U.S. patent number 3,678,441 [Application Number 05/014,379] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-18 for electrical connector interfacial seals.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation. Invention is credited to Edward C. Paugh, Harlan R. Upstone.
United States Patent |
3,678,441 |
Upstone , et al. |
July 18, 1972 |
ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR INTERFACIAL SEALS
Abstract
An interfacial seal for an electrical connector for use between
electrical connector interfaces. The environmental seal is formed
of a resilient material and mounted on one of the connectors. A
rear portion of the seal is fixed to the connector member. Upon
mating, the front portion of the seal forms a sealing surface
between the connector members and an intermediate portion of the
seal collapses outwardly. The intermediate and forward portion of
the seal may be initially tubular in shape and surround the
contacts of one of the connector members. Moreover, a groove may be
formed on the inner surface of the tubular members which provides a
relief.
Inventors: |
Upstone; Harlan R. (Arcadia,
CA), Paugh; Edward C. (Hacienda Heights, CA) |
Assignee: |
International Telephone and
Telegraph Corporation (New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
21765127 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/014,379 |
Filed: |
February 26, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
439/272 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
13/523 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01R
13/523 (20060101); H01r 013/52 () |
Field of
Search: |
;339/42,59-61,94 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: McGlynn; Joseph H.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An electrical connector assembly having an environmental seal
between a pair of mating interfaces of a first connector member and
a second connector member, each of said connector members having
axially extending forward portions which are adapted to mate with
one another and form a mated connector assembly;
said environmental seal being formed of a resilient material and
being mounted on one of said connectors, said seal having a rear
portion generally fixed on said connector member, an intermediate
portion extending forwardly from said rear portion and mounted
adjacent the forward portion of said one connector members and a
front edge surface which abuts an opening in the other of said
connector members upon mating, and forms a sealing surface
therebetween, the opening in said other connector member being
fixed relative to the rest of said other connector member, said
intermediate portion collapsing outwardly upon mating of said
connector members.
2. An environmental seal for a pair of mating connectors, each of
said connectors having a plurality of electrical contacts at least
a portion of which is mounted in an insulator block; said contacts
in one of said connectors being adapted to be mated with the
contacts in the other connector; said seal having a rear portion
which is generally fixed to a front surface of one of said
insulator blocks and a plurality of intermediate portions and front
portions, said intermediate and front portions being tubular in
shape and having an inner surface which surrounds said contacts of
one of said connectors;
the insulator block of said other connector having openings formed
at the entry of a bore having its contacts mounted therein with the
portion of said other insulator block containing said openings
being fixed relative to said contacts; said front end portions of
said seal engaging said openings upon mating of said connector
shells, while said intermediate portion collapses as said
connectors are drawn closer together.
3. An environmental seal in accordance with claim 2 wherein a
groove is formed on the inner surface of said intermediate portion,
said intermediate portion collapsing along the plane of said
groove.
4. An environmental seal in accordance with claim 2 wherein said
rear portion is formed of a surface which covers at least the
entire front surface of said insulator block to which it is
mounted.
5. An environmental seal in accordance with claim 2 wherein said
intermediate portion collapses generally radially along the axis of
said connectors.
6. An environmental seal in accordance with claim 2 wherein said
seal will provide an effective seal over a range of distances
between said connectors.
Description
The invention relates in general to electrical connector
interfacial seals and, more particularly, to an environmental seal
for use between electrical connector interfaces.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Interfacial sealing components, particularly those used between the
mating faces of electrical connectors are used to isolate
individual circuits from the detrimental effects of otherwise
degrading environments.
Typically harmful environmental conditions include moisture, salt
spray, sand, dust, fluids as well as fumes. To overcome these and
other environmental factors from being transmitted from one area of
equipment to another area through connectors, electrical
interfacial seals have been used to provide the necessary isolation
desired. Conventional interfacial seals function primarily by means
of compressive forces which are formed when two connector halves
are mated. Typically conventional environmental seals include flat
gaskets while other types utilize projecting surfaces to effect
localized compressive loading when the two connector halves are
mated. The later mentioned projecting surface seal is generally
considered the most reliable type of seal and may be considered to
operate in the same fashion as does a "cork in a bottle."
However, the most significant deficiency in the aforementioned
seals is the inability of these seals to maintain sealing over a
wide range of engagement lengths, that is, the distance between
engaging faces. While conventional cable to box, cable to wall, or
cable to cable connectors are generally held in close mating
relationship through the function of their built-in coupling
components, rack and panel type connectors must function over a
much wider span of interfacial spacings. This wide spacing range is
due to the fact that one-half of the connector is mounted in an
equipment rack whereas the mating connector is mounted on the
equipment box. Because of the structural characteristics of such
installations a wide variation in connector mounting surfaces
results with considerably larger variations between connector faces
than occurs with other connector installations.
In order to overcome the attendant disadvantages of prior art
environmental seals wherein the connector halves are subjected to a
broad spectrum of spacings, the present invention provides a highly
efficient reliable environmental seal. The seal provides maximum
environmental protection which is effective throughout a broad
spectrum of spacings between the connector halves. Moreover, the
force per unit length of deflection of the seal can be controlled
to values significantly less than conventional seals. The seal can
be used where each connector contains a plurality of pin and socket
contacts. Moreover, the seal is readily removable and replacable
should damage thereto occur.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises an electrical connector assembly having an
environmental seal between a pair of mating interfaces of a first
connector member and a second connector member. Each of the
connector members having axially extending forward portions which
are adapted to mate with one another and form a mated connector
assembly. The environmental seal is formed of a resilient material
and is mounted on one of the connectors. The seal has a rear
portion generally fixed on the connector member, an intermediate
portion extending forwardly from the rear portion mounted adjacent
the forward portion of the one connector members, and a front edge
surface which abuts an opening in the other of the connector
members upon mating and forms a sealing surface therebetween. The
opening in the other connector member is fixed relative to the rest
of the other connector member, with the intermediate portion
collapsing outwardly upon mating of the connector members.
The advantages of the invention, both as to its construction and
mode of operation, will be readily appreciated as the same becomes
better understood by reference to the following detailed
description when considered in connection with the accompanying
drawings in which like referenced numerals designate like parts
throughout the figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view, partly in section, of a male
and a female connector prior to mating utilizing the novel
environmental seal in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 depicts male and female connectors of FIG. 1 partly in
section partially mated;
FIG. 3 depicts the male and female connectors of FIG. 1 partly in
section with the connectors fully mated;
FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the seal shown in
FIG. 1, partly in section, prior to interconnection of the
connector halves; and
FIG. 5 illustrates the insulating seal of FIG. 4, partly in
section, in a position wherein the connector halves are fully
mated.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings there is shown in FIG. 1 a connector
assembly 12 having a plug connector 14 which is to be mated with a
receptacle connector 16. The plug connector 14 comprises an outer
shell 22 which is champfered at its front outer surface 24 and
contains an outwardly extending flange 26 at its rear outer
surface. The inner surface of the shell 22 contains a front bore
surface 28 which terminates at an inwardly extending flange 32
having a forward facing shoulder 34 and a rearward facing shoulder
36. The shell 22 further contains a rear bore surface 38 which
terminates at the rearward facing shoulder 36 of the flange 32.
Mounted with the shell 22 is a front insulator member 42 whose
outer dimensions are slightly less than the inner dimensions of the
flange 32. The insulator 42 contains a plurality of bores 44 which
terminate with a forward facing flared portion 46. The rear end of
the bore 44 is adjacent an enlarged circular bore portion 48 with
the junction of the bores 44 and 48 defining a rearward facing
shoulder 52. A rear bore portion 54 is slightly greater in diameter
than the bore 48 with the junction of the bores 48 and 54 being
defined by a rearward facing shoulder 56.
Mounted in the bore portion 38 of the shell 22 is a rear insulator
member 62. The front face 64 of the insulator 62 abuts the rearward
facing shoulder 36 of the shell and the rear face 66 of the
insulator 62 is flush with the rear surface of the flange 26. A
retaining ring 68 whose outer dimensions are greater than the bore
38 and whose inner dimensions are less than the outer dimensions of
the insulator 62 is utilized to maintain the insulator 62 in the
bore 38. The insulator 62 contains a plurality of forward bores 72
axially aligned with the bores in the front insulator 42. The bores
72 terminate in a forward facing shoulder 74. The insulator 62
further comprises rear bores 76 which terminate at the shoulder 74.
Electrical socket contacts 82 are mounted within the insulators 42
and 62 and contain a front contact portion 84 having a bore 86
therein. The front contact portion is integral with an enlarged cap
portion 88 which abuts the rearward facing shoulder 56. The rear
surface of the cap 88 is mounted flush with the interfacing
surfaces of the front and rear insulators 62. A crimping cup 92 of
the contact 84 is integral with the cap 88. The crimping cup 92 is
mounted in the front bore 72 of the rear insulator 62. Extending
rearwardly through the rear bores 76 are conductors 94 whose wires
96 have been crimped to the crimping cup 92.
The receptacle connector 16 comprises an outer shell 102 having an
outwardly extending flange 104 formed along the front outer surface
thereof. The shell 102 has a champfered front surface 106 whose
rear terminates at an enlarged forward bore portion 108. The rear
end of the forward bore portion terminates in a forwardly facing
shoulder 112. An inwardly extending flange portion 114 is defined
at its front surface by the forward facing shoulder 112 and in its
rear surface by a rearward facing shoulder 116. A reduced diameter
rear bore 118 is formed from the rear end of the shell 102 to the
rearward facing shoulder 116. Abutting the rearward facing surface
122 of the shell is an annular retaining ring 124 whose outer
surface is flush with the outer surface of the conductive shell 102
and whose inner dimensions are slightly smaller than the bore
118.
Mounted at the rear end of the conductive shell 102 is a rear
insulator 126 which is held within the shell by means of the
retaining ring 124. The rear surface 128 of the insulator 126 is
flush with the rear surface 122 of the shell 102 and the front
surface 130 terminates rearwardly of the rearward facing shoulder
116. The rear insulator contains reduced diameter rearward bores
132 and enlarged diameter forward bores 134, with a forward facing
shoulder 136 defining the junction of the bores. A front insulator
142 has its front surface 144 positioned flush with the forward
facing shoulder 112. The forward outer surface 146 of the insulator
142 is slightly less than the inner dimension of the flange 114 and
the rear portion thereof is slightly less than the bore 118 and
contains a forward facing shoulder 152 which abuts the rearward
facing shoulder 116 of the shell 102. Further, the rear surface 154
of the front insulator 142 abuts the front surface of the rear
insulator 126. The front insulator 142 further contains a plurality
of enlarged rear bores 162 and a reduced diameter forward bore 164.
The junction of the bores 162 and 164 define a rearward facing
shoulder 166.
An interfacial seal 172 which is normally made of a resilient
elastomer containing silicone, or other similar resilient material,
has a rear surface 174 which abuts the front surface 144 of the
front insulator 142. The seal contains a plurality of forwardly
extending tubular portions 176 which extend from the front face 178
of the seal. Each of the tubular portions contain a bore 182 which
extends from the front end of the tubular portion through to the
rear surface 174 of the seal, the bores 182 being axially aligned
with the bores of the front insulator 142 and the rear insulator
126. Further, an annular opening 184 is formed approximately in the
center of the tubular portion along the surface of the bore
182.
Pin contacts 186, having a front contacting surface 188 for mating
with the socket contacts 84, are mounted in the receptacle shell
102. The pin contacts extend forwardly of the tubular seal portion
176 and the rear end of the contacts terminate at a cap member 192
which is mounted in the bore 162 of the front insulator 142. The
rear surface of the cap 192 is flush with the rear surface of the
front insulator 142 and the front surface of the cap 192 abuts the
rearward facing shoulder 166. The pin contact portion 188 extends
forwardly from the front end of the cap member 192 and is seated in
the bore 164 of the front insulator 142 and the bore 182 of the
seal 172. A crimp cup 194 is mounted in the bore 134 of the rear
insulator 126 and the front end thereof is integral with the rear
surface of the cap 192. The rear end of the cup 194 abuts the
forward facing shoulder 136 formed in the insulator 126. Conductors
196 have wires 198 therein, the wires being crimped to the crimp
cup 194 with the conductors being positioned in the bore 132 of the
rear insulator 126.
As the pair of mating connectors 14 and 16 are joined together, as
shown in FIG. 2, the pin contacts 186 enter the contact portion 84
of the socket contacts. Further, the front end of tubular portion
176 abuts the flared portion 46 of the insulator 42 and continued
mating of the connectors as shown in FIG. 3 allows the desired seal
to form between the mating connectors. Moreover, the annular
opening 184 of the bore 182 provides an internal relief for the
seal and allows the seal to deflect outwardly along a plane of the
opening with lower sealing forces.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5 there is shown an alternative
embodiment of the interfacial seal but with the internal relief
opening omitted. The seal 200 is formed of a forward facing surface
202 and tubular portion 204 extending therefrom. A bore 206 is
formed in the tubular portion. The front end 208 of the tubular
portion enters the flared portion 46 of insulator 42 upon mating
causing the tubular portion to collapse outwardly radially along
the axis of the connectors.
As can readily been seen, sealing is achieved in both embodiments
at the junction of the front opening of the insulator 42 and the
tubular front end of the sealing member. Thus, the seals are made
effective over a broad spectrum of spacings between the connectors.
As the mating distance decreases the seal expands into the open
area between members, but due to the recovery characteristics of
the material, the seal will continue to function as mating
distances increase again. Thus, any inherent tendencies for mated
distances to change under vibration, loading, temperature,
expansion, contraction, or change in alignment conditions will be
compensated for by the resilient recovery characteristics.
Further, it should be understood that individual tube seals could
be used rather than the arrangement wherein the tubular members are
all joined together by a common portion.
* * * * *