U.S. patent number 3,680,306 [Application Number 04/875,116] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-01 for reciprocating drives for the movable members of shut-off elements.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Vysshee Tekhnicheskoe Uchilische Im. N. E. Baumana. Invention is credited to Jury Filippovich Nikitin, Mikhail Trofimovich Romanenko, Nikolai Trofimovich Romanenko.
United States Patent |
3,680,306 |
Nikitin , et al. |
August 1, 1972 |
RECIPROCATING DRIVES FOR THE MOVABLE MEMBERS OF SHUT-OFF
ELEMENTS
Abstract
A reciprocating drive for the movable member of shut-off element
wherein the driving element 2 made in the form of at least one wire
turn heated by a source of electric current and resting on two
supports 3, 4 one of which (3) is secured in the body 1 while the
second one (4), connected with the movable member, moves when the
driving element 2 is elongated due to heating. The second support 4
is fastened to one end of the spring-loaded part 5 whose other end
is secured in the body 1. Such an installation of the second
support makes it possible to increase several times the travel of
the movable member as compared to the elongation of the driving
element due to heating. Shown in FIG. 1 is the reciprocating drive
for the movable member of shut-off element, realized in accordance
with the present invention.
Inventors: |
Nikitin; Jury Filippovich
(Moscow, SU), Romanenko; Nikolai Trofimovich (Moscow,
SU), Romanenko; Mikhail Trofimovich (Brovary,
SU) |
Assignee: |
Vysshee Tekhnicheskoe Uchilische
Im. N. E. Baumana (Moscow, SU)
|
Family
ID: |
25365227 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/875,116 |
Filed: |
November 10, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
60/528;
251/11 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F03G
7/06 (20130101); G05D 23/1921 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F03G
7/06 (20060101); G05D 23/19 (20060101); F01k
007/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;60/23 ;251/11
;236/68,101 ;73/363,363.1,363.3 ;337/123,139,140 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Schwadron; Martin P.
Assistant Examiner: Ostrager; A. M.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A reciprocal drive for a shut-off element, said drive comprising
a pressuretight and vacuumized body; a driving element in said body
and including at least one wire turn extending along a longitudinal
axis, and electrical supply means connected to the wire turn to
heat the same; two supports for said driving element, one of which
is secured in said body while the other one is free for movement
when the length of said driving element changes due to heating
thereof; a displaceable actuator member for said shut off member
extending within said body; and means coupling the movable support
with the actuator member to follow the movement of the support, the
latter means comprising a spring-loaded member disposed on said
body at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of said
driving element, means attaching one end of said spring-loaded
member to said body, and means attaching said spring-loaded member
to said second support remote from said one end.
2. A drive according to claim 1 wherein said spring-loaded member
comprises a leaf spring whose one end is rigidly secured in the
drive body.
3. A drive according to claim 1 wherein said wire turn of the
driving element is coated with a layer of a material with a low
coefficient of blackness.
4. A drive according to claim 1 wherein said spring-loaded member
is in contact with the actuator member at a location remote from
the location where the spring-loaded member is attached to said
body.
5. A drive according to claim 1 wherein said supports are each
cylindrical and said wire turn extends around the supports.
Description
The present invention relates to reciprocating drives for the
movable members of shut-off elements.
Most expediently the drive according to the present invention can
be used for the remote control of the shut-off elements in
pneumatic or hydraulic systems.
Known in the art are reciprocating drives for the movable members
of shut-off elements whose operating principle is based on
mechanical deformation of the driving element of the drive. The
driving element of such drives is made in the form of a rod resting
on two supports, one of which is secured in the body and the other
one is connected to the movable member of the shut-off element. The
movable member of the shut-off element is moved owing to mechanical
deformation (elongation) of the driving element of the drive, said
deformation being performed by a mechanical method (see, for
example, Pat. No. 719,058, Belgium).
These drives are not suitable for remote control of the
reciprocating motion of the movable member in the shut-off
element.
Also, widely known are electromagnetic drives wherein the movable
member of the shut-off element is actuated by a core located inside
an electric coil. The core is pulled into the coil by
electromagnetic forces when the coil is energized.
These drives are difficult to manufacture and have large
weight.
An object of the present invention resides in eliminating the
aforesaid disadvantages.
The main object of the invention is to provide such a reciprocating
drive for the movable member of a shut-off element wherein the
elengation of the driving element of the drive can be controlled
remotely while a small elongation of the movable element will be
transformed into a considerably larger travel of the movable member
of the shut-off element.
This object is achieved by providing a reciprocating drive for the
movable member of a shut-off element comprising a driving element
mounted in the body on two supports one of which is secured while
the other one is connected to the movable member of the shut-off
element and can move when the driving element of the drive is
elongated in which; according to the invention the driving element
is made of at least one turn of an electric wire, heated by a
source of electric current, the second support being located on one
end of the spring-loaded part working in compression and installed
at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the wire turn, while
the other end of said spring-loaded part is secured in the drive
body.
It is practicable that the spring-loaded part be made in the form
of a leaf spring with one end secured rigidly in the drive
body.
Such an arrangement simplifies the design of the drive and somewhat
reduces its size.
Most efficiently the present invention can be carried into effect
when the drive body is pressuretight and vacuumized.
Such a design of the body increases the working travel of the
movable member without changes in the power consumption, due to the
absence of heat transfer by convection.
It is no less practicable that the turns of the driving element be
coated with a layer of a material with a low coefficient of
blackness.
This arrangement ensures a considerable further increase of the
working travel of the movable member at a constant power,
especially in case of a vacuumized body.
The drive realized in accordance with the present invention is
simple to manufacture, has a considerably lighter weight and is
much cheaper that the known drives described above.
Now the invention will be described by way of example with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a reciprocating drive for the
movable member of shut-off element according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a section taken along line II--II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. 1 with the spring-loaded part being made
in the form of a leaf spring;
FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 1 with a vacuumized body of the drive;
and
FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of motions of the drive
elements.
Accommodated in the drive body 1 (FIGS. 1, 2) is a driving element
2 which is made in the form of a piece of wire coiled over two
cylinder-shaped supports 3, 4. In this design either the wire or
the support may be insulated.
The driving element of the drive may also be made of at least one
turn of a metal strip or any other type of conductor.
Arranged in the body 1 at an angle .alpha. to the driving element 2
is a part 5 one end of which is secured to support 4. The other end
of the part 5 is fastened by a joint 6 in the body 1. The end of
the part 5 has a rod 7 connecting it with the movable member 8 of
the shut-off element 9.
A spring 10 is installed between the body 1 and the part 5 to hold
the driving element 2 in a constantly stretched state and
constantly stresses the part 5.
The driving element 2 is connected by wires 11 to a D.C. (or A.C.)
source of power supply (not shown) for elongating it by
heating.
The installation of the part 5 at an acute angle .alpha. to the
driving element 2 increases the working travel of the movable
member 8 of the shut-off element 9 many times as compared with the
elongation of the driving element 2 through heating.
To simplify the design of the drive, the part 5 and the spring 10
may be replaced by a leaf spring 12 (FIG. 3). The spring 12 is
installed in the body in such a way that one of its ends mounts the
support 4 and the rod 7 which latter connects it with the movable
member 8, while its second end is fastened rigidly in the drive
body 1. Provision of such a spring simplifies the design of the
drive and reduces its dimensions to a certain extent.
In order to still further increase the working travel of the
movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9 at the same consumption
of electric power or to reduce the power consumption for the same
travel of the movable member 8, it is preferred that the drive be
located in a pressuretight body 1 as shown in FIG. 4.
At the point where the driving element 2 is connected with the
movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9, the body 1 is sealed by
a flexible element 13, for example, a bellows.
The installation of the drive in vacuumized body reduces the heat
exchange between the heated driving element 2 and the ambient
medium, thereby increasing the working travel of the movable member
8 of the shut-off element 9.
For this purpose, it is preferred to coat the wire from which the
turns of the driving element 2 are made with a material having a
low coefficient of blackness, for example gold or silver. The term
"coefficient of blackness" denotes the ratio of heat radiated by a
given body to the amount of heat radiated by a perfectly black body
at equal temperatures. If the coefficient of blackness of the turns
of the driving element 2 is reduced, the quantity of heat radiated
by them is sharply decreased. This ensures additional elongation of
the driving element 2 and, consequently, increases the working
travel of the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9 at equal
power consumptions, compared to a drive whose turns are not coated
with a layer of gold or silver.
The reciprocating drive for the movable member of the shut-off
element operates as follows.
Before the driving element 2 is energized, all the parts of the
drive occupy positions shown in FIG. 1 and represented graphically
in FIG. 5 by triangle ABC. As the driving element 2 is energized
from the source of power supply (not shown), said element is heated
and elongated from the length of AB TO AB' . As a result, the
support 4 moves from point B to point B' . Being actuated by the
spring 10, the part 5 turns clockwise around the joint 6. The rod 7
moves the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9
downwardly.
The force of the drive depends on the characteristics of the spring
10.
In view of the fact that angle .alpha. is acute, the displacement
BB' in the direction of movement of the movable member 8 is larger
than the elongation of the driving element 2, as seen from the
relation CB/AC.
If angle .alpha. is diminished, the relation CB/AC increases and,
consequently, the travel of the movable member 8 becomes longer at
the same elongation of the driving element 2.
When the power supply is cut off, the driving element 2 cools and
becomes shorter. All the parts of the drive move in the direction
opposite to that described above.
The reciprocating drive for the movable member of a shut-off
element realized according to the present invention is ten times
lighter and approximately as many times cheaper than an
electromagnetic drive consuming the same power, ensuring the same
travel of the movable member and developing the same forces. The
drive realized according to the present invention is simple to
manufacture, reliable in operation and can use both direct and
alternating current. Besides, as distinct from an electromagnet,
this drive can hold the movable member of the shut-off element in
any intermediate position, thus regulating the amount of heat
supplied to the driving element 2 of the drive.
* * * * *