U.S. patent number 3,675,925 [Application Number 05/113,478] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-11 for color responsive toy.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Mattel, Inc.. Invention is credited to John W. Ryan, John G. Tomkinson, Paul R. Wieman.
United States Patent |
3,675,925 |
Ryan , et al. |
July 11, 1972 |
COLOR RESPONSIVE TOY
Abstract
A toy which senses the color of a target area to select an
appropriate output, one of such toys being a rifle which can be
aimed at a target device to register whether a hit has been made.
The rifle includes a lens which focuses light from the precise
direction in which the rifle is aimed onto two identical
photocells. A red filter is placed in front of a first of the cells
while a neutral density filter is placed in front of a second cell,
so that when the rifle is aimed at a red target the red-filtered
cell generates a larger output than the other. A detecting circuit
determines when the output from the red-filtered cell is greater
than that from the other to ring a bell in the gun that indicates a
hit. The detecting circuit is activated only at the instant when a
child first depresses a trigger on the gun.
Inventors: |
Ryan; John W. (Los Angeles,
CA), Tomkinson; John G. (Palos Verdes Peninsula, CA),
Wieman; Paul R. (Hawthorne, CA) |
Assignee: |
Mattel, Inc. (Hawthorne,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22349677 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/113,478 |
Filed: |
February 8, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
463/52; 250/226;
446/485; 356/141.2; 446/405 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41J
5/02 (20130101); A63F 9/0291 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41J
5/00 (20060101); F41J 5/02 (20060101); A63F
9/02 (20060101); A63f 009/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/203,202,215,226
;46/244R,244C ;273/101.1,101.2 ;356/152 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Stolwein; Walter
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A light responsive toy comprising:
at least first and second photodetectors for generating output
signals of an amplitude dependent upon the amplitude of light
incident thereon;
objects of predetermined color positionable at selected locations
relative to said toy;
light directing means for directing light reflected from said
objects when an object is at only a predetermined direction fixed
relative to said toy, onto each of said photodetectors;
color filter means for blocking the passage of light directed
towards said first photodetector means, to pass substantially only
light of a predetermined color thereto;
detector circuit means coupled to said first and second
photodetectors, for detecting a predetermined relationship in their
outputs; and
toy output means responsive to said detector circuit means for
initiating an output activity, whereby to provide a preselected
output activity upon the presence of an object of said
predetermined color at said predetermined direction, for a wide
range of ambient light levels.
2. The toy described in claim 1 including:
a housing in the form of a gun containing said light directing
means, to direct onto said photodetectors only light received from
the direction in which said gun is pointing; and wherein
said toy output means includes manually depressable trigger means
mounted on said housing and means coupled to said trigger means for
providing an indication of a hit only at the moment when said
trigger initially reaches a predetermined state of depression.
3. The toy described in claim 1 including;
a substantially neutral density filter positioned in front of said
second photodetector means.
4. The toy described in claim 1 including:
a vehicle housing containing said light directing means, said
photodetectors, said color filter, and said detector circuit means;
and
wheels rotatably mounted on said vehicle to support it, at least
one of said wheels mounted to steer in a plurality of directions;
and wherein
said toy output means comprises means for steering said at least
one wheel.
5. The toy described in claim 1 including: second toy output
means;
a third photodetector;
second color filter means for selectively blocking the passage of
light directed towards said third photodetector by said light
directing means to pass substantially only light of a second
predetermined color thereto; and
said detector circuit being is constructed to operate said second
toy output means when it detects a predetermined relationship in
the relative magnitudes of outputs from said second and third
photodetectors.
6. In combination with a toy target device having a target area of
a predetermined color surrounded by an area of different color, a
toy gun for firing at said target device comprising:
an aimable gun housing;
first and second photodetector cells mounted in said housing for
producing output signals of a magnitude dependent upon the
intensity of light incident thereon;
lens means mounted in said housing for directing light received
only from the direction in which said gun housing is aimed onto
said first and second photodetector cells;
color filter means for blocking the passage of light to said first
photodetector cell except for light of substantially the
predetermined color of said target area;
manually operable trigger means mounted on said gun housing;
means for indicating a hit; and
detector circuit means coupled to said first and second cells for
detecting a predetermined relationship in their outputs and for
operating said hit-indicating means only when light directed
thereto from said target device produces an output from said first
cell which exceeds a predetermined multiple of the output of said
second cell.
7. The toy gun described in claim 6 wherein: said means for
indicating a hit comprises apparatus mounted on said housing for
producing a predetermined sound.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to action toys.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Various toys have been devised to detect a target device by sensing
the light from it. Typically, the target device produces a strong
beam of light which the toy can distinguish from the much dimmer
surroundings. In many cases, it would be desirable to enable a toy
to detect a passive target by sensing the different amount of light
from it as compared to the surroundings, as where the target is
white and the surroundings are black. However, the great variation
in ambient light intensity makes it difficult to provide a toy that
can accurately distinguish between bright and dark areas that are
illuminated only by ambient light. A toy which could distinguish
passive target areas illuminated by ordinary room light or sunlight
would simplify the construction and use of toys. For example, a toy
rifle that could distinguish whether it had been accurately aimed
at a target at the moment when the trigger was pulled, without the
necessity for an elaborate target with photocells or lamps at the
targets, would simplify the toy targets and allow a variety of
different targets to be supplied at low cost.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a toy which can
select an output in accordance with the color seen in a
predetermined direction.
Another object is to provide a toy rifle which can be used with a
passive target to indicate whether the marksman has fired directly
at the target when he pulls the trigger.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a rifle
is provided which can be used with a passive target device
containing targets of a red color surrounded by areas of a white
color to automatically indicate whether the marksman has hit the
target. The rifle includes a pair of identical photodetector cells,
one covered by a red filter and the other by a filter that blocks
at least a part of the red light projected thereagainst. A lens
system focuses light received from the precise direction in which
the rifle is aimed onto the two cells. A circuit coupled to the two
cells determines when the output from the cell covered by the red
filter is greater than the output from the other cell to ring a
bell in the gun that indicates a hit. The circuit is activated only
at the instant when a trigger on the gun is initially pulled.
The novel features of the invention are set forth with
particularity in the appended claims. The invention will be best
understood from the following description when read in conjunction
with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of a color sensitive rifle and target
constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a partially diagrammatic view of the rifle of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the detecting circuit of FIG.
2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another form of detecting
circuit;
FIG. 5 is a view of a steerable toy vehicle and sign arrangement
constructed in accordance with another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 6 is a partially diagramatic view of the vehicle of FIG. 5;
and
FIG. 7 is a partial plan view of the chassis of the vehicle of FIG.
5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 illustrates a gun 10, constructed in accordance with the
invention, which is designed to be "fired" at a target device 12
which includes target areas 14 of a bright red color that are
surrounded by areas 16 of a white color. The target device is in
the form of a strip that moves in the direction of arrow 18 to make
the apparatus more interesting. When a child pulls a trigger 20 on
the gun, sensing apparatus in the gun detects whether the gun was
aimed accurately at one of the targets 14. If the aiming was
accurately on a target, a bell sound is produced which issues from
a speaker grill 22 in the stock of the gun. If the aiming was
improper, no bell sound is produced.
FIG. 2 illustrates a detecting system 24 located within the gun
housing 26, which determines whether a "hit" should be registered.
The system includes a first lens 28 which focuses light rays R
originating from a distant target. A stop 30 located at the focal
plane of the lens 28 prevents the passage of all light except that
which originates within a narrow angle around the direction in
which the gun is aimed. Light passing through the small aperture at
the center of the stop 30 is converged by a second lens 32.
A semi-reflecting mirror 34 positioned behind the second lens 32
reflects half of the light incident on itself towards a first
photodetector cell 36 and allows the other half of the light to
pass through itself towards a second photodetector cell 38. A red
filter 40 is placed between the mirror 34 and first photocell 36 to
allow only red light to reach photocell 36. A neutral density
filter 42 is positioned in front of the second photocell 38 to
block a portion of all colors of light incident thereon, so that
only portions of all colors of light reach the photocell 38. It may
be noted that lens 32 does not form a sharp image of the target on
the photocells 36 and 38, but only a very blurred and out of focus
"image." This is to prevent inequality in the photocell
illumination arising from misalignment of optical elements, which
might occur when the gun is aimed at the border between a black and
white areas. Instead, the field lens 32 is positioned to focus an
image of the objective lens 28 on the photocells.
If the target device 12 is illuminated by white light and the gun
is aimed precisely towards one of the red targets 14, then the rays
R received by the gun and which can pass through the stop 30 will
be red in color. One-half of these rays will be reflected by the
mirror 34, will pass through the filter 40, and will reach the
first photodetector 36. The other half of the red light will pass
through the mirror 34 and be partially absorbed by the neutral
density filter 42, so that only perhaps one-fourth of the received
light will reach the second photocell 38 instead of one-half. The
photocells 36 and 38 are identical and are constructed to provide
an output proportional to the intensity of light thereon, so that
the first cell 36 will provide a greater output than the second
cell 38. A detector circuit 44 compares the outputs of the two
cells 36 and 38. If the output from the first cell 36 exceeds the
output from the second cell 38, the detector circuit 44 provides an
output to a bell 46 which is located behind the grill 22 in the
stock of the gun. When the bell 46 rings, it indicates that the gun
has been aimed precisely at one of the red targets 14.
If the gun is aimed at the white area 16 surrounding the targets
14, then the rays from the direction in which the gun is aimed will
represent white light. The one-half portion of this light which is
reflected towards the first photocell 36 will be partially blocked
by the red filter 40 so that the first cell 36 will have a low
output. The one half portion of white light which passes through
the mirror 34 will be only partially absorbed by the neutral
density filter 42 so that perhaps one-fourth of the total lights
will reach the second photocell 38. The photocell 38 will therefore
provide a substantial output. The detector circuit 44 will then
determine, by the fact of the greater output from second photocell
38, that the target has not been hit. Accordingly, it will not
supply a signal to the bell 46 and no sound will be produced
thereby. It should be noted the reason why two cells 36 and 38 are
used is to provide an accurate determination as to whether the
target has been hit or missed, regardless of the intensity of
ambient light which illuminates the target device 12. The second
cell 38 essentially adjusts the sensitivity of the detector circuit
in accordance with the ambient light level at the target. Of
course, a minimum illumination level is required for the apparatus
to function properly.
FIG. 3 is a simplified circuit diagram of the detector circuit 44.
The photocells 36, 38 represent resistors whose resistances
decrease as the incident illumination increases so that the outputs
of the cells are essentially the voltages across themselves. The
circuit is of the Darlington type, including a transistor 48. The
transistor 48 is turned on when the first photocell 36 is strongly
illuminated and therefore its resistance drops, so that the voltage
at the base of transistor 48 becomes more negative and the
transistor conducts. When the transistor 48 conducts, its emitter
current flows through the base of a second transistor 50 so that
the second transistor 50 conducts and allows current to flow
through the bell output device 46 to produce a bell sound. A
battery 52 which powers the device is coupled to the circuit
through a switch 54 that is closed only when the trigger 20 on the
gun is depressed, so that the circuit can operate to ring the bell
only when a child has pulled the trigger.
In order to prevent a child from maintaining the trigger 20 in a
depressed state to ring the bell every time the gun line of sight
drifts over a target, a resistor 56 is connected in series with the
battery 52 and a capacitor 58 is connected across the combination
of the battery 52 and resistor 56. The resistor 56 is large enough
so that not enough current can flow directly through the battery to
operate the circuit in a manner to ring the bell. When a child
depresses the trigger 20 to close switch 54, the charge on the
capacitor 58 is applied to the circuit to operate it.
A dissipating resistor 60 is provided which dissipates the charge
on the capacitor during a short period such as one-half second
after the switch 54 is closed. However, before the charge is
dissipated through resistor 60, the charge is sufficient to operate
the circuit and ring the bell 46. Thus, if the gun is on a target
when the switch is closed, or up to one-half second thereafter, the
bell will ring. Otherwise, the bell will not ring unless the child
releases the trigger to allow the capacitor to recharge for a
second or two.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another circuit which can be
employed to detect when the first photocell 36 is more intensely
illuminated than the second one 38. When the trigger-operated
switch 54 is closed, resistor 62 holds the SCR 64 off and resistor
66 holds the transistor 68 off. If more light is incident upon the
second photocell 38 than on the first one 36, the voltage at the
base of transistor 68 will be more positive than the voltage at the
emitter thereof, transistor 68 will be held off, and the SCR 64
will not be triggered on. If more light becomes incident upon the
first photocell 36 than the other 38, transistor 68 turns on and
supplies current to the gate of the SCR 64 to trigger it on.
Resistors 69 and 70 supply a reference voltage for the emitter of
transistor 68 and provide current limiting through the transistor
68 and through the gate of the SCR 64.
The resistor 66 assures that transistor 64 will be held off when
the circuit is subjected to very low light levels. Resistor 62
collects leakage current from the collector of transistor 68 and
the gate of SCR 64, and also keeps the SCR 64 from firing as power
is applied, which might occur because of a high anode to gate
capacitance in SCR 64. A variety of electrical or mechanical
devices can be utilized to prevent the circuit of FIG. 4 from
supplying current to the load 46 except at the instant when the gun
trigger is first pulled.
In the detection system 24 of FIG. 2, a neutral density filter 42
is shown. Instead of utilizing such a filter, the mirror 34 can be
constructed to pass less than 50 percent of incident light towards
the second photocell 38, and the neutral density filter 42 can be
eliminated. Another alternative is to utilize photodetectors 36 and
38 which are not identical, but which, instead, are of different
size or which have different sensitivity characteristics. It is
also possible to utilize a green filter instead of the neutral
density filter 42, so that red light does not pass to the cell 38
but the green component of white light does pass thereto. Of
course, a variety of other variations can be resorted to, including
the use of two lens systems or the positioning of two smalls
photocells side-by-side and covered with different small color
filters to eliminate the need for a light-splitting mirror. In any
case, the detecting circuit coupled to the two cells is constructed
to operate the hit-indicating device when the output from one cell
exceeds a predetermined multiple (which may be one or any fraction
which is less or more than one) of the output from the other
cell.
FIG. 5 illustrates another type of toy in the form of a
self-propelled vehicle 80 with steerable wheels 82 that can turn to
the left, to the right, or remain directed straight ahead. The
vehicle is used in conjunction with right turn signs 84, 86 and
left turn signs 88 and 90 that command the vehicle to turn to the
left or right. Right turn signs 84 and 86 have a red color while
left turn signs 88 and 90 have a green color, all the signs being
positioned on stands 92. The vehicle 80 has a detection system 94
shown in FIG. 6, which detects the presence of a red or green sign
immediately in front of the vehicle. This system includes a lens 96
which focuses light rays L originating from a short distance such
as several inches in front of the vehicle, at the plane of a stop
98. Light passing through the stop 98 is concentrated by a lens
100. A semi-reflecting mirror 102 positioned behind the lens passes
one-third of the light and reflects two-thirds of it towards a
second semi-reflecting mirror 104. The second mirror 104 is
constructed to pass one-half of the light and reflect one-half of
it. Three photocells 106, 108, and 110 are positioned to receive
the light, with one-third of the light being directed towards each
of the three cells. A neutral density filter 112 is positioned in
front of the first cell 106, a red filter 114 is positioned in
front of the second cell 108, and a green filter 115 is positioned
in front of the third cell 110.
The system includes a right detection circuit 116 for detecting the
presence of a red, or right-indicating sign, and a left detection
circuit 118 for detecting the presence of a green, or
left-indicating sign in front of the vehicle. The output of the
first cell 106 is coupled to the right and left detection circuits
116 and 118. The output of the second cell 108 is coupled to the
right detection circuit 116 while the output of the third cell 110
is coupled to the left detection circuit 118. When the right
circuit 116 senses that the second cell 108 is generating a larger
output than the first cell 106, it delivers a pulse to a right
turning solenoid 120 that turns the vehicle to the right. When the
left detection circuit 118 determines that the third cell 110 has a
larger output than the first cell 106, it has sensed the presence
of a green sign and it delivers a pulse to a left turning solenoid
122 which turns the vehicle to the left. FIG. 7 illustrates a
chassis 124 of the vehicle and the solenoids 120, 122 for turning
the steerable wheels 82 of the chassis. The mechanism of FIG. 7 is
highly simplified, and various devices can be utilized to assure
that the vehicle will turn a predetermined amount, such as
90.degree., when a left or right turning sign is detected. Each of
the circuits 116, 118 can be of the type shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. A
child can arrange the red and green signs on a table top to control
the path of the vehicle 80 so that it moves along a predetermined
route.
Thus, the invention provides toys that are responsive to the color
of objects at a predetermined direction with respect to the toy,
and which control a toy output in accordance with the color
detected thereat. A variety of toy outputs can be provided, such as
the ringing of a bell to indicate that a rifle has been properly
aimed at a target or the control of a robot vehicle. A wide variety
of other types of toys can be constructed to sense the color of
objects illuminated by ambient light, and a variety of detection
systems can be utilized for detecting the color.
Although particular embodiments of the invention have been
described and illustrated herein, it is recognized that
modifications and variations may readily occur to those skilled in
the art and consequently it is intended that the claims be
interpreted to cover such modifications and equivalents.
* * * * *