U.S. patent number 3,675,711 [Application Number 05/026,641] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-11 for thermal shield.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Singer Company. Invention is credited to Donald J. Bilinski, Lawrence S. Galowin, Michael Napolitano.
United States Patent |
3,675,711 |
Bilinski , et al. |
July 11, 1972 |
THERMAL SHIELD
Abstract
A thermal shield consisting of a pair of walls forming an
enclosed space. A heat exchange fluid is disposed in the space
between the walls and is maintained at a working temperature
whereby it changes in phase in response to changes in temperature
along one of the walls.
Inventors: |
Bilinski; Donald J. (Dover,
NJ), Galowin; Lawrence S. (Upper Saddle River, NJ),
Napolitano; Michael (Mendham, NJ) |
Assignee: |
The Singer Company (New York,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
21833002 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/026,641 |
Filed: |
April 8, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/272; 165/47;
219/201; 219/530; 165/287; 74/5R; 165/104.26; 219/385 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16L
59/00 (20130101); F16L 59/06 (20130101); Y10T
74/12 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
F16L
59/00 (20060101); F16L 59/06 (20060101); F28d
015/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;165/105,32,47
;219/365,378,385,201,530 ;74/5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Davis, Jr.; Albert W.
Claims
We claim:
1. A thermal shield comprising a pair of spaced walls forming an
enclosure, a heat exchange fluid disposed in said enclosure, a
heater disposed on one of said walls, means for controlling the
operation of said heater to establish a substantially constant
working temperature for said fluid whereby it changes in phase
between a liquid and a vapor in response to changes in temperature
occurring at the outer surface of said one of said walls, a matrix
of porous material disposed on the inner surface of each of said
walls for permitting the transfer of said liquid along the inner
surface of said walls by capillary action, and a plurality of
grooves formed on the inner surfaces of said walls and enclosed by
said matrix of porous material to decrease the resistance to said
transfer of liquid.
2. The shield of claim 1 wherein said walls together form a cover
having a substantially cylindrical portion and a substantially
hemispherical portion extending over the top of said cylindrical
portion, said one wall forming the outer wall of said cover, and
said other wall forming an inner wall of said cover.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a shield, and more particularly to a
thermal shield for shielding and isolating an external device.
Thermal shields have been proposed which utilize solid structure
adapted to absorb heat and remove it to cooler regions. Other
designs utilize non-conductive vacuum chambers to isolate inner
regions from sensitivity to the external environmental conditions.
However, both of these techniques have shortcomings due to the
temperature gradients resulting from thermal resistance and power
required for cooling flow. Also, complete isolation by vacuum
installation is frequently impossible due to the need for
structural integrity, demanding mounting contact support at the
unit.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a
thermal shield which significantly reduces temperature gradients by
absorbing and transferring large variations in heat loads.
Toward the fulfillment of these objects, the thermal shield of the
present invention comprises a pair of spaced walls forming an
enclosure, a heat exchange fluid disposed in said enclosure, means
to establish a working temperature for said fluid whereby it
changes in phase between a liquid and a vapor in response to
changes in temperature occurring at the outer surface of one of
said walls, and means to effect the transfer of said liquid along
the inner surfaces of at least one of said walls by capillary
action.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Reference is now made to the accompanying drawings for a better
understanding of the nature and objects of the present invention.
The drawings illustrate the best mode presently contemplated for
carrying out the objects of the invention and are not to be
construed as restrictions or limitations on its scope. In the
drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the thermal shield of the present
invention, utilized as a cover for a gyroscope;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 2--2 of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of a structure similar to FIG. 2
but depicting another embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but depicting still another
embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the reference numeral
10 refers to the thermal shield of the present invention which for
the purposes of example, is depicted in the form of a generally
dome-shaped cover extending over a gyroscope 12. The gyroscope
includes an upper housing 14 and a lower housing 16, and since this
and the remaining structure of the gyroscope is conventional, it
will not be described in any further detail.
The shield 10 is formed by an inner wall 18 having a cylindrical
portion 18a which extends vertically as viewed in FIG. 2, and a
substantially hemispherical portion 18b closing the top of the
cylindrical portion. It is noted that the inner wall 18 is of a
similar shape as the upper housing 14 of the gyroscope and, in
certain applications can actually form the upper housing.
An outer wall 20 extends over the inner wall 18 in a spaced
relation thereto to form a chamber 22. The lower ends of the walls
18 and 20 are bridged by an annular end wall 24 which rests on the
upper portion of the lower housing 16 of the gyroscope.
A matrix of porous material, shown in general by the reference
numeral 26, is secured to the inner surfaces of the walls 18, 20,
and 24. In this manner, a "heat pipe" is formed, whereby a working
fluid, such as water, introduced into the chamber 22 by means of a
tube 27, and maintained at a predetermined working temperature,
undergoes a change in phase in response to temperature changes
occurring in proximity to the outer wall 20. As a result, the
temperature along the inner wall is maintained substantially
constant in accordance with classic heat pipe theory.
In order to regulate the working temperature of the fluid within
the cover 10, a heater 30 extends around the outer circumference of
the cylindrical portion of the wall 20. The heater may take any
conventional form, such as an electric resistance wire housed in a
casing as shown. A sensing device, shown diagrammatically by the
reference numeral 32, is mounted on the upper housing 14 of the
gyroscope, and is adapted to control the operation of the heater 30
in accordance with variations in temperature occurring in the
vicinity of the gyroscope 12. To achieve this, the sensing device
may be connected in a servo loop with the heater in a conventional
manner.
In operation, a predetermined working temperature for the fluid is
established by means of the heater 30 and this temperature level is
maintained uniform within a limited range by virtue of the
saturation properties of the liquid and vapor within the cover 10,
despite variations in temperature along the outer wall 20. In
particular, temperature fluctuations along the outer surface of the
wall 20 in response to ambient temperature changes, for example,
causes the latent heat of vaporization of the fluid to be absorbed
or released accordingly. Thus, upon an external cooling condition
occurring on the outer surface of the wall 20, the vapors within
the tube condense at the cool zone and release their heat of
formation. The condensed fluid passes into the material 26 and
moves by capillary action to a warmer position along the inner
surface of the wall 20. If a rise in temperature occurs anywhere
along the outer surface of the wall 20, the opposite condition
occurs, to wit, a portion of the liquid in the material 26 in the
vicinity of the hot zone is vaporized and the vapor, due to its
resultant increased pressure, moves to a lower pressure zone
whereby it condenses and gives up its heat energy. Due to the fact
that the above changes of phase of the fluid occurs at
substantially the same temperature, the temperature along the
cover, including the inner wall 18, is maintained constant. The
shield 10 thus provides a practical and realistic means of
significantly reducing temperature gradiants while absorbing and
transferring large variances in heat loads.
Since the embodiment of FIG. 3 is similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2,
only a portion of the shield will be shown in FIG. 3, and identical
structure will be given the same reference numerals. According to
this embodiment, the inner wall 18 and the outer wall 20 are each
provided with a plurality of arterial grooves 40 which are covered
by the matrix of porous material 26. These grooves provide low
resistance arteries for liquid flow along the cover in the
above-mentioned heat transfer process, and thus may increase the
efficiency of the process.
In the embodiment of FIG. 4, a matrix of porous material 50 is
disposed along each of the inner surfaces of the walls 18 and 20,
and is of a thickness sufficient to fill the entire space between
the walls. A plurality of channels 52 are provided at the interface
of the material disposed along each of the walls. The material 50
thus provides an increased surface area for capillary flow of the
working fluid in a liquid state, while the channels 52 permit flow
of the fluid in a vapor state.
Many other variations may be made in the above without departing
from the scope of the invention. For example, the grooves 40 and
the channels 52 may extend in a direction or directions other than
that shown in the drawings. Also, the matrix of porous material can
be formed by sintering powdered metals to their respective inner
wall surfaces. Of course, still other variations of the specific
construction and arrangement of the shield disclosed above can be
made by those skilled in the art without departing from the
invention as defined in the appended claims.
* * * * *