U.S. patent number 3,679,960 [Application Number 05/107,669] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-25 for electric power source system for gyroscopic instrument.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kabushikikaisha Tokyo Keiki (Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd.). Invention is credited to Yoichi Hirokawa, Masatoshi Sato.
United States Patent |
3,679,960 |
Hirokawa , et al. |
July 25, 1972 |
ELECTRIC POWER SOURCE SYSTEM FOR GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENT
Abstract
An electric power source system for a gyroscopic instrument in
which the kinetic energy of the gyro rotor revolving at high speed
is used as an induction generator during times when the normal
electrical power source for the gyroscopic instrument fails and to
maintain the gyroscopic instrument in its normal operative
condition during the time the electrical power source is
disconnected.
Inventors: |
Hirokawa; Yoichi (Kamakura,
JA), Sato; Masatoshi (Tokyo, JA) |
Assignee: |
Kabushikikaisha Tokyo Keiki (Tokyo
Keiki Co., Ltd.) (Tokyo, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
27277054 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/107,669 |
Filed: |
January 19, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jan 23, 1970 [JA] |
|
|
45/6193 |
Jan 23, 1970 [JA] |
|
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45/6194 |
Jan 23, 1970 [JA] |
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45/6195 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
322/4; 322/9;
310/74 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01C
19/38 (20130101); G01C 19/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01C
19/10 (20060101); G01C 19/38 (20060101); G01C
19/00 (20060101); H02k 007/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;310/74,153 ;322/4,9
;318/150 ;74/5.4,5.7 ;104/148 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Myers; Lewis H.
Assistant Examiner: Weldon; U.
Claims
We claim:
1. An electrical power source system for a gyroscopic instrument
driven by polyphase A.C. motor comprising:
a gyro rotor mounted in said gyroscopic instrument;
a polyphase A.C. motor connected to drive said gyro rotor at high
speed and having a plurality of windings;
a single-phase electrical power source;
a converter circuit means connected between said single-phase
electrical power source and said polyphase motor for converting
power from said single-phase source to polyphase power, a first
capacitor in said converter circuit having a capacitance such that
said capacitor resonates with the inductances of the windings of
said polyphase A.C. motor in the region of the frequency of said
single-phase power source, and whereby said single-phase electrical
power source is interrupted when said polyphase A.C. motor operates
as an induction generator being driven by said gyro rotor to supply
electrical power;
an electrical utilization circuit associated with said gyroscopic
instrument electrically connected to said polyphase A.C. motor and
energized thereby when said single-phase power source is
interrupted,
a second capacitor is inserted between two of said windings of said
polyphase motor which are not connected to said first capacitor, a
relay connected to said single-phase source for controlling a pair
of movable contacts with one disconnecting said single-phase
electrical power source and said utilization electrical circuit of
said gyroscopic instrument and another movable contact connects
said second capacitor in circuit, whereby when said single-phase
electrical power source is interrupted, the first movable contact
is opened and the second movable contact is closed to disconnect
said single-phase electrical power source from said induction
generator.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an electrical power supply system for a
gyroscopic instrument, and more particularly to an electrical power
supply system in which electrical power is supplied to the
gyroscopic instrument so that it can be driven normally even when
the electric power source fails to supply power.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The interruption of the power supply for a gyroscopic instrument
results in a serious matter and disrupts the proper operation of
the gyroscopic instrument for a long period of time. Prior to this
invention, the solution to this problem has not been known and the
interruption of power has resulted in an adverse influence on the
operation of the gyroscopic instrument.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the primary object of this invention is to provide an
electrical power source system for a gyroscopic instrument which
assures maintenance of normal operation of the gyroscopic
instrument even when the power source is interrupted for a short
period of time.
Another object of this invention is to provide an electrical power
source system for a gyroscopic instrument which performs the
function of a single-to-three phase converter, and enables the use
of a three-phase motor with a single-phase power source and is of
particular utility when employed in combination with a non-complex
static inverter having a single-phase output.
Other objects, features and advantages of this invention will
become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction
with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional induction generator
in which a capacitor is inserted into each phase of a three-phase
induction motor and the shaft of the induction motor is driven by
another motor to supply electric power to a load;
FIG. 2 is a fundamental circuit diagram of a single-to-three phase
converter;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the vector of a voltage between
adjacent terminals of a three-phase motor;
FIG. 4 is a connection diagram showing one example of a circuit for
driving the three-phase motor by a single-phase AC power source
through the single-to-three phase converter; and
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are schematic circuit diagrams illustrating
examples of a electric power source system for a gyroscopic
instrument according to this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
For a better understanding of this invention, a brief description
will be given first of a gyroscopic instrument to which this
invention applies.
In general, a gyroscopic instrument for determining reference for a
vehicle such, for example, as a ship heading or attitude is
adversely influenced by the interruption of its power supply
source, even if the interruptions occur for only a short period of
time. A gyroscope has a rotor of great mass which rotates at high
velocity and when the power source is interrupted for a short
period of time, the rotor of the gyro continues to rotate by
inertia with substantially no decrease in the number of revolutions
per unit of time. However, the operation of an electrical circuit
accessory to the gyroscope is not driven during interruption of the
power source and the indications from the gyroscopic instrument
such as the heading or attitude are no longer given. This is
particularly true where the vehicle's indicated heading or attitude
is controlled by an electrical follow-up servo system and during
power failure external disturbances are applied to the gyroscope to
produce errors in the indicated output of the gyroscopic
instrument.
Usually the vehicle's heading or attitude continuously changes
during navigating and if the power interruptions end within a short
period of time, the gyroscopic instrument produces erroneous
indications. For example, a gyrocompass, which is the most common
application of the gyroscope and is used for azimuth determination
on a ship, an airplane and the like, employs a servo system to
ensure that neither friction nor torque of free shafts of the
gyrocompass are applied to the gyro itself. However, when the power
source is cut off thus causing the servo amplifier to no longer
function, the gyrocompass is subject to torque resulting from the
movement of the ship, airplane or the like on which the gyrocompass
is mounted, and the direction of the gyrocompass will change due to
precession. An error in direction caused by such change will not be
completely removed for several hours after power has been restored.
Thus, even short interruptions of power exert an influence upon the
functioning of the gyrocompass for many hours which results in
inaccurate heading or attitude indications.
Generally, ships, airplanes or other mobile craft employ an
independent electric power plant or a battery and the probability
of the power interruption due to changeover of the generator or
from trouble in other instruments is far greater than where a
commercial power source is used. Accordingly, it is required that
gyroscopic instruments function without being disturbed by power
interruptions of short time intervals and give correct information
after the power is restored. It is highly desirable to have a
navigation system which does not produce errors during power
interruption and which is also very accurate.
The rotor of the gyroscope is usually driven by an induction motor
which allows it to be stably driven at high speed for a long period
of time.
It is well known that when the shaft of a multi-phase induction
motor is driven at its synchronous speed by the external force,
and, if a capacitor is connected to the terminal of the motor that
the multi-phase induction motor will be caused to act as a
self-excited induction generator by self-excitation due to the
capacitor. When the frequency of the multi-phase induction motor is
resonant with the frequency of the external driving means due to
the primary self-reactance of the induction motor and the
capacitance of the capacitor, it is possible to generate a
self-excited frequency and power generation is achieved at a
frequency depending upon the revolving speed of the generator at
that time.
The rotor of the gyroscope continues to rotate due to its great
rotational inertia for a long period of time even after the power
source of the motor is cut off. Accordingly, if a capacitive
circuit is connected to the terminal of the motor, it is possible
that during power interruption for the motor to function as an
induction generator to provide power generation for supplying
electrical power to the electrical accessory devices of the
gyroscope. Since the rotor keeps revolving even after interruption
of power supply to the induction motor, the gyroscope can be
designed for a suitable selection of generated power and the
inertia of the rotor to ensure maintenance of normal operation of
the gyrocompass system for an appreciable period of time and until
the number of revolutions of the rotor has substantially
decreased.
A gyroscope requires that its rotor be driven at high speed and
hence a power source of a relatively high frequency such, for
example, as 333 Hz or 400 Hz is desirable. To obtain these
frequencies the supply power source for the gyroscope is usually a
motor-generator or a static inverter. Recent developments in
semiconductor techniques renders the static inverter advantageous
in efficiency, service life and size, and hence it is now widely
used.
A static inverter which produces a multi-phase alternating current
output directly is complicated and expensive and thus is not
suitable for general demand. Therefore, it is more economical to
change the output of a single-phase static inverter into a quasi
three-phase output by the use of a single-to-three phase converter
and use this signal to drive a three-phase motor.
For aircraft and warships, the signal and power source frequencies
of measuring instruments and the like have been standardized at 400
Hz and such craft are usually equipped with a power source having a
frequency of 400 Hz. In many cases, however, such a power source is
single-phase, so that when it is used for the gyroscopic instrument
a single-to-three phase converter must be interposed between the
gyro and the power source.
When connecting a single-to-three phase converter to an induction
three-phase motor, it is feasible to provide for power interruption
by providing resonance conditions permitting the induction motor to
serve as an induction self-excited generator.
FIG. 1 shows a connection diagram of a known circuit in which
capacitors C are respectively connected to the phases of a
three-phase induction motor M wherein its shaft is driven by
another motor to provide a power supply to loads Z (=R+L). In this
example, when driven at a speed higher than the synchronized one
the induction motor M functions as an induction generator to supply
the loads Z with power but it does not produce any reactive power.
Accordingly, this induction motor cannot be used as a generator
without a device for supplying reactive power to the power source
side. It is known that if suitable capacitors C are connected to
the stator windings of the motor M in parallel relation thereto
that the motor M can be operated as a self-excited induction
generator and during conditions of no load, the self-excited
frequency of the generator is a synchronous frequency corresponding
to the revolving speed and its self-excited voltage depends upon
the capacity of the capacitors and the revolving speed.
FIG. 2 is a known fundamental circuit diagram of the
single-to-three phase converter in which reference character E
indicates a single-phase AC power source and C.sub.P and L
respectively a capacitor and an inductor for phase shifting. In
this case, the single-phase of the power source E is supplied to
the three-phase motor M.sub.1 after being converted into
three-phase. Reference characters E.sub.C and E.sub.L respectively
designate voltages across the capacitor C.sub.p and the inductor L.
A and B are input terminals of the single-to-three phase
converter.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic showing the phase differences in voltage
between adjacent terminals 1, 2 and 3 of the three-phase motor
M.sub.1. The circuit of FIG. 2 produces voltages E.sub.C and
E.sub.L which are respectively advanced and delayed 60 degrees
relative to a reference voltage E.sub.S and thus a quasi
three-phase voltage is produced.
With such a circuit, it is impossible to produce a normal
three-phase voltage, but in practice, the quasi three-phase voltage
described above will suffice.
The condition for the realization of a quasi three-phase converter
circuit for use with practical gyrocompasses is fundamentally the
inclusion of the capacitor C.sub.p for phase advance and the
inductor for phase delay, as depicted in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 illustrates one example of a circuit for supplying a
three-phase motor M.sub.1 with power from a single-phase AC power
source E through a single-to-three phase converter PA. In this
circuit, ganged switches S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 are respectively
interposed between the output terminal of the converter PA and
input terminals 1 and 2 of the motor M.sub. 1. These switches are
adapted to operate such that a switch S' interposed between one
pole of the capacitor C.sub.p and the terminal 2 to be closed when
switches S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 are open and when the switches S.sub.1
and S.sub.2 are closed, the switch S' is open. By closing the
switches S.sub.1 and S.sub. 2, a three-phase voltage such as
depicted in FIG. 3 is impressed on the three-phase motor M.sub.1 to
increase the revolving speed of the rotor R of motor M.sub.1 . By
opening the switches S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 when the number of
revolutions of the motor M.sub.1 has thus been increased up to its
synchronous frequency causes switch S' to close as above described.
At this time, a self-excited voltage is produced between the
terminals 1 and 2 and, at the same time, induced voltages are
respectively generated between the other terminals 2 and 3 and
between terminals 3 and 1, since the capacitor C.sub.p is connected
between the terminals 1 and 2 of the motor M.sub. 1.
By inserting similar capacitors, though not shown, for phase
advance between the terminals 2 and 3 and between terminals 3 and 1
as well as between terminals 1 and 2 simultaneously with the
opening of the switches S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 causes the circuit of
FIG. 4 to operate in exactly the same manner as that of FIG. 1 and
the self-excited voltages between the respective phases will be the
same value and the synchronous frequency of the revolving speed of
the motor and thus a load can be connected to each phase (refer to
A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 in FIG. 6 described later).
In the example of FIG. 4, the capacitor incorporated in the
aforementioned single-to-three phase converter PA may also serve as
the capacitor to be interposed between the windings of the motor
M.sub.1 at the closing of the switch S' .
As will be seen from the foregoing, the following three conditions
must be satisfied to cause an induction motor to act as an
induction generator after the power source of the induction motor
is cut off. These are:
1. A capacitive element or a circuit device which has a capacitive
character such, for example, as a single-to-three phase converter
must be inserted between the terminals of the induction motor.
2. The capacitance of the capacitive element must be selected in
such a manner that the capacitance and the self-reactance of the
windings of the induction motor are tuned to be resonant in an AC
frequency region which is generated by the motor operating as an
induction generator driven by external force at its synchronous
speed.
3. The rotor of the induction motor continues to rotate
substantially at the synchronous revolving speed due to the large
inertia of a gyroscope.
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram showing one example of an
electric power source system for gyroscopic instruments in which a
gyro motor M.sub.1 with rotor R is driven by a single-phase AC
power source E such that when the power source E is cut off the
three-phase induction motor M.sub.1 operates as an induction
generator. In this figure reference numerals and characters similar
to those in the foregoing examples designate the same elements as
those mentioned above. In the illustrated example reference
character G indicates a power source device including a generator
or a transformer T and the voltage derived from the power source E
is applied to input ends A and B of a single-to-three phase
converter through the transformer T. In FIG. 5 reference character
A.sub.1 designates an electrical device accessory to the gyroscopic
instrument which includes a servo system and an indicator device
and so on which are necessary for the gyroscopic instrument. When
the AC power source E is cut off, the gyro motor M.sub.1 serves as
an induction generator due to the resonance of the capacitor
C.sub.P with the reactance between the terminals 1 and 2, as above
described. The single-to-three phase converter circuit applies
single-phase power to the input terminals A and B from the
three-phase voltage induced between adjacent terminals of the motor
M.sub. 1. Accordingly, the electrical device A.sub.1 interposed
between the terminals A and B continues its normal operation based
upon power generation of the gyro motor M.sub.1 even if the power
source is interrupted. In this case, there is the possibility that
when the internal impedance of the power source device G is low
relative to the induction generator M.sub. 1, that the power source
device G will become a great load on the gyro motor M.sub.1 and
hence no power generation will be accomplished.
This can be avoided by providing that the circuit will be cut off
at either one of the terminals A and B and terminals C' and D'
provided on the side of the primary winding T.sub.1 of the
transformer T when power interruption occurs. However, if the
circuit A.sub.1 is a small load, the above circuit need not always
be disconnected. It is rather necessary to prevent the "Q" of the
resonance circuit from being raised by indiscreetly cutting off the
circuit as this might provide an abnormally high generated voltage.
This is also true of the capacitor C.sub.P and the inductance L for
the single-to-three phase conversion. It is necessary to select the
"Q" of the resonance circuit such that the circuit can be tuned to
a lower frequency band of the resonance frequency even if the
number of revolutions of the rotor gradually decreases. The broken
line block including the capacitor C.sub.P and the inductance L in
FIG. 5 indicates the single-to-three phase converter PA of FIG.
4.
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a modified form of this invention
for driving the gyroscopic instrument by using a known transistor
inverter as the power source device G. In this example, reference
numerals and characters similar to those in FIG. 5 identify the
same elements as those in FIG. 6. When supplied with power of a DC
power source E.sub. 1, transistors Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 of the power
source device G are alternately turned on and off one after the
other by the operation of a transformer T.sub.2 of the power source
device G, producing an AC voltage E.sub.21 of square wave shape as
shown between both ends A and B of a secondary winding T.sub.22 of
the transformer T.sub. 2. Reference character A.sub.2 designates an
additional circuit of the gyro which is similar to the circuit
A.sub.1 but which requires a power source of a different phase from
that of the circuit A.sub. 1. In the present example the power
source for the circuit A.sub.2 is derived from terminals 1 and 2 of
the motor M.sub. 1. The voltage between the terminals 1 and 2 is
used as a driving signal for a servo device or the like which is
indispensable for the gyroscopic instrument. In this example an
inductance L' is connected in parallel with the capacitor C.sub.P .
The inductance L' has a center tap b between one end a and one end
2, and tap b is electrically capacitive and compensates for the
influence of the parallel connection of the capacitor C.sub.P
directly to the gyro rotor. The impedances of the windings of the
induction motor M.sub.1 are at a minimum when the rotor is at a
standstill and the impedances increase with an increase in the
revolving speed of the rotor and becomes high when the rotor
rotates at the synchronous speed. Therefore, when the capacitor
C.sub.P for phase advance is directly connected in parallel to the
motor windings as depicted in FIG. 4, the desired phase division is
not achieved. However, when the load A.sub.2 is also connected in
parallel between the terminals 1 and 2 of the windings as shown in
FIG. 6, the inductance L' is required for the elimination of the
influence of the circuit A.sub. 2.
It is a known technique for obtaining a stable output voltage in an
induction motor to connect a capacitor to the terminals through an
auto-transformer or to connect a saturable reactor in parallel to
the capacitor so as to adjust a phase advancing current necessary
for power generation.
Accordingly, the connection of the capacitor C.sub.P to the
terminals of the motor through the inductance L' as shown in FIG. 6
provides an advantage that a stable output can be obtained not only
in the case of the single-to-three phase converter but also when
using it as an induction generator during power stoppage.
In FIG. 7 there is depicted another modification of this invention,
which is an improvement to that of FIG. 6. In FIG. 7, reference
numerals and characters similar to those in FIG. 6 identify similar
elements. In the illustrated example, the motor can be operated as
an induction generator for many hours and the voltages between the
respective phases can be kept at substantially the same value. In
the present example, two ganged movable switch contacts K.sub.1 and
K.sub.2 of a relay coil K are inserted into one transmission line
for a single-phase output voltage derived from the power source
device G. Reference characters K.sub. 11, K.sub.12 and K.sub.21 ,
K.sub. 22, respectively indicate two pairs of fixed contacts for
the movable switch contacts K.sub.1 and K.sub. 2. The relay coil K
is energized by the transformer T.sub. 1. When the relay coil K is
not energized, the movable switch contacts K.sub.1 and K.sub.2
contact the fixed contacts K.sub.12 and K.sub.22 , respectively.
The movable switch contact K.sub.2 is connected in series to a
capacitor C' and this series circuit is connected in parallel
across the inductance L. When supplied with power from the power
source device G, the circuit depicted in FIG. 7 performs exactly
the same operation as that of FIG. 6, since the movable switch
contact K.sub.1 of the relay makes contact with the stationary
contact K.sub.11 . When the power from the power source device G
has been cut off, a self-excited induced voltage is generated by
the three-phase motor M.sub.1 as previously described and power is
supplied to the additional electrical device A.sub.1 . At this
time, the movable switch contact K.sub.1 and K.sub.2 of the relay
are in contact with the contacts K.sub.12 and K.sub.22 ,
respectively, as depicted in the figure, so that the power source
device G is disengaged from the load side including the
single-to-three phase converter circuit. As a result of this,
neither exciting current of the transformer T.sub.1 nor reactive
current to the inverter flow and all the power from the motor
M.sub.1 is fed to the electrical device A.sub.1 . Further, the
voltage balance between the respective phases is effectively
maintained because the capacitor C' is inserted in parallel with
the inductance L at this time as above described. This ensures a
supply of proper voltage to the electric device A.sub.1 for many
hours.
As has been described in the foregoing, the present invention
enables normal driving of the gyroscopic instrument in the case of
temporary interruption of its power source and ensures that it is
driven without any trouble even after the interruption of the power
source has ended.
It will be apparent that many modifications and variations may be
effected without departing from the scope of the novel concepts of
this invention.
* * * * *