, "Toggle Switch," IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin
Vol. 4, No. 11, Apr. 1962, p. 19.
J. w. berkman, "Magnetically Actuated Switch," IBM Technical
Disclosure Bulletin Vol. 5, No. 5, Oct. 1962, p. 27.
P. s. bolan, R. W. Keim and C. R. Campbell "Multiconfiguration
Pressure Switch" IBM TDB Vol. 8, No. 7 Dec. 1965, p. 954.
L. f. darius and F. O. Underwood, "Toggle and Momentary Reed
Console Switch Assembly" IBM TDB Vol. 9, No. 12, May 1967, p.
1702-3.
R. j. redmond, "Pluggable Reed Relay" IBM TDB Vol. 11, No. 3, Aug.
1968, p. 243.
D. e. cuzner and C. N. Walls, "Mechanically Actuated Magnetic
Switch" IBM TDB Vol. 11, No. 3, p. 346.
The disclosed arrangements have provided satisfactory
electromagnetically operated reed switch assemblies and also some
mechanically actuated assemblies as well. However, mechanically
operated magnetic keyboard switches have been expensive to
manufacture requiring precision control over the mechanical parts
and careful selection of the parts and magnets within very close
tolerances. Further in the manufacture of mechanically operated
magnetic switches of the class described, more and more small parts
have been added to the switch assemblies for providing the desired
operations. Consequently, a high percentage of mechanical failure
rendered these switches inoperable in relatively short service time
although the electric components remained unimpaired. An especially
difficult problem with all mechanically actuated keyboard switches,
is the use of springs for insuring uniform contact pressure and/or
release of the actuating mechanism and/or opening the switch
contacts. The trend of development is for lighter and lighter touch
factors which work against the trend for heavier contact pressures,
or at least more uniform contact pressures which are difficult to
obtain with light springs. In addition springs are one of the more
expensive components making up a mechanically actuated switch
assembly.
The objects hereinbefore indirectly referred to and others that
will appear as the specification progresses are attained in a
switch assembly using a pair of tubular magnets mechanically
slidably arranged about one or more magnetic reed switch capsules.
The electric lead elements of the magnetic reed capsules may be
mounted in almost any conventional manner, such as between a pair
of binding posts of non-magnetic material. With such a mounting
arrangement, the tubular magnets are simply slipped over the
capsule with the opposing faces of the tubular magnets of like
polarity. In this manner the two magnets automatically assume the
maximum spacing possible within the limitations imposed by the
binding posts. In this initial position, the magnets are
ineffective to actuate the magnetic reed elements. Simple actuating
means, for example simple pins, spring fingers, and the like are
used to move one or both of the magnets for bringing them closer
together. In the closer position magnetic reed elements are
actuated and the switch is closed, opened or transferred in
accordance with the contact arrangement within the particular
capsule. In the average installation, moving but one magnet is
preferred in the interests of simplicity. Where a switch is to be
actuated by two separate means, it is contemplated in the interest
of simplicity again that these separate means will be coupled
individually to the magnets.
Further, according to the invention, a plurality of magnetic reed
switch capsules are clustered and a suitable pair of tubular
magnets are arranged to slide over the entire cluster. In this
manner the plurality of electric circuits are opened and/or closed
simultaneously as desired. Such an arrangement is highly
advantageous for keyboards and the like. Many keyboard
installations require a plurality of switches to be opened and/or
closed in sequence, and this is accomplished according to the
invention, by offsetting the capsules one to another in such manner
that the switch elements of one capsule are completely actuated
before the switch elements of the second capsule are actuated and
so on.
Key tops of simple construction are given configuration
complementary to the configurations of the frame members as to
simplify manufacture, reduce the total number of parts and improve
the reliability of all of the components. Frame members may be
especially designed for electric switches as separate components or
as parts of machines in which switch elements according to the
invention are installed multiple.
In order that full advantage of the invention may be obtained in
practice, preferred embodiments thereof, given by way of example
only, are described in detail hereinafter with reference to the
accompanying drawing, forming a part of the specification, and in
which:
FIG. 1 illustrates an electric switch according to the invention as
used in a probe for a data processing system;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of the operation of an electric switch
assembly according to the invention; and
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a component keyboard switch assembly
according to the invention.
A typical application of an electric switch assembly according to
the invention is shown in FIG. 1. A probe 10 forms part of manually
operated optical scanning apparatus, such as that shown and
described in the copending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. (not yet
assigned--IBM docket SA9-70-040) of David Harwood McMurtry filed on
the 30th day of June, 1971. In that system, as in many such
systems, it is desirable that a switch be closed when the probe 10
is touched to a document to be scanned. Simple electric switches
would seem to be adequate, however, the greatest single component
failure with probes of this type to date have been in the probe
operate switch. A switch assembly according to the invention as
shown in the upper end of the probe 10 has obviated this nagging
difficulty. The probe 10 comprises a nose piece 20 which is fitted
into one end of a cylindrical barrel 24. At the other end of the
barrel an upper end fitting 24 is affixed. Arranged about the
barrel 22 is a tubular sleeve 26 which is grasped by the hand of
the operator using the probe. A spring 28 arranged in the end
fitting 24 has one end pressing between the barrel 22 and a switch
actuating pin 30. The latter is fastened to a collar 32 which
surrounds the barrel 22 and passes through a slot 34 in the barrel.
The upper end of slot 34 determines the normal relationship of the
barrel 22 and the sleeve 26. The pin 30 in the slot 34 also
confines the rotational movement of the collar 32; while the sleeve
26 is allowed full freedom to rotate about the barrel 24. A circuit
board 36 of conventional form is arranged in the barrel 22 to one
side of the slot 34. An electric switch assembly 40 according to
the invention is arranged in operating relationship to the pin 30.
When the operator, using the probe 10, presses the nose piece 20
against the document to be scanned, the relative motion of the
probe assembly forces the barrel 22 upward inside the sleeve 26 so
that the switch actuating pin 30 moves relatively downward in the
slot 34. This relative movement is used to actuate an electric
switch assembly 40 according to the invention.
The electric switch assembly 40 comprises a magnetic reed switch
capsule 42. The capsule 42 comprises an envelope 44 of non-magnetic
material, conventionally glass, into the walls of which are sealed
a pair of electric leads 46, 48. These electric leads 46, 48 are
integral with a pair of magnetic reed elements 52, 54 supported in
the envelope 44 in cantilever configuration. The reeds 52, 54 have
electric contacts 56, 58 adjacent one another centrally of the
envelope 44. A pair of tubular magnets 62, 64 are loosely arranged
about the envelope 44. The magnets, which may be of barium ferrite,
are polarized so that the annular faces at the ends thereof are the
magnetic poles. Magnets are placed over the envelope 44 with like
poles on the adjacent annular faces. This switch assembly 40 is
then fastened to the circuit board 36 near the electric switch
actuating pin 30 by passing the electric leads 46 and 48 through
the board in conventional manner in prearranged apertures. A simple
block stop 66 is fastened to the circuit board 36 near the magnet
64. The magnets 62 and 64 repel each other so that in the
unactuated position the magnet 62, 64 are urged against the switch
actuating pin 30 and the stop 66 respectively. When the pin 30 is
moved relatively downward the magnet 62 travels to the center of
the envelope 44 and the magnetic field thus moved downward causes
the magnetic reeds 52, 54 to bring the contact 56, 58 together
completing the electric circuit and indicating to the operator and
the associated apparatus that the probe 10 is operative. The
simplicity of construction is evident from the foregoing
description.
The operation of the switch assembly 40 according to the invention
may be more readily understood with reference to FIG. 2. A slightly
different mounting arrangement is shown here. A pair of binding
posts 68 are arranged on circuit board 36'. The binding posts 68
have slots cut partly through the posts so that leads 46' and 48'
may be inserted and held in place by tightening screws 69. This
simple structure permits changing capsules without the desoldering
and resoldering process necessary with circuit boards or other
soldered circuit connections. A bifurcated nonmagnetic finger 30'
is also shown for moving one magnet 62. Obviously other simple
actuators will be suggested to those skilled in the art. The
support post 68 also acts as a stop for the magnet 64 as shown.
When the magnet 62 is moved toward the magnet 64 the balance of the
magnetic fields is changed. As the magnet 62 approaches the
contacts 56 and 58, the reeds 52 and 54 are bent toward each other
closing the contacts 56, 58. If the magnet 62 is moved farther
toward the magnet 64, the contacts remain closed. This overtravel
is of considerable advantage. The drawing is not to scale, hence
the relative movement may be misleading as illustrated. In many
switch assemblies, an actuator movement of 0.070 inches is
sufficient. If both magnet 62 and 64 are moved together
simultaneously, the balance of the fields remains unchanged and the
switch will remain open.
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a pushbutton switch assembly with a
multiple of magnetic reed switch capsules. A base member 36" ,
which may be a printed circuit board, has a multiple of apertures
therein for accepting electric leads 48'. Adjacent each aperture is
a metal clip or contact spring for making electric contact with one
electric lead of a capsule, and for making connections to other
electric circuits as required. A multiple of capsules 81 through 87
have one electric lead 48' inserted in an aperture in the base
member 36" . The other electric leads 46' pass through similar
apertures in a header plate 88. This header plate 88 is conductive,
but alternatively it is nonconducting for applications where
separate connectors are necessary. In either case spring clips 92
hold the leads 46' firmly. A conductive post 94, which may be one
of three such posts 94, 95 and 96 is arranged to connect electric
leads 46' through clips 92 to a terminal 98 beneath the frame
member 36" . Thus, if all of the leads 46' are connected in common,
a single conductive post 95 is sufficient for bringing out the
common connection. Alternatively, more such connections may be
brought out as required. A ring or tubular magnet 64' is fastened
to the bottom of the switch assembly; a holddown spring clip 99 on
the post 98 is one suggested arrangement. A movable ring or magnet
62' is positioned above the magnet 64' in a molded key top 110. The
key top 110 has a shoulder 112 which is arranged to butt upward
against the top plate in a keyboard; for example, as illustrated by
the plate 114 and alternatively against an upper lip of a wall
structure 116, as illustrated on the other side of the top 110 on
the plate 114. Such a wall structure may be one of four walls
forming a key component package. The repelling force between the
two magnets 62' and 64' forces the key top 110 upward until finger
pressure is used to depress the key top 110 and the upper magnet
62'. An annular slot 118 is arranged in the key top 110 for
accepting a split ring whereby the key top 110 and the magnet 62'
form a unit assembly. Alternatively, the key top may be molded
about the magnet 62' or the latter may be cemented in the key top.
Much of the time key tops are circular in cross section so that if
the top must be oriented as it would be if letters or figures were
engraved in it, a slot 122 is arranged vertically in the shell of
the key top 110 into which a guide lug 124 as shown in FIG. 4 is
arranged for preventing the key top 110 from rotating about its
longitudinal axis. This lug 124 may be held in place in any manner;
the arrangement shown here with respect to a sidewall 116 is but
one suggestion.
The electric switch capsules 81-87 are adjusted in the clips for
making contact as desired when the push-button 110 is depressed. In
many applications some or all of the capsules will be arranged for
substantially simultaneous actuation. In other applications the
capsules will be staggered as shown so that the opening or closing
of the contacts occurs at differing intervals. An example of such
an arrangement is a serial signal encoding scheme where seven
contacts are closed one after the other. Different keys for
different characters will have a differing number of capsules.
Normally open capsules, normally closed capsules and transfer
capsules are available and any combination of such capsules may be
used according to the invention. An interlocking arrangement is
readily obtained. One magnetic reed capsule is arranged for
actuation last. As the pushbutton is depressed the earlier actuated
switches set up the coding desired and as the strobe capsule is
actuated a flip-flop circuit is activated for latching the keyboard
out of operation until the pushbutton is released which will reset
the flip-flop readying the keyboard for the next operation. A time
delay circuit may be included for insuring complete release.
There are a considerable number of advantages of the switch
assemblies as described. No springs are needed to operate the
arrangement. Several switches can be arranged in a very small
compact space. Very short key travel is required with very light
pressure. Keys can be moved or replaced or interchanged readily.
The switch assembly is inexpensive and easy to build.
While the invention has been shown and described particularly with
reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, and various
alternatives have been suggested, it should be understood that
those skilled in the art may effect still further changes without
departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as defined
hereinafter.
* * * * *