U.S. patent number 3,680,495 [Application Number 05/079,868] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-01 for pallet structure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Hi-Line Plastics Incorporated. Invention is credited to Daniel W. Pike.
United States Patent |
3,680,495 |
Pike |
August 1, 1972 |
PALLET STRUCTURE
Abstract
A pallet structure comprises a grid or network formed of a
plurality of spaced ribs substantially narrower in width than in
depth and having upper edges substantially coplanar and defining a
load supporting platform. The ribs are preferably of substantially
equal lateral spacing across the pallet structure but may vary with
the spacing being such that the ribs will properly support the
goods to be deposited thereon. The structure has a plurality of
spaced vertical hollow legs or supports depending from the load
supporting platform and a marginal edge portion extending around
the periphery of the grid structure with the edge portion having a
bottom wall member extending between an edge rib and an adjacent
parallel rib thereby defining an edge support surface. The pallets
are stackable when empty due to the supports nesting one in another
and are such that the edges are spaced whereby a lift fork is
insertible therebetween to separate and lift a desired portion of a
stack. The edge of the pallet is shaped to provide a convenient
portion for manually moving individual pallets.
Inventors: |
Pike; Daniel W. (Overland Park,
KS) |
Assignee: |
Hi-Line Plastics Incorporated
(Olathe, KS)
|
Family
ID: |
22153311 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/079,868 |
Filed: |
October 12, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
108/53.3;
108/901 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
19/0018 (20130101); B65D 2519/00308 (20130101); B65D
2519/00268 (20130101); B65D 2519/008 (20130101); B65D
2519/00338 (20130101); B65D 2519/00318 (20130101); B65D
2519/00069 (20130101); Y10S 108/901 (20130101); B65D
2519/00034 (20130101); B65D 2519/0094 (20130101); B65D
2519/00288 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
19/00 (20060101); B65d 019/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;108/51-58 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gay; Bobby R.
Assistant Examiner: Finch; Glenn O.
Claims
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. In a one piece, molded, nestable pallet:
a. a platform having a load carrying top surface;
b. said platform being a grid structure formed of a plurality of
ribs individually presented edge-wise to said top surface, said
ribs intersecting each other at a plurality of intersections and
united to each other at said intersections, said ribs defining
openings therebetween normal to said top surface, said ribs being
wider adjacent said top surface and tapering downwardly;
c. a plurality of spaced apart, hollow legs having an open top and
side walls extending downwardly from said top surface, said leg
side walls being united with ribs intersecting same, said leg side
walls being connected to adjacent side walls and connected at lower
ends with a bottom wall, said legs side walls each sloping
downwardly and inwardly from said top surface to a size whereby
legs of one pallet will enter the open top of the hollow legs of a
lower pallet for verticle nesting; and
d. a marginal edge portion extending around the periphery of said
grid structure and having at least one edge rib supported on end
portions of the ribs of said platform, said edge portion having a
depth less than said grid structure to provide a space between the
bottom edge of edge portions of one pallet and the top surface of a
next lower pallet in a stack.
2. The pallet structure as set forth in claim 1 including:
a. a bottom wall member connecting a lower portion of said edge rib
and adjacent ribs of said grid structure thereby providing an edge
structure with a continuous bottom wall surface around the grid
structure from the edge rib to adjacent parallel ribs.
3. The pallet structure as set forth in claim 2 wherein end
portions of ribs normal to a respective edge rib have lower edges
sloping downwardly and inwardly from a rib that is next adjacent to
and parallel to said respective edge rib.
4. The pallet structure as set forth in claim 3 wherein:
a. said leg members each depending below the grid structure a
distance greater than the height of the ribs of the grid structure
to space the grid structures when pallets are stacked vertically
with a greater spacing of edge portions thereof;
b. said bottom wall members of said leg members each have an
aperture therethrough; and
c. said bottom wall members of said edge portion each have an
aperture therethrough between each of said ribs extending between
said edge rib and the adjacent parallel rib.
5. The pallet structure as set forth in claim 2 wherein:
a. the pallet structure is generally rectangular;
b. said leg members are spaced apart to permit ingress of arms of a
fork lift, said leg members being positioned to permit ingress from
each side of the pallet structure;
c. said bottom wall member of said edge portion is positioned above
said lower edges of said ribs, said bottom wall member being
continuous along each edge of the pallet structure; and
d. said ribs each have opposite end portions sloped between said
bottom wall of said edge portion and a lower edge of an adjacent
rib parallel to the respective edge rib.
6. The pallet structure as set forth in claim 5 wherein:
a. said ribs and wall of the grid structure, leg members and edge
portion are integral and of structural foam plastic.
7. The pallet structure as set forth in claim 6 including
reinforcing material in said grid structure, said reinforcing
including elongate members extending longitudinally of the ribs of
the grid structure to increase the strength and reduce the
deflection thereof.
Description
The present invention relates to a load-bearing pallet and more
particularly to a plastic pallet having an open grid structure
which is nestable, adapted to permit a desired number to be easily
separated from a stack of a plurality of like pallets, and has an
edge thined for convenient handling.
The principal objects of the present invention are: to provide a
light weight plastic pallet having an open grid deck or platform
structure and having legs which are nestable and having edge
portions adapted to permit a desired number of pallets to be easily
separated from a stack of a plurality of like pallets; to provide
such a pallet which is easily handled and moved on conveying
equipment and which has an edge portion shaped and sized to form a
space between adjacent pallets of a stack and to guide arms of a
fork lift to effect easy separation of a desired number of pallets
from a stack; to provide such a pallet structure which is adapted
for service over a wide temperature range, such as substantially
below 0.degree. F. and substantially above 200.degree. F.; to
provide a reusable load-bearing pallet capable of supporting heavy
loads during storage and transportation; to provide such a pallet
which is generally rectangular and adapted to be lifted using
mechanical pallet handling equipment from any of its sides; to
provide such a pallet adapted for easy passage of banding or other
tying material through the pallet from any of its sides or through
an open grid deck structure during securing the load to the pallet;
to provide a strong, light weight, inexpensive and durable pallet;
to provide such a pallet which is formed of structural foam plastic
having a substantially increased useful life, as compared to wood
and paper pallets; to provide such a plastic pallet adapted to be
nested or stacked vertically in a minimum of space to minimize
shipping costs; to provide such a plastic pallet having an open
grid deck structure thereby permitting easy banding of irregular
sized and shaped loads; to provide such a plastic pallet having a
marginal edge portion around the periphery thereof which is adapted
to permit wheels on a conveyor to movably support the pallet for
movement along the conveyor; and to provide such a pallet which is
economical to manufacture, durable in construction, weather
resistant, immune to rot and growth of fungus or other
micro-organisms, rigid, dimensionally stable in a humid atmosphere
and over a wide temperature range, and particularly well adapted
for the proposed use.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent
from the following description taken in connection with the
accompanying drawings wherein are set forth by way of illustration
and example certain embodiments of this invention.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a pallet embodying features of the present
invention.
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the pallet.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal, sectional view through the pallet taken
on line 3--3, FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a marginal edge
portion of the pallet.
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of a plurality of like pallets
stacked vertically showing the space between adjacent marginal edge
portions.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view of a modified rib showing
reinforcing members therein.
Referring more in detail to the drawings:
The reference number 1 generally designates a load-bearing pallet
which is a one piece, integral structure formed of a suitable
plastic. It is preferable that the pallet 1 be formed by molding,
particularly of a light weight material, such as a structural
formed plastic, for example, polycarbonate, polyethylene, urethane,
polypropylene, or the like to thereby form a light weight rigid
pallet structure. It is desirable that the pallet 1 be formed of
polypropylene when the pallet 1 is to be subjected to temperatures
in the nature of 250.degree. F.
It is preferable that the pallet 1 have a density in the range of
25 lbs. per cubic foot to 44 lbs. per cubic foot. These values
represent 40 to 70 percent densities when compared to the density
of water, namely 62.5 lbs. per cubic foot.
The pallet has a load supporting platform 2 and a plurality of
nestable leg members or supports 3 depending from the load
supporting platform 2. The pallet 1 is particularly adapted for
storing and transporting material or merchandise and the legs or
supports 3 are arranged to provide easy access from any direction
for the arms or prongs of a fork lift (not shown) between adjacent
legs 3 and for easy insertion of banding or other tying material
used to secure a load thereto.
The load supporting platform 2 is formed of a plurality of spaced
intersecting perpendicular ribs 4 and 5 respectively. The ribs 4
and 5 have the upper edges 6 thereof in registry in a common plane
thereby defining the load supporting platform 2. The ribs 4 and 5
are each deep members which are substantially narrower in width
than depth and are narrower at their lower edges than at their
upper edges to permit removal from a mold (not shown).
It is desirable to provide the load supporting platform 2 with a
large surface area in contact with the load on the pallet to
thereby distribute the load over a wide area and decrease the unit
load, therefore, the ribs 4 and 5 each have lateral extensions from
each side at the upper edge thereof with the upper surfaces of the
extensions being in the common plane with the upper edges 6 of the
ribs 4 and 5.
The pallet 1 is nestable with like pallets and it is desirable that
the load supporting surface 2 be fully supported when stacked,
therefore, the ribs 4 and 5 each have lower edges 7 thereof in a
common plane spaced from and substantially parallel with the plane
of the upper edges 6 of said ribs. When the pallets are nested or
stacked vertically, the lower edges 7 of the ribs of an upper
pallet engage and are supported on the upper edges 6 of ribs of a
lower pallet.
A marginal edge portion 8 extends continuously around the periphery
of the grid structure formed by the ribs 4 and 5 and the marginal
edge portion 8 has an edge rib 9 parallel with and laterally spaced
from an adjacent rib 9' of the grid structure. A bottom wall member
10 extends between the edge rib 9 and the adjacent parallel rib 9'
thereby defining an edge support surface which is particularly
adapted to be movably supported on rollers of a conveyor (not
shown) whereby the pallet 1 and a load thereon may be moved along
the conveyor.
It is desirable to provide a space between the marginal edge
portions 8 of adjacent pallets when same are stacked vertically to
permit easy entrance for the arms or prongs of a fork lift between
pallets to be separated, therefore, the edge rib 9 has less depth
than the ribs 4 and 5. The adjacent parallel rib 9' has a depth
intermediate that of the edge ribs 9 and the ribs 4 and 5.
A lower surface of the bottom wall member 10 is positioned
intermediate the planes of the upper and lower edges 6 and 7 of the
ribs 4 and 5 and each of the ribs 4 and 5 have opposite end
portions 11 sloped between a lower edge of the adjacent parallel
rib 9' and the lower edge 7 of the respective rib, thereby forming
a ramp surface to be engaged by the prongs or arms of a
conventional fork lift (not shown) to thereby facilitate separation
of adjacent pallets when stacked or nested. Engagement of the arms
or prongs of the fork lift with the end portions 11 of the ribs 4
and 5 raises the upper pallet out of the lower pallet to facilitate
easy separation of upper pallet and pallets thereabove from a stack
of like pallets.
The legs or supports 3 are laterally spaced, vertical members so
spaced apart to permit easy ingress of lifting members, such as the
arms or prongs of a convention fork lift, therebetween and to
permit ingress of banding or tying material and the arms or prongs
of the fork lift from any side of the pallet 1.
The nestable leg members 3 each have an open upper end or top 12
and each of the leg members 3 are downwardly and inwardly sloped
from the load supporting surface 2 whereby like pallet structures
are stackable vertically. The leg members may be any desired shape,
however, in the illustrated structure, the nestable leg members 3
are each rectangular and have side walls 13 each having the upper
edges thereof aligned with the upper edge 6 of the respective ribs
of the grid structure forming the load supporting platform 2. The
side walls 13 of the nestable leg members 3 each have at least one
rib of the grid structure normal thereto and positioned
intermediate the ends of the respective side wall. When the
nestable leg members 3 are in side-by-side position, the side walls
13 have a common upper portion 14, as best seen in FIG. 3.
The leg members 3 each have a bottom wall member 15 closing a lower
end thereof to thereby provide additional area over which to
distribute the supported load.
Particularly when the pallet 1 is stored in an area which is
unprotected from the elements, it is desirable to provide means to
prevent the collection of liquid within the open top leg members 3,
therefore, each of the bottom wall members 15 has an aperture 16
extending vertically therethrough. It is also desirable to provide
a plurality of apertures 17 through the bottom wall member 10 of
the marginal edge portion 8. An aperture 17 is formed for each
compartment formed by extensions of the end portions 11 of the ribs
which extend normal to the edge rib 9 and the adjacent parallel rib
9' thereby preventing collection of liquid in the compartments by
permitting liquid to flow through the apertures 17 and away from
the pallet 1.
The pallet 1 is designed to permit the lower edges 7 of an upper
pallet to be in engagement with the upper edges 6 of a lower pallet
when the pallets are stacked vertically. In the illustrated
structure, the pallet 1 is a generally rectangular structure and
the marginal edge portion 8 and the bottom wall member 10 thereof
are continuous along each edge of the pallet 1 whereby there is a
space formed between the bottom wall member 10 of an upper pallet
and the load supporting platform 2 of a lower pallet. The space is
sized to permit the free ends of the arms or prongs of a
conventional fork lift to move into the space between the pallets
to be separated and then into engagement with the sloped end
portions 11 of the ribs 4 or 5 to thereby separate the adjacent
pallets.
A suitable dye may be mixed with the structural foam plastic to
color code the pallets whereby specific types of merchandise may be
loaded on pallets of a specific color.
It is noted that the ribs and walls of the pallet are designed to
have a substantially equal thickness, consistent with proper draft
for removal from the mold, whereby all portions of the pallet 1
will have substantially the same cooling time and thereby a minimum
cooling time within the mold for the particular wall thickness.
FIG. 6 illustrates means for forming a composite structure
including reinforcing material in the grid structure defining the
load supporting platform 2. The reinforcing material is illustrated
as rods or strands 20 and 21 positioned adjacent upper and lower
edges 6 and 7 respectively of the ribs 4 and 5 and enclosed within
the plastic material. The rods or strands 20 and 21 may be any
suitable material having high tensile strength and a good bond to
the foamed plastic, such as metal rods or strands or strands of
glass fibers. This reinforcing increases the load carrying ability
of the pallet and reduces the deflection from such load.
It is to be understood that while I have illustrated and described
certain forms of my invention, it is not to be limited to these
specific forms or arrangement of parts herein described and
shown.
* * * * *