U.S. patent number 3,680,556 [Application Number 04/868,324] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-01 for diving helmet.
This patent grant is currently assigned to U.S. Divers Co.. Invention is credited to Bevly Boone Morgan.
United States Patent |
3,680,556 |
Morgan |
August 1, 1972 |
DIVING HELMET
Abstract
A diving helmet comprising a plastic or elastomeric hood having
open cellular foam for conformance to a diver's lateral facial
configuration, and connected to a rigid shell having a viewing
port, the shell being connected to the hood by a split band
circumscribing the shell overlying a flange of the hood, the band
having a plurality of projections which cooperate with an
elastomeric spider to maintain the helmet in secured relationship
on a diver's head. The shell has an adjustable breathing gas demand
regulator, and a second breathing gas source in the form of a valve
that serves the function of introducing gas directly into the mask
on a controlled basis, as well as providing for the introduction of
emergency breathing gas into the helmet; the shell having a valve
port for exhausting gases introduced in the foregoing manner, and
any water residing in the shell.
Inventors: |
Morgan; Bevly Boone (Santa
Barbara, CA) |
Assignee: |
U.S. Divers Co. (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
25351444 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/868,324 |
Filed: |
October 22, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
128/201.15;
128/201.27 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63C
11/06 (20130101); B63C 2011/128 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63C
11/02 (20060101); B63C 11/06 (20060101); A62b
007/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/142.2,14R,141,142,142.3-145R,145.5-145.8,145A,147,146
;2/2.1,173.5,14B,14C |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Mitchell; J. B.
Claims
I claim:
1. A diving helmet for use with a source of breathing gas connected
thereto comprising:
a substantially stiff shell forming a cavity for the receipt of
breathing gas under pressure and having a major opening through
which a portion of a diver's facial configuration can extend and
adapted to form a constant space between a user's face and the
interior surface of the major opening of said shell in at least one
portion thereof;
a port in said shell proximate to where a diver's field of vision
is obtained;
a transparent face plate sealing said port from water passage into
said shell;
means for introducing breathing gas into said shell;
a resilient deformable seating means attached to said shell and
placed at least in part around the inner periphery of said cavity
proximate to said major opening through which a diver's face
extends providing in the space between a user's face and the
interior surface of the majority opening a seal when there are no
substantial pressure differentials between the interior of said
shell and ambient water pressure so that upon a decrease in
pressure of substantial nature within said shell with respect to
ambient pressure, said seal will permit ambient water to pass into
said shell by deforming into said shell; and,
means to secure the helmet to a diver's face.
2. The helmet as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said resilient deformable sealing material comprises a foam
elastomer.
3. The helmet as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means for
introducing a breathing gas to said helmet at least in part
comprises;
an adjustable valve with an inlet port and connected to said shell
through an outlet port thereof for introducing breathing gas across
the face plate thereof to provide a source of breathing gas to said
helmet as well as removing fog and condensation from the interior
portion of said face plate.
4. The helmet is claimed in claim 1 further comprising:
a demand regulator connected to said shell for introduction of
breathing gas from a source of such gas wherein said demand
regulator is adjustable to provide gas upon inhalation by a user
under different inhalation and ambient pressures;
an adjustable valve with an inlet port connected to said shell
through a first outlet port thereof for introducing breathing gas
under pressure; and,
a bypass manifold in said adjustable valve to a second outlet port
for connection through said demand regulator so that when the
adjustable valve is not passing gas through said shell through said
first inlet port, it can deliver gas to said demand regulator.
5. The helmet as claimed in claim 4 wherein:
said valve further comprises a second inlet port extrinsic to said
first inlet port, said first inlet port incorporating a one way
valve thereinto so that a first and second source of breathing gas
under pressure can be delivered to said valve and bypass for
release respectively through said outlet ports.
6. The helmet as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means for securing
said shell to a diver's face comprising:
a plurality of elastomeric arms extending from a common joindure,
said common joindure being at the back of a diver's head when said
helmet is in use;
a plurality of projections placed around at least a portion of the
outer port of said shell for connecting said arms thereto; and
means on said arms for connecting them to said projections.
7. The securing means as claimed in claim 6 wherein said means
comprise:
projections extending from the circumferential periphery of said
shell in the form of appendages ending to enlarged rounded
portions;
openings within said arms for placing over the rounded portion of
said appendages.
8. The securing means as claimed in claim 6 further comprising:
a loop attached to said arms for placing over said projections.
9. The helmet as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said hood is joined to said shell by a band circumscribing said
shell with a portion of said hood lying between said circumscribing
band and said shell in tight relationship therewith to provide
securement of the hood with said shell.
10. The helmet as claimed in claim 9 wherein:
a hood is joined to the shell of said helmet;
said band is split and connected by protuberances in overlying
juxtaposed relationship with a fastener holding the protuberances
of each band in connected relationship.
11. An underwater diving helmet comprising:
a demand regulator;
a relatively stiff shell forming a cavity for the receipt of
breathing gas under pressure from said demand regulator having a
major opening defining edge regions adapted to be constantly at
least partially in spaced relationship from a user's face with a
seal means comprised of a resilient deformable material in
proximity to said opening thereof for placement against the facial
configuration of a diver;
a port in said shell proximate to where a diver's field of vision
is obtained;
a transparent face plate sealed into said port;
an inner mask for covering at least a portion of a diver's mouth
and connected to the demand regulator for delivery of breathing gas
to the mouth of a diver;
means to secure said diving helmet over a diver's head for placing
the seal means in proximity to a diver's face so that upon a
decrease in pressure within said relatively stiff shell with
respect to ambient water pressure said resilient material will
deform inwardly and allow water to pass into said shell.
12. The helmet as claimed in claim 11 further comprising:
means for moving a closure over the nose of a user from the outside
of said shell.
13. The helmet as claimed in claim 12 wherein said closure means
comprises:
an axially moving member for movement within an opening of said
shell;
sealing means for substantially preventing water from entering the
interior of said rigid body where said axially moving member passes
therethrough; and
a resilient body for covering the nasal openings of a diver when
said axially moving member is moved inwardly toward the nose of a
diver.
14. The helmet as claimed in claim 11 further comprising: a hood
which is joined to the shell of said helmet.
15. The helmet as claimed in claim 11 wherein said means for
introducing breathing gas under pressure comprises:
a valve with an inlet port for receiving breathing gas;
an outlet port in said valve connected to said shell for the
passage of gas into said shell therefrom;
a second outlet port within the body of said valve for connection
to said demand regulator.
16. The helmet as claimed in claim 15 further comprising:
an exhaust valve in said shell for causing overpressures and
exhaled air to be emitted therethrough.
17. A diving helmet comprising:
a stiff shell having a cavity for the receipt of breathing gas and
a major opening for a diver's face, said shell having edge portions
which define regions adapted to be constantly in spaced
relationship from a user's face;
a demand regulator adapted to be connected to a source of breathing
gas;
an inner mask in said shell for covering at least a portion of a
diver's mouth which is connected to said demand regulator for
delivery of breathing gas from said demand regulator into said
inner mask;
a manifold valve with a first and second outlet, with said first
outlet connected through said shell, and said second outlet through
said demand regulator into said inner mask;
elastomeric means for securing said helmet to the face of a
diver;
and, a resilient deformable seam means attached to the opening of
said shell for providing a seal when there are no substantial
pressure differentials between the interior of said shell and
ambient water pressure so that upon a decrease in pressure of a
substantial nature within said shell with respect to ambient
pressure, said seal will permit ambient water to pass into said
shell by deforming into said shell.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The field of this invention lies in the art of diving helmets.
Activity in commercial underwater diving has increased dramatically
within recent years. However, much of the apparatus relates to
underwater life support has not kept pace with the increased
activity and the attendant need for advanced diving equipment. This
is particularly true where divers remain submerged for long periods
of time to service drilling rigs another devices used for
underwater exploration and mineral recovery.
Self contained breathing apparatus is insufficient and serves to
encumber the activities of a commercial diver during extended
periods of time under water. The instant invention provides a diver
with a life support system which enables the diver to work
effectively for long periods of time under water. Prior life
support systems, particularly those portions comprising helmets and
masks for usage under water during extended periods of time have
not been serviceable, nor provided the diver with a safe and
comfortable helmet. Such helmets and masks are usually fed by a
source of breathing gas pressurized at the surface through a hose
commonly referred to in the art as an umbilical. The umbilical is
commonly fed by a compressor or pressurized tank of breathing gas
at the surface.
One of the major drawbacks of prior art masks is the fact that when
a decrease in pressure occurs in the umbilical, due to an
interruption in the supply source, the loss can have dire
consequences to a diver aside from the loss of breathing gas. Some
masks are equipped with one-way valves to prevent this problem, but
these valves are subject to failure. With the loss of source gas
the remaining gain the mask and the umbilical tends to seek a less
pressurized state and the mask has a vacuum condition created
therein if there is no one way valve or it fails. This is due to
the pressure at increased depths causing the gas at those depths to
seek a lesser pressure at shallower depths or at the surface. The
foregoing vacuum condition causes the prior art masks to collapse
and draw into the diver's facial flesh creating a substantially
irreversible seal and further increasing the vacuum condition. This
condition is so severe that it will pop the eyeballs of the diver
out of the sockets and draw his tongue into a contorted condition
out of his mouth. Furthermore, there is often an attendant rupture
of the blood vessels of the diver and the condition can greatly
jeopardize a diver's life.
Prior art dividing helmets have not had a breathing gas demand
regulator which is adjustable to provide for differentials in depth
and breathing pressure changes. The instant invention overcomes
this deficiency by providing an adjustable demand regulator which
serves to effectively compensate for changes in depth pressure as
well as the desired inhalation pressure forces of a particular
diver.
Prior art masks do not incorporate a suitable hood configuration
which helps to keep the diver's head warm and at the same time
position the mask and communication earphones in a comfortable
manner. The instant invention provides a hood in conjunction with
the entire helmet which is easily placed on a diver's head and can
be taken off rapidly should an emergency develop. The prior art
masks merely had a series of strips which held a mask in place by
pressing it against a diver's facial flesh. The instant invention
has a unique spider that holds the helmet in place, and serves to
comfortably position it in a balanced and serviceable manner.
The prior art did not incorporate a combination valve which acted
as a manifold for feeding a demand regulator, as well as providing
a steady flow of air into the mask and a fog or condensation
eliminator when desired. The instant invention provides such a
feature as well as an additional component which incorporates an
attachment for connection to an emergency gas supply.
Prior masks usually have spaces which create undesirable quantities
of CO.sub.2. The instant invention overcomes this by an oral-nasal
cover which reduces the dead space in the diver's mask, as well as
incorporating a pressure equalizing means therethrough.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides a commercial diving helmet which will not
physically jeopardize a diver when the source of breathing gas is
terminated from the helmet. The helmet also incorporates features
related to the introduction of the breathing gas supply and overall
operation which in combination enable a diver to function more
effectively.
The invention partially resides in a stiffened or substantially
non-deformable shell which will not collapse upon evacuation of the
gas from the helmet when the helmet is under water. The shell in
conjunction with the hood and face seal functions to provide a safe
and comfortable helmet which will not injure a diver upon gas
evacuation as is the case with prior helmets, and masks. The rigid
shell holds the face seal in a manner such that the mask will flood
with water rather than subject the face to a substantial lowering
of pressure.
The means for securing the helmet to a diver's head incorporates an
elastomeric spider having a plurality of arms which are secured to
a plurality of projections on a circumferential portion of the main
body of the helmet. Such securement is performed simply and
enhances mobility of the diver to improve the entire functional
characteristics of the helmet.
The helmet incorporates a nasal pressure equalization device, and
an adjustable demand regulator. The adjustable demand regulator
compensates for changes in depths as well as respective inhalation
pressure forces which a diver finds most comfortable for breathing
purposes.
The invention incorporates a combination valve and manifold which
introduces a steady stream of breathing gas into the helmet when
desired. The manifold permits a bypass of the steady stream
delivery means so that a demand regulator can be utilized under
normal operation. The combination manifold and valve also enables
an emergency gas supply to be introduced to the mask by means of a
second inlet port incorporated therein.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the helmet of this invention in
use;
FIG. 2 shows one of the securing means of this invention for
holding the helmet on the head of a diver;
FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the sealing means of the helmet
along line 3--3; and
FIG. 4 shows an exploded vie of the major portions of the
helmet.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Looking at FIG. 1, a perspective view of the helmet is shown in use
on a diver. A portion of the surrounding environment is
incorporated to facilitate ease of understanding with respect to
how the helmet is used when secured to a diver.
A diver is shown having a wetsuit 10 which maintains a diver's
warmth and comfort during diving operations. A helmet 11
incorporating this invention is shown which serves to provide the
diver with a major portion of this life support system. Attached to
the diver's back is a supply tank 12 filled with breathing gas. The
supply tank 12 is harnessed to the diver by means of harness straps
14 connected to a carrying pack 16 in which the tank is placed. The
tank 12 has a valve assembly comprising a tank valve 18 secured to
the tank by means of a tank outlet 20. The tank valve has a nipple
22 extending therefrom, which is attached to a first stage
regulator 24, which is commonly used for regulating pressurized gas
for underwater breathing purposes. A hose 26 is connected to the
first stage regulator 24 at one end and to a side valve to be
described. The hose 26 facilitates the supply of breathing gas for
use when a breathing gas source at the surface is not utilized, or
when an emergency arises due to a termination of the surface
supply.
The helmet 11 incorporates a hood portion 32, and a rigid shell
portion 34. The shell and the hood 32 are jointed by overlying
flange 36 of the hood 32 which seats over a slightly flared portion
38 of the shell. The hood flange 36 which seats over the flared
circumferential portion 38 of the shell is secured by
semi-circumferential bands 40. The semi-circumferential bands have
projecting securing blocks 42 at either end thereof. The securing
blocks 42 are aligned in juxtaposition when the bands 40 are in
place and have respective holes 44 therein aligned for mutual
securement. The holes 44 of each band are axially oriented over
holes of the opposite securing block 42 of the semi-circumferential
band portion 40. The aligned holes 44 have a rivet or bolt passed
therethrough as generally shown at 45. The bolt 45 is secured by a
nut at one end, or a flattening of a rivet if a rivet is used.
Regardless of which is used, the semi-circumferential bands 40
should be maintained in snug relationship to prevent leaking
between the seal provided by the flange 36 and the flared portion
38 of the shell 34.
A face plate 48 is provided which may be made of any suitable
material, but is preferably made from acrylic plastic. The face
plate 48 fits into a molded recess 50 of the shell 34. The molded
recess is provided with vulcanizing rubber to seal the face plate
48 therein. A retainer 52 made of metal is placed over the face
plate 48. The retainer 52 is secured to the shell 34 by means of
screws 54 which are threaded into holes 56 thereof. In this manner,
the face plate 48 is secured into the recess 50 not only by the
vulcanizing rubber, but also the retainer 52 which serves to
tightly secure the face plate.
Passing through the retainer into the shell is a pressure
equalizing device 55 for blocking the nostrils of a diver. The
pressure equalizing device 55 comprises a rod 56 which extends
through the retainer 52 into the interior of the helmet 11. At one
end of the rod is a ball 58, and at the other end adjacent the
nostrils of a user is a pad 60 which is pushed against a diver's
nose allowing him to blow thereagainst for equalizing the pressure
within the sinus and inner ears during underwater descent. The rod
56 is maintained in the retainer 52 by sealing nuts 62 and O-rings
not visible in the drawing, which prevent leaks at the point where
the rod passes through the retainer 52 into the shell through a
hole 64.
The hood 32 is made of a wetsuit type of material 65 such as a
closed cell neoprene or other elastomer. Inside the hood 32 is an
open cell foam 66 which is adhered into a skin or sealing elastomer
67 similar to that material 65 of the hood 32. The sealing
elastomer or skin 67 is formed in such a manner as to be placed in
juxtaposition to a diver's facial configuration when the helmet 11
is on. Thus, on the diver's side of the open cell foam a thin layer
or skin of closed cell foam rubber 67 or solid rubber sheet is
glued. The open cell foam 66 forms a comfortable cushion and the
skin 67 provides a sealing surface against the diver's face. The
open cell foam 66 as will be described, is necessary to prevent
collapse under increased pressure. It should be noted that the open
cell foam 66 is interior of the flange 36 of the helmet 32, which
fits over the shell 34 so that the foam is in effect interior to
the inner circumferential portion of the shell. The fact that the
open cell cushion 66 and skin 67 which forms a seal is interior to
the circumference of the shell at the point where it forms a seal
with the diver's face is significant. The placement serves to
provide movement of the foam between the shell 34 and the diver's
face without substantial inward movement from the shell 34 to the
face of a diver. This placement prevents an inward collapsing and
sucking action which produced the intolerable vacuum of the prior
art helmets, when the umbilical is cut, or a similar cutoff of the
breathing gas occurs.
The hood 32 incorporates a pair of pockets 68 which are in
juxtaposition to a diver's ears when in use. The pockets 68 open to
the interior of the main body of the hood and receive a pair of
head phones 70 which are connected by cables 72 to an appropriate
terminal in the helmet. A microphone 74 is also provided to enable
two way communication with the surface.
In order to reduce the dead air space within the helmet, an
oral-nasal mask 76 is utilized. The oral-nasal mask 76 fits over
the nose and mouth of a diver and permits the incoming breathing
gas through hole 77 to flow steadily thereinto and then out through
the regulator exhaust to be described.
A demand regulator 80 is shown in a partially exploded view. The
demand regulator fits into an opening 82 within the lower portion
of the shell 34 and is bolted thereto through holes 83 provided in
the shell. The demand regulator is adjustable to provide a variable
source of breathing gas to the interior of the helmet through holes
82 and 77 in accordance with ambient pressure, inhalation forces
and overall compatibility with the specific diver. The demand
regulator 80 is supplied with gas from the hose 84 which is
connected to a valve source to be described. On one side of the
demand regulator is a nipple and combination valve seat 86 threaded
into an internal thread of the regulator 80. The gas entering the
nipple is checked by an inlet valve piston 88. A diaphragm 90 is
provided which fits into the regulator body. When a diver inhales
he draws the diaphragm against ta spacer 91 contacting a lever 92
which pushes the inlet valve piston 88 away from its valve seat
allowing gas to flow through the hose 84 into the interior of the
helmet 11.
The adjustability of the demand regulator is provided by the
following mechanism. The valve piston 88 has a stem 95 within the
interior of the regulator 80. The valve piston 88 is urged against
its seat by means of a spring 96 and spring piston 97 which
attendantly biases the valve piston and holds back the incoming gas
until the lever 92 is activated by internal flexing movement of the
diaphragm 90. A threaded adjustment shaft 98 is utilized to change
the spring compression by rotation which moves the shaft 98
longitudinally against the spacing piston 97 to compress the spring
and attendantly adjust the pressure required for valve actuation.
The threaded adjustment shaft is secured to the regulator by means
of a nut 100 and is controlled by a nurled knob 102 threaded onto
the shaft 98. Thus, the diver can naturally change the spring
compression to provide for a wide range of incoming pressures or
ambient depths compatible with the diver's inhalation forces. As is
customary with most demand regulators, an outlet port 104 is
provided.
In addition to the foregoing diaphragm action caused by the diver's
inhalation, the demand regulator may be operated by means of
depressing a smaller elastomeric diaphragm 106 on the covering
plate 108 of the regulator. In this manner, the delivery of gases
into the helmet is facilitated for purging any water which lies in
the base of the shell 34.
Breathing gas is delivered to the helmet under the majority of
operating conditions by means of a hose commonly referred to as an
umbilical 110. The umbilical is connected to a one way valve 112
passing into a dual combination valve and bypass manifold 114. The
one way valve 112 allows air to flow inwardly into the dual
combination valve and bypass manifold 114 but not back out. At one
end of the valve and bypass 114 is an inlet nipple and one way
valve 116, into said valve and bypass, connecting the hose 26 to
the breathing gas supply tank 12. Attached to the other end of the
valve and bypass manifold is an outlet nipple 118 having the hose
84 connected to it for purposes of providing the demand regulator
80 with a source of breathing gas. The combination valve and bypass
manifold 114 is equipped with a shut-off valve interiorly thereof
for purposes of cutting off gas flow through a pipe 119 connected
to the bypass valve. The pipe 119 leads into the shell through a
hole 120 for delivering breathing gas thereinto. The bypass valve
is controlled for on and off flow of gas through the pipe 119 by a
serrated knob 121.
The bypass manifold and valve 114 is attached to the shell 34 of
the helmet by means of a bolt 122 which passes through a hole 124
in the side of the shell and is suitably secured by a nut turned
down thereon.
The pipe 119 leading into the helmet through the hole 120 connects
directly into a muffler and distribution system. The muffler and
distribution system is generally comprised of a cellular foam
material or lamb's wool, not visible, which is held in place by a
perforated grate 128. Thus, as the gas is introduced into the
helmet, it is muffled to prevent its spreading as a direct blast of
gas. The perforations of the grate 128 are directed so that they
displace the gas in the direction of the interior portion of the
face plate 48 so that a clear and fogless faceplate can be
maintained. The knob 121 permits the diver to occasionally operate
the valve so that any fog on the face mask may be eliminated by a
blast of gas. The flow of gas through the pipe 119 is also utilized
for clearing the helmet of any water in the base thereof.
At the base of the shell 34 is a flapper exhaust valve 130. The
exhaust valve 130 comprises a disc 132 which is seated in the base
of the helmet with a flapper membrane 134 emplaced therein, and
covered by a cover 135. The disc 132 has an opening 133 that is
spanned by a web 137 which serves to partially support the membrane
134. When a positive pressure is exerted against the internal side
of the flapper membrane 134, the membrane is released and permits
any gas or entrapped water at the base of the helmet to flow
outwardly into the surrounding environment.
Attached to the semi-circular bands 40 are a plurality of
projections 138 with balls 140 at their ends. The projections 138
with the balls 140 serve to hold the mask in place in conjunction
with an elastomeric spider 142. One embodiment of the elastomeric
spider has a series of holes 144 placed within five projecting legs
146 of the spider. The spider is placed over a diver's head with
the base joindure thereof at the back of a diver's head. The legs
146 are pulled forward tautly so that the holes of the spider 144
can be pulled down over the projecting balls 140 to allow the
spider to secure the helmet on the head of a diver. The plurality
of holes 144 permit adjustment of the tension of the legs 146 so
that a diver may adjust the entire spider to the most desirable
degree of tautness and comfort.
In addition to the foregoing embodiment, a spider 142 having
adjustable metal loops on the legs 146 may be utilized. The loops
are interlaced with the ends of the spider legs in the manner shown
so as to facilitate adjustment of the length of the legs. Once the
loops have been adjusted to provide a specific length of spider leg
146 and tension for an individual diver, there need be little
further adjustment thereof.
In operation, the helmet is placed over, a diver's head with the
air supply turned off. The nasal pressure equalizing device 55 with
the pad 60 at the end thereof is pulled out so that it does not
interfere with the placement of the helmet over the diver's head.
When the helmet is placed properly over the diver's head a slight
inhalation will create a suction on the face seal provided by the
skin 67 indicating a good seal. Further inhalation by the diver
will cause the seal provided by the open cell foam 66 and skin 67
to leak slightly around the diver's face. This is caused by the
skin 67 seal being broken when a substantial degree of suction is
encountered due to the rigidity of the shell 34 in combination with
the open cell foam 66. The stiff shell 34 permits a placement of a
seal, namely the open cell foam 66 and skin 67 in a manner such
that a suction will not draw it constantly against the facial
configuration of the diver as the pressure increases. Instead, the
seal can only move inwardly a certain distance toward the facial
configuration of the diver, thereby preventing a complete seal
thereagainst, and the undesirable vacuum attendant with prior art
masks.
The umbilical 110 or self contained gas supply in the tank 12
depending upon which is used respectively, is delivered normally to
the demand regulator 80. If the valve of the combination valve and
manifold 114 is turned on, the gas is delivered through the muffler
system grate 128. During normal operation, the demand regulator 80
should be adjusted by the hurled adjusting, handle 102, so that a
slight steady flow is provided.
The joindure of the spider 142 should be as low on the neck as
possible so that a pressure is put on the base of the skull by the
lower two legs 146 thereof. The amount of tension to be put on the
spider 142 will vary from diver to diver and can only be determined
by the specific cranium configurations of each respective diver
using the helmet 11.
The diver is now ready to enter the water and use the helmet for
underwater operations. It may be necessary to readjust the demand
regulator 80 by means of the nurled handle 102 during descent. A
very slightly steady flow is the most desirable adjustment,
however, the adjustment of the demand regulator 80 should
compensate for the different pressures which a diver encounters
during descent.
In the event of a partial or complete flooding of the helmet, the
valve of the valve and bypass manifold 114 which delivers gas
through the muffler grate 128 may be actuated by the knob 121. The
actuation of the handle 121 will cause gas to be delivered through
the muffler grate 128 and purge any water through the flapper valve
130 at the base of the helmet 11.
In lieu of purging water by introducing gas under pressure through
the muffler grate 128, a pressing of the small diaphragm 106 of the
demand regulator may be utilized. Upon pressing the diaphragm 106
the lever 92 will be actuated causing gas to stream into the helmet
and create a positive pressure thereby purging water in the base of
the helmet through the flapper valve 134.
Should the supply of gas from the umbilical become limited or cut
off by source inoperativeness, or a rupture in the line, the
increased pressure at the depth of the helmet will cause the air in
the helmet to vent through the umbilical. This causes a decreased
pressure within the helmet as compared to the ambient water
pressure, so that the sealing skin 67 has a tendency to draw
inwardly to the facial configuration of the diver. However,
inasmuch as the stiffened shell of the helmet 34 does not tend to
collapse, the open cell foam 66 and skin 67 can only draw in a
certain amount toward the facial configuration of the diver. The
foregoing causes the water to flow into the helmet partially or
substantially flooding it. This prevents the vacuum pressure from
building up within the helmet to an intolerable amount as in the
prior art helmets and masks which caused eyeball loss and serious
injury to a diver. In other words, the seal is designed to open
before the pressure inside the helmet falls low enough to result in
a dangerous squeeze on a diver's face.
If the diver reacts quickly enough to the loss of gas pressure
through the umbilical 110, he may utilize the emergency gas source
in the tank 12 delivered through the hose 26. This is effectively
done by turning the valve assembly 24 of the regulator on the gas
supply tank into the on-position. In this manner the diver can
effectively prevent a substantial flooding of the helmet and of
course, any deleterious effects normally caused by facial squeezing
due to depressurization in the helmet.
Only one form of the invention has been shown and described.
However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited
to the foregoing description alone. Various changes may be made in
the invention by means of equivalents. For example, various types
of configuration may be utilized in the size and shape of the
helmet without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Therefore, the limits of the invention shall be defined only by the
following claims.
* * * * *