U.S. patent number 3,679,768 [Application Number 04/769,733] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-25 for hydrodealkylation process with catalyst of group vib metals promoted by tin oxide or lead oxide.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ashland Oil, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ronald A. Kmecak, Stephen M. Kovach, Ralph E. Patrick.
United States Patent |
3,679,768 |
Kmecak , et al. |
July 25, 1972 |
HYDRODEALKYLATION PROCESS WITH CATALYST OF GROUP VIB METALS
PROMOTED BY TIN OXIDE OR LEAD OXIDE
Abstract
A process for the hydrodealkylation of alkyl-substituted
aromatic hydrocarbons, including contacting the alkyl-substituted
aromatic hydrocarbons with a catalyst comprising a metal of Group
VIB of the Periodic System, such as chromium, molybdenum and
tungsten, in an amount from about 5 to 15 percent by weight based
on the finished catalyst and a promoter comprising a metal of Group
IVA of the Periodic System, such as tin and lead, in an amount
between about 1 to 15 percent by weight of the final catalyst, both
deposited on an inert oxide support, such as gamma aluminas,
silica-alumina, magnesia-alumina, etc., at a temperature of about
1,050.degree. to 1,200.degree. F, a pressure of about 100 to 1,000
psig., a liquid hourly space velocity of about 0.1 to 5 and a
hydrogen-to-hydrocarbon mole ratio between about 3 and 15 to 1. A
second promoting agent selected from the Group consisting of alkali
metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals, such as
potassium, rubidium, cesium, calcium, strontium, barium, cerium,
thorium, etc., may also be deposited on the carrier.
Inventors: |
Kmecak; Ronald A. (Ashland,
KY), Kovach; Stephen M. (Ashland, KY), Patrick; Ralph
E. (Flatwoods, KY) |
Assignee: |
Ashland Oil, Inc. (Houston,
TX)
|
Family
ID: |
25086362 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/769,733 |
Filed: |
October 22, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
585/489; 502/304;
208/136; 208/144; 502/306; 502/302; 502/305 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01J
23/26 (20130101); B01J 21/06 (20130101); B01J
23/14 (20130101); C07C 4/18 (20130101); C07C
2523/40 (20130101); C07C 2523/74 (20130101); C07C
2523/10 (20130101); C07C 2523/24 (20130101); C07C
2523/04 (20130101); C07C 2521/04 (20130101); C07C
2523/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C07C
4/00 (20060101); C07C 4/18 (20060101); B01J
21/00 (20060101); B01J 23/14 (20060101); B01J
23/26 (20060101); B01J 21/06 (20060101); B01J
23/16 (20060101); C07c 003/58 (); B01j
011/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;260/672
;252/455,457,458,462,465,467-470,472-474 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gantz; Delbert E.
Assistant Examiner: Schmitkons; G. E.
Claims
We claim:
1. A process for hydrodealkylating alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon
materials, comprising; contacting the hydrocarbon materials with a
catalyst comprising about 5 to 15 percent by weight of an active
metal of Group VIB of the Periodic System and a promoting amount of
about 1 to 15 percent by weight of a metal selected from the group
consisting of tin oxide and lead oxide, both impregnated on a
carrier consisting essentially of at least one solid, pellet-form
inert oxide, under conditions sufficient to effect said
hydrodealkylation reaction, including, a temperature of about
1,050.degree. to 1,200.degree.F, a pressure of about 100 to 1,000
psig, a liquid hourly space velocity of about 0.1 to 5, and a
hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio between about 3 and 15 to 1.
2. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein about 0.05 to 0.5
percent by weight of a secondary promoting metal from Group VIII of
the Periodic System is impregnated on the carrier.
3. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein about 1 to 15
percent by weight of a secondary promoter selected from the group
consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earth
metals is impregnated on the carrier.
4. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the secondary
promoting metal is in its oxide form.
5. A process in accordance with claim 4 wherein about 0.05 to 0.5
percent by weight of a tertiary promoting metal from Group VIII of
the Periodic System is impregnated on the carrier.
6. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the secondary
promoting metal is an alkali metal.
7. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the secondary
promoting metal is an alkaline earth metal.
8. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the secondary
promoting metal is a rare earth metal.
9. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the inert oxide
carrier is a gamma alumina.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process for the
hydrodealkylation of alkyl aromatics to the parent aromatic
hydrocarbons. More specifically, the present invention relates to a
process for the hydrodealkylation of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons to
the parent aromatic hydrocarbons, utilizing a unique catalyst
system.
The hydrodealkylation of alkyl aromatics has been practiced for
many years. The principal processes involve the conversion of
toluene and like alkyl-substituted benzenes to benzene, and coal
tar light oils and coal tar methyl naphthalene to benzene and
naphthalene, respectively. These processes may be catalytic or
non-catalytic in nature. The non-catalytic system which involves
thermal dealkylation, in the presence of hydrogen, requires high
temperatures and pressures. While the catalytic processes require
lower temperatures and pressures, these temperatures and pressures
are still quite high and therefore result in short catalyst life.
Most commercial catalytic processes employ chromia-magnesia
deposited on an alumina base as a catalyst. Since the development
of this catalyst, there has really been no improvement in catalysts
for this reaction.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new
process for the hydrodealkylation of alkyl aromatics employing a
novel catalyst system. In a more specific aspect, the present
invention relates to the process for the hydrodealkylation of alkyl
aromatics wherein catalysts which improve conversion are employed.
Another and further object of the present invention is to provide a
process for the hydrodealkylation of aromatics wherein catalysts of
higher selectivity are utilized. A still further object of the
present invention is to provide an improved process for the
hydrodealkylation of alkyl aromatics wherein catalysts which reduce
carbon lay-down on the catalyst are employed. A further object of
the present invention is to provide an improved hydrodealkylation
process for the hydrodealkylation of alkyl aromatics wherein novel
catalysts are employed which permit operation at lower than
conventional temperatures. Another and further object of the
present invention is to provide an improved system for the
hydrodealkylation of alkyl aromatics wherein catalysts are employed
which permit the use of lower hydrogen partial pressures.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, in accordance with the present invention, alkyl aromatic
hydrocarbons are hydrodealkylated by contacting the alkyl aromatics
with a catalyst comprising a metal of Group VIB of the Periodic
System and a promoter of Group IVA of the Periodic System and these
materials in combination with additional promoters selected from
the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and
rare earth metals.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A suitable feedstocks for use in accordance with the present
invention include toluene, polymethyl benzenes, coal tar light
oils, coal tar methylnaphthalene concentrates, and bicyclic
concentrates from light cycle oils and heavy reformates. Feedstock
preparation includes fractionation to remove front ends or bottoms
to thereby remove undesired fractions such as unsaturates, indanes
and resinous materials. For example, it has been found that coal
tar methylnaphthalene concentrates, as received from the coke oven,
contain a large amount of contaminants, such as polymers, resins
and free carbon. Distillation of such raw materials to yield a 90
percent overhead leaves these materials as a bottoms. Hydrogenation
and hydrotreating of the overhead fraction removes sulfur, nitrogen
and oxygen contaminants, but, due to the thermal instability of the
feedstocks, a heavy resinous material is produced through thermal
polymerization. Distillation of the hydrotreated product is
required to remove these resins and thereby reduce carbon lay-down
on the hydrodealkylation catalyst and reduce hydrogen consumption
due to hydrocracking of the resins and polymers.
The processing conditions for the hydrodealkylation reaction of the
present invention include a temperature between about 1,050.degree.
and 1,200.degree. F, a pressure between about 100 and 1,000 psig.,
a liquid hourly space velocity between about 0.1 and 5, and a
hydrogen-to-hydrocarbon mole ratio of about 3 to 15/1.
The catalysts to be employed in accordance with the present
invention include metal oxides from Group VIB of the Periodic
System, particularly chromium, molybdenum and tungsten. Primary
promoters include Group IVA metal oxides, such as tin and lead. The
additional promoters include alkali metal oxides of Group I of the
Periodic System, and alkaline earth metal oxides of Group II of the
Periodic System, and rare earth metals. Examples of materials of
this nature which may be employed include potassium, rubidium, and
cesium; magnesium, calcium and strontium, and cerium and thorium,
etc. The active metal and the promoter are deposited on an inert
oxide support, which preferably includes a high area alumina having
a boehmite, bayerite, beta, or eta crystalline form, or other
aluminas, silica-alumina, silica, silica-magnesia, silica-zirconia,
alumina-magnesia, etc.
The optimum active metal content of the catalyst is about 5 to 15
percent by weight based on the final catalyst. The primary and
secondary metal oxide promoters should be present in amounts of
about 1 to 15 percent by weight.
The catalysts of the present invention may be prepared by
well-known impregnation techniques. One may employ extrudates or
pellets for impregnation or powders followed by pelletization or
extrusion to yield the finished catalyst. The active metal and the
promoter may be added through the use of water-soluble salts, such
as their halides, nitrates, sulfates, acetates, etc. Easily
hydrolyzed salts can be kept in solution without decomposition by
employing appropriate inorganic acids.
The following examples illustrate method of preparing the composite
catalysts of the present invention.
EXAMPLE I
To 900 ml. of distilled water was added 81 g. of stannous sulfate
and 30 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid was
required to bring the insolubles from the stannous sulfate into
solution. This was believed to be tin hydroxide. This solution was
added to 900 ml. of a boehmite alumina as pellets and after contact
for fifteen minutes, the unadsorbed liquid was decanted from the
catalyst pellets. The resulting impregnated catalyst was dried at
250.degree. F for one hour and calcined in air at 950.degree. F for
16 hours in a muffle furnace. This yielded a catalyst of the
following composition:
4% SnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
A solution containing 150 ml. of distilled water, 45 g. of chromic
acid, and 9.5 g. of potassium nitrate was added to 150 ml. of 4%
SnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 pellets from above. Catalyst and solution was
in contact for 15 minutes and the unadsorbed liquid was decanted.
The resulting catalyst was dried at 250.degree. F for 1 hour and
calcined in air at 950.degree.F in a muffle furnace for 16 hours.
This yielded a catalyst of the following composition:
15% Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 --2% K.sub.2 O--4% SnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
EXAMPLE II
To 600 ml. of distilled water was added 20 g. of lead nitrate. This
solution was added to 600 ml. of a boehmite alumina as pellets and
after contact for 15 minutes, the unadsorbed liquid was decanted
from the catalyst pellets. The resulting impregnated catalyst was
dried at 250.degree.F for 1 hour and calcined in air at
950.degree.F in a muffle furnace for 16 hours. This yielded a
catalyst of the following composition:
2% PbO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
A solution containing 150 ml. of distilled water, 36 g. of chromic
acid, and 5.5 g. of cesium nitrate was added to 150 ml. of 2%
PbO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 pellets from above. Catalyst and solution was
in contact for 15 minutes and the unadsorbed liquid was decanted.
The resulting catalyst was dried at 250.degree.F for one hour and
calcined in air at 950.degree.F in a muffle furnace for 16 hours.
This yielded a catalyst of the following composition:
12% Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 --2% Cs.sub.2 O--2% PbO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
EXAMPLE III
To 200 ml. of distilled water was added 15 g. of cesium nitrate and
40 g. of chromic acid. This solution was added to 200 ml. of a
boehmite alumina and after contact for 15 minutes, the unadsorbed
liquid was decanted from the catalyst pellets. The resulting
impregnated catalyst was dried at 250.degree.F for 1 hour and
calcined in air at 950.degree.F in a muffle furnace for 16 hours.
This yielded a catalyst of the following composition:
10% Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 --4% Cs.sub.2 O--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
EXAMPLE IV
To 500 ml. of distilled water as added 41 g. of cerous nitrate
hexahydrate and 100 g. of chromic nitrate. This solution was added
to 500 ml. of a bayerite alumina and after contact for fifteen
minutes, the unadsorbed liquid was decanted from the catalyst
pellets. The resulting impregnated catalyst was dried at
250.degree.F for 1 hour and calcined in air at 950.degree.F in a
muffle furnace for 16 hours. This yielded a catalyst of the
following composition:
10% Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 --2% Ce.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
EXAMPLE V
To 600 ml. of distilled water was added 54 g. of stannous sulfate
and 20 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid. The tin sulfate was
partially insoluble and the sulfuric acid brought it into solution.
This insolubility was probably due to the presence of tin
hydroxide. This solution was added to 600 ml. of a boehmite alumina
and after contact for 15 minutes, the unadsorbed liquid was
decanted from the catalyst pellets. The resulting impregnated
catalyst was dried at 250.degree.F for 1 hour and calcined at
950.degree.F for 16 hours to yield a catalyst of the following
composition:
4% SnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
A solution containing 150 ml. of distilled water and 30 g. of
chromic acid was added to 150 ml. of 4% SnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
pellets (prepared as above) and allowed to remain in contact for 15
minutes before decanting the unadsorbed liquid. The impregnated
catalyst was dried at 250.degree.F for 1 hour and calcined in air
at 950.degree.F for 16 hours in a muffle furnace. This yielded a
catalyst of the following composition:
10% Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 -4% SnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
EXAMPLE VI
A 4% SnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst was prepared according to the
procedure described in Example V. To 150 ml. of 4% SnO--Al.sub.2
O.sub.3 pellets was added a solution containing 150 ml. of
distilled water and 1 g. of rhodium trichloride. The unadsorbed
liquid was decanted and the catalyst dried and calcined according
to the procedure outlined in Example I. To the rhodium oxide-tin
oxide-alumina catalyst was added a solution containing 150 ml. of
distilled water and 45 g. of chromic acid. The catalyst was dried
and calcined (see Example I) to yield the following
composition:
15% Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 -0.5% Rh--4% SnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
EXAMPLE VII
By employing the techniques and procedures outlined previously,
other catalytic compositions were prepared. A solution containing
600 ml. of distilled water, 54 g. of stannous sulfate and 20 ml. of
concentrated sulfuric acid was added to 600 ml. of a boehmite
alumina. Drying and calcination yielded to the following
composition:
3% SnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
A solution containing 150 ml. of distilled water, 29 g. of ammonium
molybdate, 10 g. of potassium nitrate, and 5 ml. of concentrated
ammonium hydroxide was added to 150 ml. of 3% SnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
pellets. Drying and calcination yielded the following
composition:
12% MoO.sub.3 --2% K.sub.2 O--3% SnO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
It has also been found advantageous to add trace amounts of a Group
VIII metal, such as platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium,
nickel, etc. as a promoter. The amount of this metal should be
about 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight and the metal is preferably in
its oxide form.
The following Tables illustrate the effectiveness of the present
catalysts compared with a commercial chromia-magnesia on alumina
hydrodealkylation catalyst.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE I
Feed: Coal Tar Methylnaphthalene
Standard Conditions: 1100.degree.F, 500 PSIG, 0.5 LHSV, 5/1 H.sub.2
/H'C
Run 1 2 3 Catalyst 12Cr-1K-3Sn-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 15Cr-4Sn- Al.sub.2
O.sub.3 Feed Special processing none topped to topped to
500.degree.F 500.degree.F product distribution <Naphthalene*
37.2 2.50 40.4 Naphthalene 56.8 71.4 56.4 Methylnaphthalene 2.0 1.0
2.2 Dimethylnaphthalene 3.5 2.6 3.0 Wt. % Feed Me Naph. Conversion
87 94 86 Carbon on Catalyst Wt. % Feed 0.91 1.1 0.73
__________________________________________________________________________
Standard Conditions: 1100.degree.F, 500 PSIG, 0.5 LHSV, 5/1
H.sub.2
/H'C Run 4 5 6 7 8 Catalyst Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 -K.sub.2 O Cr.sub.2
O.sub.3 Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SnO-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -K.sub.2 O
-SnO-Al.sub .2 O.sub.3 SnO-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 Feed Toluene 47.7 50.6
51.6 51.6 75% Toluene Naphthalene 33.4 32.6 48.3 48.3 25% Tetralin
Me Naphthalene 13.0 16.0 -- -- -- Di Me Naphthalene 5.8 -- -- -- --
product distribution <Naphthalene 42.6 47.4 52.3 44.0 80
Naphthalene 56.6 52.4 47.7 56.0 20 Me Naphthalene 0.6 0.2 -- -- --
Di Me Naphthalene 0.2 -- -- -- -- Carbon on Catalyst Wt. % Feed 1.5
0.96 1.60 0.20 0.05
__________________________________________________________________________
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TABLE III
Standard Conditions: 1100.degree.F, 600 PSIG, 0.5 LHSV, 8/1
H.sub.2
/H'C Run 9 10 11 Catalyst 12Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 5Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3
-10SnO 5Cr.sub.2 -2MgO-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
O.sub.3 Feed (a) (a) (b) product distribution <Naphthalene 34.7
28.7 43.6 Naphthalene 61.7 66.2 55.9 Me Naphthalene 0.7 2.1 0.4 Di
Me Naphthalene 2.9 3.0 -- Carbon on Catalyst Wt. % Feed 0.88 0.21
0.11 (a) (b) Toluene 50.4 Toluene 40.0 Naphthalene 30.4 Decalin 5.0
Me Naphthalene 13.2 Tetralin 40.0 Di Me Naphthalene 6.0
Methyldecalin 1.5 Methyltetralin 13.5
__________________________________________________________________________
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE IV
Feed: Toluene
Standard Conditions: 1150.degree.F, 500 PSIG, 0.5 LHSV, 5/1 H.sub.2
/H'C
Run 12 13 14 15 16 catalyst 12Cr-2Mg 15Cr-2K 15Cr-2Cs-2Sn 12Cr 12Mo
-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -4Sn-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -2 Cs-2Pb
-2K-3Sn -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 liquid recovery vol. %
Feed 84 80 81 82 82 product distribution <benzene 0.8 0.6 0.9
0.8 0.6 benzene 66.8 82.3 88.6 82.4 81.0 toluene 32.4 17.1 10.5
16.7 18.4 wt. % feed toluene conversion 72.8 86.3 91.5 86.3 84.9
select- ivity to 92 92 94 94 94 benzene carbon on catalyst wt. %.
feed 0.26 0.014 0.02 0.04 0.08
__________________________________________________________________________
The following Table illustrates the effect of sulfur in the feed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE V
Feed: Toluene
Standard Conditions: 1150.degree.F, 500 PSIG, 0.5 LHSV, 5/1
H.sub.2
/H'C Run 17 18 Catalyst 15Cr-2K-4Sn-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 Sulfur, ppm 0
400 Liquid Recovery Vol. % Feed 80 84 Product Distribution
<Benzene 0.6 0.5 Benzene 82.3 78.2 Toluene 17.1 21.3 Wt. % Feed
Toluene Conversion 86.3 82.2 Selectivity to Benzene 92 96 Carbon on
Catalyst Wt. % Feed 0.014 0.014
__________________________________________________________________________
Further studies yielded the following results:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE VI
Feed: Coal Tar Methylnaphthalene.sup.(a)
Standard Conditions: 1100.degree.F, 500 PSIG, 0.5 LHSV, 5/1 H.sub.2
/H'C
Run 19 20 Catalyst 12Cr-2Mg-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 12Cr-1K-3Sn-Al.s ub.2
O.sub.3 Product Distri- bution <Naphthalene 37.8 38.3
Naphthalene 59.0 55.3 Methylnaphthalene 1.4 1.6 Dimethylnaphalene
2.9 5.1 Wt. % Feed Me Naphthalene Conversion 90 90 Carbon on
Catalyst Wt. % Feed 1.32 0.33
(a) Wt.% <Naphthalene 50.4 Naphthalene 30.4 Methylnaphthanele
13.4 Dimethylnaphthalene 5.8 >DMN --
__________________________________________________________________________
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE VII
Feed: Toluene
Standard Conditions: 1150.degree.F, 500 PSIG, 0.5 LHSV, 5/1
H.sub.2
/H'C Run 21 22 23 Catalyst 12Cr-2Mg 10Cr-4K 10Cr-4Cs -Al.sub.2
O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 Liquid Recovery Vol. %
Feed 84 83 80 product distribution <Benzene 0.8 0.7 0.9 Benzene
66.8 75.6 81.8 Toluene 32.4 23.7 17.3 Wt. % Feed Toluene Conversion
72.8 80.2 86.2 Selectivity to 92 93 92 Benzene Carbon on Catalyst
Wt. % Feed 0.26 0.19 0.07
__________________________________________________________________________
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE VIII
Conditions: 1150.degree.F, 500 PSIG, 0.5 LHSV, 5/1 H.sub.2 /H'C
Feed:
Toluene Run 24 25 Catalyst 12 Cr--1Ce 12 Cr--1Sr 3 Pb--Al.sub.2
O.sub.3 3 Pb--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 Liquid Recovery Vol. % Feed 82.0
83.3 Product Distribution <Benzene 0.6 0.8 Benzene 74.3 71.8
Toluene 25.1 27.4 Wt. % Feed Toluene Conversion 79.4 77.3
Selectivity to Benzene 92 92 Carbon on Catalyst Wt. % Feed 0.005
0.005
__________________________________________________________________________
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE
IX Run 26 27 351-64 351-71 Catalyst 10Cr-2Pb-Al 12Mo-4Sn-Al Feed
Operating Conditions Temperature, .degree.F 1100 1100 Pressure,
PSIG 500 500 LHSV 0.5 0.5 H.sub.2 /H'C, m/m 5/1 5/1 Liquid Recovery
Vol. % Feed 81.0 80.5 Product Distribution, Vol.% <Naphthalene
41.0 41.4 Naphthalene 54.9 55.3 Methylnaphthalene 2.0 1.3
Dimethylnaphthanele 2.1 2.0 Wt. % Feed Methylnaphthalene Conversion
87 90 Carbon on Catalyst Wt. % Catalyst 6.95 5.90 Wt. % Feed 1.88
1.95
__________________________________________________________________________
The following illustrate the value of adding a noble metal as a
promoter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE X
Feed: Toluene
Standard Conditions: 1150.degree.F, 500 PSIG, 0.5 LHSV, 5/1
H.sub.2
/H'C run 28 29 30 31 32 catalyst 12Cr-2Mg 10Cr-4Sn 15Cr-4Sn
15Cr-4Sn 15Cr-4Sn -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2
O.sub.3 0.5Pt-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -0.5Rh -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 liquid
recovery vol. % feed 84 85 81.3 80 81.7 product distribution
<benzene 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.8 benzene 66.8 74.0 79.7 75.7 81.0
toluene 32.4 25.3 19.3 23.7 18.2 wt. % feed toluene conversion 72.8
78.5 84.3 81.0 85.1 select- ivity to benzene 92 96 92 90 93 carbon
on catalyst wt. % feed 0.26 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.04
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE XI
Feed: Coal Tar Methylnaphthalene.sup.(a)
Standard Conditions: 1100.degree.F, 600 PSIG, 0.5 LHSV, 8/1
H.sub.2
/H'C run 33 34 35 36 37 catalyst 12Cr-2Mg 5Cr-6Sn 8Cr-6Sn 8Cr-6Sn
5Cr-10Sn -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Al -0.1Pt -Al.sub.2
O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 product dist- ribution <naph- thalene
34.7 29.5 41.2 29.0 28.7 naph- thalene 61.7 66.0 52.5 67.2 66.2
methylnaph- thalene 0.7 -- 0.8 0.8 2.1 dimethylnaph- thalene 2.9
4.5 5.5 3.0 3.0 >DMN wt. % feed methylnaph. conversion 95 100 95
95 87 carbon on catalyst wt. % feed 0.88 0.23 0.18 0.41 0.21
(a) Wt.% <Naphthalene 50.4 Naphthalene 30.4 Methylnaphthalene
13.4 Dimethylnaphthalene 5.8 >DMN --
__________________________________________________________________________
the value of the Group IVA metals over metals of Group IVB is
illustrated by the following run which should be compared with runs
29 and 30.
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TABLE XII
Conditions: 1150.degree.F, 500 PSIG, 0.5 LHSV, 5/1 H.sub.2 /H'C
Feed:
Toluene Run 38 Catalyst 10Cr-4Ti-Al.su b.2 O.sub.3 Liquid Recovery
Vol. % Feed 72.7 Product Distribution <Benzene 4.7 Benzene 68.9
Toluene 26.4 Wt. % Feed Toluene Conversion 82.1 Selectivity to
Benzene 75 Carbon on Catalyst Wt. % Feed 0.09
__________________________________________________________________________
An effort was also made to prepare a catalyst having the following
composition:
5Cr -- 10Ti -- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
The catalyst disintegrated completely when the titanium solution
was added.
When reference is made herein to the Periodic System of the
elements, the particular groupings referred to are as set forth in
the Periodic Chart of the Elements in "The Merck Index," Seventh
Edition, Merck & Co., Inc., 1960.
* * * * *