U.S. patent number 3,678,177 [Application Number 05/128,830] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-18 for telecommunication cables.
This patent grant is currently assigned to British Insulated Callender's Cables Limited. Invention is credited to Thomas Lawrenson.
United States Patent |
3,678,177 |
Lawrenson |
July 18, 1972 |
TELECOMMUNICATION CABLES
Abstract
In a telecommunication cable comprising a plurality of pairs of
twisted together insulated conductors in which one or each of the
interstitial spaces present within the circumscribing cylinder of
each of some or all of the pairs of insulated conductors is
occupied by an elongate member of electrically insulating material,
which elongate members serve to prevent displacement of one pair
with respect to an adjacent pair, each elongate member is integral
with or secured to one of the insulated conductors of the pair with
which it is associated or is integral with or secure to the
elongate member, when present, occupying the other interstitial
space of the pair.
Inventors: |
Lawrenson; Thomas (Helsby,
EN) |
Assignee: |
British Insulated Callender's
Cables Limited (London, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
22437187 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/128,830 |
Filed: |
March 29, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
174/113C;
174/113AS; 174/113R; 174/116 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01B
11/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01B
11/00 (20060101); H01b 011/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;174/113R,113AS,113C,116 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Goldberg; E. A.
Claims
What I claim as my invention is:
1. A telecommunication cable comprising a plurality of pairs of
twisted together insulated conductors in which at least one of the
interstitial spaces present within the circumscribing cylinder of
at least some of the pairs of insulated conductors is occupied by
an elongate member made wholly of electrically insulating material,
which elongate members serve to prevent displacement of one pair
with respect to an adjacent pair, wherein each elongate member is a
part of one of the other elements of the pair with which the member
is associated.
2. A telecommunication cable comprising a plurality of pairs of
twisted together insulated conductors in which at least one of the
interstitial spaces present within the circumscribing cylinder of
at least some of the pairs of insulated conductors is occupied by
an elongate member made wholly of electrically insulating material,
which elongate members serve to prevent displacement of one pair
with respect to an adjacent pair, wherein each elongate member is
integral with the insulation of one of the insulated conductors of
the pair with which the member is associated.
3. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 2, wherein each
composite insulated conductor and displacement-preventing member is
of 8-shaped cross-section.
4. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein each
elongate member is integral with an elongate member of electrically
insulating material occupying the other interstitial space of the
pair with which the member is associated.
5. A telecommunication cable comprising a plurality of pairs of
twisted together insulated conductors in which each of the
interstitial spaces present within the circumscribing cylinder of
at least some of the pairs of insulated conductors is occupied by
an elongate member made wholly of electrically insulating material,
which elongate members serve to prevent displacement of one pair
with respect to an adjacent pair, wherein an intervening web of
insulating material lies between the insulated conductors of each
pair with which elongate members are associated and is integral
with the elongate members associated with the pair.
6. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 5, wherein each
composite displacement-preventing member associated with a pair of
insulated conductors is of substantially dumb-bell-shaped
cross-section.
7. A telecommunication cable comprising a plurality of audio pairs
and a plurality of video pairs in which each audio pair is
associated with a video pair to form a "pod," the audio pair of
each "pod" having the same length of pair twist as that of the
video pair with which it is associated and having one of its
conductors lying in one of the two interstitial spaces formed by
the conductors of the video pair and the other of its conductors
lying in the other of the two spaces, wherein at least one video
pair that does not have an audio pair associated with it has at
least one of its interstitial spaces present within the
circumscribing cylinder of the pair occupied by an elongate member
of electrically insulating material which serves to prevent
displacement of the pair with respect to an adjacent pair and which
is a part of one of the other elements of the video pair with which
the member is associated.
8. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 7, in which each
of the interstitial spaces of a video pair is occupied by a
displacement-preventing member, wherein the members are integral
with an intervening web of insulating material which lies between
the insulated conductors of the video pair.
9. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 7, wherein the
conductors of the video pairs are of copper and the conductors of
the audio pairs are of aluminum.
10. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 7, wherein the
"pods" and each pair and its associated displacement-preventing
member or members are laid-up helically around a central core.
11. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the
central core is a tube of insulating material.
12. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the
central core is an insulating member of solid cross-section.
13. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the
central core comprises at least one pair of conductors with at
least one displacement-preventing member.
14. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the
central core comprises several low frequency pairs of separately
insulated conductors.
15. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the
central core comprises at least one "pod."
16. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the
length of lay of the cores of each pair is different from that of
the cores of each of the other pairs.
17. A telecommunication cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein each
of at least some of the displacement-preventing members has
embedded in it an elongate flexible reinforcing member of an
electrically insulating material different from that of the member.
Description
This invention relates to telecommunication cables and in
particular to cables of the kind comprising a plurality of pairs of
twisted together insulated conductors.
With the object of preventing displacement of one pair of insulated
conductors with respect to an adjacent pair it has been proposed to
locate in one or each of the interstitial spaces present within the
circumscribing cylinder of each of some or all of the pairs of a
telecommunication cable an elongate, electrically non-conducting
non-metallic member which extends alongside the pair of conductors
throughout their length. During manufacture of a telecommunication
cable incorporating displacement-preventing members of this kind
difficulty is often experienced in ensuring that a
displacement-preventing member does not project locally beyond the
circumscribing cylinder of the pair with which it is associated
thus making the assembly of pairs and displacement-preventing
members inconsistent throughout the cable length and to overcome
this difficulty it is the normal practice to apply about the
assembly one or more helical lappings of insulating binder
tape.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved
telecommunication cable which is of such a construction that the
aforesaid difficulty is substantially reduced without the necessity
of using one or more binder tapes.
In the telecommunication cable in accordance with the invention in
which one or each of the interstitial spaces present within the
circumscribing cylinder of each of some or all of the pairs of
insulated conductors is occupied by an elongate member of
electrically insulating material, which elongate members serve to
prevent displacement of one pair with respect to an adjacent pair,
each elongate member is integral with or secured to one of the
insulated conductors of the pair with which the member is
associated or is integral with or secured to the elongate member,
when present, occupying the other interstitial space of the
pair.
Where each of the interstitial spaces of a pair is occupied by a
displacement-preventing member, preferably the members are integral
with an intervening web of insulating material which lies between
the insulated conductors of the pair, the composite
displacement-preventing member so formed being of substantially
dumb-bell-shaped cross-section. Where the or each
displacement-preventing member of a pair is integral with the
insulation of one of the insulated conductors, the composite
insulated conductor and displacement-preventing member so formed is
preferably of 8-shaped cross-section. The displacement-preventing
members may each be made wholly of insulating material, for
instance polyethylene, or may each have embedded therein throughout
its length an elongate flexible reinforcing member, of another
electrically insulating material, for instance, a thread or strand
of insulating material.
The invention is especially, but not exclusively, applicable to a
known form of telecommunication cable comprising a plurality of
audio pairs and a plurality of video pairs, each audio pair being
associated with a video pair to form a "pod." The audio pair of
each "pod" has the same length of pair twist as that of the video
pair with which it is associated and has one of its conductors
lying in one of the two interstitial spaces formed by the
conductors of the video pair and the other of its conductors lying
in the other of the two spaces.
In applying the present invention to the telecommunication cable of
the aforesaid patent the or each video pair, which is naturally
larger than an audio pair, that does not have an audio pair
associated with it preferably has one or each of its interstitial
spaces occupied by a displacement-preventing member in accordance
with the present invention.
By the expression "video pair" is meant a pair of separately
insulated conductors suitable for use at a frequency lying within
the range 1 to 10 megacycles/second. The expression "audio pair" is
intended to mean a pair of separately insulated conductors which is
not suitable for use as a video pair as hereinbefore defined but
which is normally suitable only for use at a frequency within the
audio frequency range.
In a preferred construction the "pods" and/or the or each pair and
its associated displacement-preventing member or members are laid
up helically around a central core. The central core is preferably
of insulating material and is preferably in the form of a tube of
insulating material but it may be of solid cross-section.
Alternatively the central core may comprise one or more than one
"pod" or pair and its associated displacement-preventing member or
members or several low frequency pairs of separately insulated
conductors.
The conductors of the audio and video pairs are preferably made of
copper but if desired the conductors of some or all of the audio
and/or video pairs may be made of aluminum.
The invention will be described in more detail, and by way of
example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing,
in which:
FIGS. 1 and 3 are cross-sectional views on an enlarged scale of two
forms of telecommunication cable in accordance with the
invention,
FIGS. 2 and 4, respectively, are cross-sectional views drawn on a
scale greater than that of FIGS. 1 and 3, of pairs of insulating
conductors of the cables shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 and
FIGS. 5 to 8, inclusive, are cross-sectional views on an enlarged
scale of four further forms of telecommunication cable in
accordance with the invention.
Each of the cables shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 comprises a central core
1, 11 of solid polythene around which are laid up helically six
pairs 2, 12 of polythene insulated conductors 3, 13 each comprising
a copper conductor and a covering of polythene insulation. The
length of lay of each pair 2, 12 is different from that of each of
the remaining five pairs. Each assembly is lapped with a tape 6, 16
of polyester film and is provided with a seamless covering 7, 17 of
polythene. The polythene covered assembly of each cable has a
screen 8, 18 comprising a lapping of copper tape and is enclosed in
a seamless sheath 10, 20 of polythene.
Referring now to the cable illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 the
interstitial spaces of each pair 2 of insulated conductors 3 are
occupied by solid elongate polythene members 4, the members 4 of
each pair being integral with an intervening web 5 of polythene
which lies between the insulated conductors of the pair.
In the cable shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 the interstitial spaces of each
pair 12 of insulated conductors 13 are occupied by solid elongate
polythene members 14, one member being integral with the insulation
of one insulated conductor 13 of the pair and the other member
being integral with the insulation of the other insulated conductor
13 of the pair.
In both cables the elongate members 4, 14 lie within the
circumscribing cylinder of the pair 2, 12 of insulated conductors
with which they are associated and serve to prevent displacement of
one pair with respect to an adjacent pair.
Each of the cables shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 comprises a central core
around which are laid up helically six pairs 22, 32, 42 and 52 of
polythene insulated conductors 23, 33, 43 and 53 each comprising a
copper conductor and a covering of polythene insulation. The length
of lay of each pair is different from that of each of the remaining
five pairs. The interstitial spaces of each of three of the pairs
22, 32, 42 and 52 are occupied by insulated conductors 29, 39, 49
and 59. The interstitial spaces of each of the other three pairs
22, 32, 42 and 52 are occupied by polythene members 24, 34, 44 and
54, embedded in each of which is a reinforcing strand 25, 35, 45
and 55 of another insulating material, one member of each pair
being integral with the insulation of the insulated conductor 23,
33, 43 and 53 of the pair and the other member being integral with
the insulation of the other insulated conductor of the pair. Each
assembly is lapped with a tape 26, 36, 46 and 56 of polyester film
and is provided with a seamless covering 27, 37, 47 and 57 of
polythene. The polythene covered assembly of each cable has a
screen 28, 38, 48 and 58 comprising a lapping of copper tape and is
enclosed in a seamless sheath 30, 40, 50 and 60 of polythene.
In each of the cables shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 the central core about
which the six pairs 22, 32, 42 and 52 are helically laid up is of a
different form from that in the other cables. In the cable shown in
FIG. 5 the central core is a tube 21 of polythene. In the cable
shown in FIG. 6 the central core 31 comprises a pair of insulated
conductors, the interstitial spaces between the pair being occupied
by solid elongate polythene members, one member being integral with
the insulation of one of the conductors of the pair and the other
member being integral with the insulation of the other conductor of
the pair. In the cable shown in FIG. 7 the central core 41
comprises three pairs of insulated conductors and in the cable
shown in FIG. 8 the central core comprises a pod 51 consisting of
an audio pair and a video pair.
In all of the cables shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 the elongate members 24,
34, 44 and 54 lie within the circumscribing cylinder of the pair
22, 32, 42 and 52 of insulated conductors with which they are
associated and serve to prevent displacement of the pair with
respect to an adjacent pair.
It will be appreciated that since the or each
displacement-preventing member of a pair of insulated conductors of
the telecommunication cable of the present invention is integral
with or permanently secured to an insulated conductor or another
displacement-preventing member, any tendency during making of the
cable for the displacement-preventing members to project locally
beyond the circumscribing cylinder of the pair with which they are
associated is substantially reduced with the result that a cable
can be made that is more consistent throughout its length and hence
has improved electrical characteristics than is possible when
making other forms of telecommunication cables of this kind.
Although in a telecommunication cable in accordance with the
present invention a binder tape or binder tapes need not be used to
obtain the improved electrical characteristics resulting from the
improved consistency of the cable throughout its length, it is to
be understood that, if desired, one or more lappings of binder tape
may be applied to an assembly of pairs and displacement-preventing
members without detrimental effect on these improved electrical
characteristics.
* * * * *