U.S. patent number 3,674,910 [Application Number 05/047,010] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-04 for chromatic harmonica.
Invention is credited to James G. McKenzie.
United States Patent |
3,674,910 |
McKenzie |
July 4, 1972 |
CHROMATIC HARMONICA
Abstract
A chromatic harmonica employing a pair of independently movable,
manually actuated valve slides with predetermined patterns of lands
and apertures formed therein. Such slides are disposed behind the
mouthpiece and before the comb and reed plates in the path of flow
for the breath expelled by the person playing this instrument. The
comb and reed plate is designed so that each cell in the comb is
subdivided into a plurality of wind cells with a separate reed for
each wind cell, and four wind cells are exposed to each opening in
the mouthpiece of the harmonica. By proper manipulation of the pair
of valve slides three of the four wind cells operatively associated
with each opening are blocked by appropriate lands in the slides;
thus, only the single reed within the selected wind cell is placed
in communication with the mouthpiece to receive the breath expelled
thereinto. Consequently, with this unique configuration of coacting
elements, the instant harmonica may be played in a unidirectional,
"all-blow," or "all-draw" fashion approximating the operation of a
woodwind instrument. Furthermore, such harmonica is capable of
producing all of the notes of the chromatic scale with a more
nearly consistent smoothness of transition from one note to the
next, and more trills are available.
Inventors: |
McKenzie; James G. (Orange,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
21946566 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/047,010 |
Filed: |
June 17, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
84/377;
984/137 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10D
7/14 (20200201) |
Current International
Class: |
G10D
7/12 (20060101); G10D 7/00 (20060101); G10d
007/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;84/375,377,378,379 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
|
|
|
|
802,306 |
|
1951 |
|
DT |
|
1,255,465 |
|
1967 |
|
DT |
|
Primary Examiner: Wilkinson; Richard B.
Assistant Examiner: Gonzales; John F.
Claims
I claim:
1. A harmonica comprising:
a. a casing,
b. a comb having a plurality of individual cells formed
therein,
c. a plurality of tuned, vibratable reeds disposed within said
casing, each reed being situated in operative relationship to one
of said cells in said comb,
d. a mouthpiece having a series of openings formed therein, each
opening being in alignment with a plurality of cells for
communication therebetween,
e. first manually operable valve means disposed between said
mouthpiece and said comb, said first valve means including a first
perforated valve slide having a first pattern of lands and
apertures therein to prevent communication between a first set of
said plurality of cells and the aligned openings in said
mouthpiece,
f. said first valve means further including a pair of perforated
guides, said guides being disposed on opposite sides of said
perforated slide to form a sheath therefor,
g. the pattern of said first perforated valve slide comprising a
pair of vertically spaced aligned apertures and a land extending
vertically for the entire height of said slide, each individual
aperture of said pair of aligned apertures in said first slide
being substantially equal in width and height to the dimensions of
said perforations in one perforated guide of the pair of guides and
substantially half the width of the perforations in the other
perforated guide,
h. said first valve means being mounted within its sheath for
independent movement relative to said mouthpiece,
i. second manually operable valve means disposed between said first
valve means and said comb, said second valve means including a
second perforated valve slide having a second, distinctively
different pattern of lands and apertures formed therein to prevent
communication between a second set of said plurality of cells and
the aligned openings in said mouthpiece,
j. said second valve means further including a pair of perforated
guides, said guides being disposed on opposite sides of said
perforated slide to form a sheath therefor,
k. said second valve means being mounted within its sheath for
independent movement relative to said mouthpiece and to said first
valve means so that the first and second pattern of lands and
apertures on said valve slides cooperate with each other whereby
the harmonica can be played in a unidirectional mode.
2. The harmonica as defined in claim 1 wherein said comb is divided
by a horizontal partition and a plurality of vertical walls into an
upper and a lower series of wind cells, each opening in said
mouthpiece being aligned with four wind cells.
3. The harmonica as defined in claim 1 wherein the pattern of said
second perforated valve slide comprises an upper series of
apertures and a lower series of apertures, said upper series being
laterally offset from said lower series of apertures, and each of
said apertures being substantially the same height and width as the
perforations in said first and second perforated guides.
4. The harmonica as defined in claim 1 wherein said first and
second valve means are normally biased into a home position by
cantilever spring means, said spring means being disposed within
opposite ends of said comb so that the free end of each of said
spring means protrude beyond said comb.
5. The harmonica as defined in claim 1 wherein each pair of
perforated guides is joined by interlocking means.
6. A harmonica comprising:
a. a casing,
b. a comb having a plurality of individual cells formed
therein,
c. a plurality of tuned, vibratable reeds disposed within said
casing, each reed being situated in operative relationship to one
of said cells in said comb,
d. a mouthpiece having a series of openings formed therein, each
opening being in alignment with a plurality of cells for
communication therebetween,
e. first manually operable valve means disposed between said
mouthpiece and said comb, said first valve means including a first
perforated valve slide having a first pattern of lands and
apertures therein to prevent communication between a first set of
said plurality of cells and the aligned openings in said
mouthpiece,
f. said first valve means further including a pair of perforated
guides, said guides being disposed on opposite sides of said
perforated slide to form a sheath therefor,
g. the pattern of said first perforated valve slide comprising an
upper series of apertures and a lower series of apertures, said
upper series being laterally offset from said of series f
apertures, each of said apertures being substantially equal in
height to the perforations in said pair of perforated guides and
substantially half the width of the perforations in one of said
pair of perforated guides,
h. said first valve means being mounted within its sheath for
independent movement relative to said mouthpiece,
i. second manually operable valve means disposed between said first
valve means and said comb, said second valve means including a
second perforated valve slide having a second, distinctively
different pattern of lands and apertures formed therein to prevent
communication between a second set of said plurality of cells and
the aligned openings in said mouthpiece,
j. said second valve means further including a pair of perforated
guides, said guides being disposed on opposite sides of said
perforated slide to form a sheath therefor,
k. said second valve means being mounted within its sheath for
independent movement relative to said mouthpiece and to said first
valve means so that the first and second pattern of lands and
apertures on said valve slides cooperate with each other whereby
the harmonica can be played in a unidirectional mode.
7. The harmonica as defined in claim 6 wherein the pattern of said
second perforated valve slide comprises a pair of vertically spaced
aligned apertures and a land extending vertically for the height of
said valve slide.
8. The harmonica as defined in claim 6 wherein said comb is divided
by a horizontal partition and a plurality of vertical walls into an
upper and lower series of wind cells, each opening in said
mouthpiece being aligned with four wind cells.
9. The harmonica as defined in claim 6 wherein said first and
second perforated slides are normally biased into a home position
by cantilever spring means, said spring means being disposed within
opposite ends of said comb so that the free end of each of said
spring means protrudes beyond said comb.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The instant invention relates generally to harmonicas, mouth organs
and similar wind instruments utilizing multiple tuned vibrating
reeds for producing musical notes, and more particularly, to
improvements in the structural configuration and operational
characteristics of such instruments by the provision therein of a
pair of independently movable valve slides that control the
unidirectional flow of air through the instrument.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Harmonicas, mouth organs and similar multiple reed wind instruments
of conventional design are played by controlling the pattern of
inhalation and exhalation of one's breath through a series of
openings in the mouthpiece of the instrument. These openings, in
turn, communicate with a comb divided into a cellular configuration
by a unitary lateral partition and a plurality of closely spaced
longitudinal walls. A plurality of tuned, vibratable reeds are
positioned in operative relationship for producing musical tones as
the breath, or air, passes through the casing and exits or enters
at the rear thereof.
A note produced in response to the inhalation of breath is
designated as a draw note, and a note produced in response to the
exhalation of breath is designated as a blow note. Accordingly,
most known harmonicas are played in a blow and draw fashion. The
more versatile chromatic harmonica is distinguished from its
diatonic counterpart by the provision of a manually operable
perforated valve slide that selectively covers, or uncovers, the
particular reeds tuned to the scale of C.music-sharp., thus
providing all notes of the 12 tone chromatic scale. The
manipulation of the perforated valve slide must be coordinated with
the pattern of blow and draw operations for satisfactory
results.
Representative chromatic harmonicas employing such perforated valve
slides are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,179,993, granted to Davies,
and U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,339,790 and 2,384,758, both granted to Magnus.
However, these patented structures, as well as the other harmonica
configurations which rely upon the blow and draw technique and are
currently available through commercial channels, are inherently
subject to numerous structural and operational shortcomings by
virtue of this reliance upon the blow and draw technique.
For example, it is difficult to perform a smooth transition from a
blow note to a draw note, and vice versa, because of the reversal
of the player's breath flow from exhalation to inhalation. The
transition from one blow note to another blow note, or from one
draw note to another draw note, is easier to perform in a smooth
manner for the player's breath flow is unidirectional.
Consequently, with conventional harmonicas, some transitions are
smoother than others and inconsistencies in producing the same note
adversely affect the quality of a performance.
Flap valves have frequently been employed on chromatic harmonicas
as a wind or breath saving device. However, these valves eventually
wear out and must be replaced, thus causing inconvenience and
expense. Furthermore, such valves occasionally vibrate in sympathy
with the reeds within the casing, thus creating undesirable buzzing
sounds. Lastly, the rapid reversal, or bidirectional flow through
the instrument, of one's breathing pattern necessitated by a
sequence of blow and draw notes has adversely affected the clarity,
flexibility and uniformity of tonal quality of known
harmonicas.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,459,184, granted to Ruffino, sets forth one
proposed harmonica configuration for eliminating the need for
valves. Such harmonica employs a comb divided by a unitary lateral
partition and a series of vertically extending walls into a
cellular configuration, with a first set of cells located below the
partition and a corresponding second set of cells located above the
partition. A pair of blow reeds are disposed within each cell of
the upper set of cells, and a pair of draw reeds are disposed
within each cell of the lower set of cells. Each opening in the
mouthpiece is large enough to communicate with a pair of cells of
the upper set and a corresponding pair of cells of the lower set.
Thus, the harmonica is so arranged that four air passages with four
individual reeds share a common mouth opening.
In order to isolate, or render ineffective, three of the four reeds
operatively associated with each opening in the mouthpiece, a pair
of control valves are employed in the Ruffino harmonica. The first
control valve assumes the form of a perforated valve slide, such
slide being laterally shiftable to cover either of the vertical
pair of cells communicating with each opening in the mouthpiece.
The second control valve assumes the form of a pivotable valve
shaft with a series of plastic flap valves secured thereon. The
flap valves, which are disposed between the mouthpiece and the
cellular comb, oscillate between a pair of seats to close off
either the lower cell or the upper cell within the pair of
vertically aligned cells selected by the manipulation of the
perforated valve slide. Consequently, air or breath is blown
through such harmonica when the oscillating valve is in one
position, and air or breath is drawn through such harmonica in the
reverse direction when the oscillating valve is in its other
position.
Although the use of the oscillatable flap valve in conjunction with
the well known perforated control lever in a blow and draw
chromatic harmonica may well have minimized a few of the numerous
shortcomings of these instruments detailed above, many of the basic
inherent defects remain uncorrected at the present time. These
defects have reduced the feasibility of a simplified low-cost and
efficient chromatic harmonica that is easy to manufacture and yet
can produce sounds of excellent tonal quality.
SUMMARY
Thus, with the deficiencies of the prior art harmonicas enumerated
above in mind, the preferred embodiment of the instant invention
contemplates an efficient chromatic harmonica comprising components
of relatively simple design that enables an all-blow or all-draw
mode of operation. This primary objective of unidirectional flow
through the casing at all times is achieved in the instant
invention by providing a unique second perforated slide having a
pattern of lands and apertures that cooperate with the pattern of
lands and apertures found in the conventional first perforated
slide which controls the semi-tones of the chromatic scale. The two
slides, which are independently movable, are operatively disposed
between the openings in the mouthpiece and the plurality of tuned
reeds within the casing located in registry with the comb. Such
comb is divided by a lateral partition and a series of closely
spaced vertical walls into an upper set of wind cells and a lower
set of wind cells. A blow reed is disposed in each wind cell, and
each opening in the mouthpiece communicates with a pair of upper
wind cells and a pair of lower wind cells. By proper manipulation
of the pair of independently movable perforated slides, three of
the four wind cells associated with each opening are completely
covered by the lands in the slides and only the selected fourth
wind cell and the blow reed disposed in operative relation thereto
can be actuated by expelling one's breath. To insure proper
alignment and movement of the perforated slides, each slide is
spring loaded to a home position and moves laterally between a pair
of interlocking guides.
In an alternative embodiment, the orientation of the reed plates is
reversed, and one's breath is inhaled, rather than expelled, thus
producing an all-draw harmonica.
In both the preferred and alternative embodiments of the instant
harmonica, the construction of the reed plate assemblies is
simplified for the reeds are mounted on only one surface of each
reed plate, e.g., the bottom surface of the top plate and the top
surface of the bottom plate in the all-blow embodiment.
Furthermore, more trills are available with the instant harmonica
than are possible with conventional, slide-type chromatic
harmonicas.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a chromatic harmonica constructed
in accordance with the principles of the instant invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the mouthpiece, the
perforated slides, the guides for said slides, and the comb
employed within the instant invention.
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the harmonica
depicting, inter alia, the relationship of a wind cell to a tuned
reed operatively associated therewith, such view being taken along
line 3--3 of FIG. 1 and in the direction indicated.
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the harmonica and the movable slides,
a central section of the body of the harmonica having been removed
therefrom.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of one note arrangement
that can be played by the manipulation of the two movable slides of
FIG. 2 into one of four operative positions.
FIG. 6 is a front elevational view of the right hand corner of the
harmonica showing both of the slides in their unactuated, home
position.
FIG. 7 is a view identical to FIG. 6, but the slide closest to the
viewer has been shifted laterally into the actuated position.
FIG. 8 is a view identical to FIG. 6, but the slide furthest from
the viewer has been shifted laterally into its actuated
position.
FIG. 9 is a view identical to FIG. 6, but both slides have been
shifted laterally into the actuated position.
FIG. 10 is a legend for correlating the movement of the slides
depicted in FIGS. 6-9.
FIG. 11 is a front elevational view of the left hand corner of an
alternative embodiment of the harmonica, such view showing
diagrammatically the notes operatively associated with each opening
in the mouthpiece.
FIG. 12 is an exploded, partial perspective of a pair of perforated
slides employed with an alternative embodiment of the instant
invention.
FIG. 13 is a legend for correlating the movement of the slides
depicted in FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 is a front elevational view of the right hand corner of the
harmonica showing both of the slides of FIG. 12 in their
unactuated, home position.
FIG. 15 is a view identical to FIG. 14, but the slide closest to
the viewer has been shifted laterally into the actuated
position.
FIG. 16 is a view identical to FIG. 14, but the slide furthest from
the viewer has been shifted laterally into its actuated
position.
FIG. 17 is a view identical to FIG. 14, but both slides have been
shifted laterally into the actuated position.
FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic representation of one note arrangement
that can be played by the manipulation of the two movable slides of
FIG. 12 into one of four operative positions.
FIG. 19 is a front elevational view of the right hand corner of the
harmonica showing an alternative configuration of the slides of
FIG. 12 in their unactuated, home position.
FIG. 20 is a view identical to FIG. 19, but the slide closest to
the viewer has been shifted laterally into the actuated
position.
FIG. 21 is a view identical to FIG. 19 but the slide furthest from
the viewer has been shifted laterally into the actuated
position.
FIG. 22 is a view identical to FIG. 19 but both slides have been
shifted laterally into the actuated position; and
FIG. 23 is a diagrammatic representation of another note
arrangement that can be played by the manipulation of the two
movable slides of FIG. 12 into one of four operative positions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now in greater detail to the drawings in which similar
reference numerals refer to similar components, FIG. 1 depicts an
all-blow harmonica with a mouthpiece 10 having a series of 12
horizontally aligned rectangular openings of equal dimensions
formed therein, such openings being designated 12a - 12l. The
mouthpiece is secured to the substantially rectangular body of the
harmonica, indicated generally by reference numeral 14, by screws
16 located in threaded holes 18 located adjacent to opposite ends
of the mouthpiece. A short length of plastic tubing 17 may be
slipped over the screws.
A first slide 20, having a knob 22 at its right end, extends
laterally across the width of the harmonica body 14 and is disposed
close to mouthpiece 10. A second slide 24, having a knob 26 at its
upwardly extending right end also extends laterally across the
width of the harmonica body. Slide 24 is disposed behind slide 20
and in front of the harmonica body; phrased in another manner,
slide 24 is further away from mouthpiece 10 than slide 20.
A curved metallic u-per cover 28 with an upstruck rear lip 29
overlies the upper surface of body 14 and has flanges 30 and 32 at
its opposite ends for securement purposes. An upper reed plate 34
and a lower reed plate 36 (shown in FIG. 3), which are equal in
size and shape to the upper and lower surfaces of body 14, are
joined thereto. Bolts 38 and 40 pass through flanges 30 and 32 of
upper cover 28 and through reed plate 34 to thereby retain these
members in place upon body 14. The lower reed plate 36 and the
lower cover member, not visible in FIG. 1, are secured to the
underside of body 14 by the same bolts.
Turning now to FIG. 2, it is noted that the upper and lower covers
and the corresponding reed plates 34 and 36 have been omitted from
this view and that the remainder of the components of the instant
chromatic harmonica are shown in an exploded perspective for the
sake of clarity. The components are examined in sequence from front
to back, thus defining the path of the flow of air or breath
utilized in playing this instrument in an all-blow mode.
Mouthpiece 10 has a tapered upper surface and a tapered lower
surface, which facilitates positioning of the harmonica within the
mouth of the player. Openings 12a-12l have slanted surfaces which
taper inwardly to facilitate the passage of air or breath into the
interior of the harmonica.
A first guide 42 is located behind mouthpiece 10 and in front of
slide 20. Guide 42 has a slot 44 at its right hand end, and a
matching slot 46 at its left hand end. These slots have a narrow
entranceway and an enlarged circular inner terminal portion, which
enable screws 16 to pass therethrough and secure guide 42 in fixed
relation to body 14.
The lateral extent of guide 42 is divided into 24 rectangular
apertures 48, the lower series of apertures being identified as
48a-48l, respectively, and the upper series of apertures being
identified as 48m-48x, respectively. The size and orientation of
apertures 48 is such that apertures 48a and 48m in the slide are
always exposed to opening 12a in mouthpiece 10, and openings 48l
and 48x are always exposed to opening 121. Similar relationships
are established along the length of the mouthpiece.
Guide 42 has an upper lip 50, which extends rearwardly for a
distance greater than the thickness of slide 20. Tangs 52, 53 and
54 are formed on the lip for securement and alignment purposes, for
reasons that will become apparent at a later point in this
description.
The first perforated slide 20 is located behind guide 42, and such
slide has slots 56 and 57 at its opposite ends. These slots enable
screws 16 to pass therethrough and secure the slide to the body 14
of the harmonica. In contradistinction to the circular slots in the
fixed guide 42, however, the length of slots 56, 57 is sufficient
to permit lateral movement of the slide relative to guide 42 and
body 14.
Slide 20 also has a pattern of 13 vertically aligned apertures 58
with lands 60 spaced therebetween. The lower set of apertures is
identified as 58a-58m, and the upper set of 13 apertures is
identified as 58n-58z. Apertures 58 are selected to be of a size
equal to one-half of the width of aperture 48 in guide 42 and
substantially one-half of the width of openings 12 in mouthpiece
10. Stated in another manner, the combined width of each aperture
58 and its adjacent land 60 is substantially equal in size to each
opening 12 in mouthpiece 10. Accordingly, by exerting manual
pressure on knob 22 of slide 20 to shift same laterally, lands 60
selectively isolate either the right half or the left half of the
air passages formed between mouthpiece 10 and the reed plates
secured to body 14 of the harmonica.
Continuing rearwardly toward body 14, guide 62 has notches 64, 65
and 66 adjacent its opposite ends and at its midpoint to receive
therein tangs 52, 53 and 54 of previously described guide 42. A
second set of tangs are formed on the rearwardly extending lower
lip (not shown) of guide 42 and are received in notches 68, 69 and
70 in the lower surface of guide 62. By virtue of these
interlocking tangs, guides 42 and 62 are secured together to form a
sheath for perforated slide 20, frequently referred to as the
accidental slide. The resultant sheath maintains the accidental
slide 20 in proper alignment at all times.
Guide 62 gas a slot 72 at its right hand end and a matching slot 74
at its left hand end. Both slots have a narrow entranceway and an
enlarged inner circular terminal protion, which enables screws 16
to pass therethrough and secure guide 62 in fixed relation to body
14.
The lateral extent of guide 62 is divided into 48 rectangular
apertures, the lower series of 24 apertures being identified as
76a-76x, respectively, and the upper series of 24 apertures being
identified as 78a-78x, respectively. The size and orientation of
apertures 76 and 78 in the slide is such that apertures 76a, 76b
and 78a, 78b are aligned with opening 12a in mouthpiece 10.
Similarly, apertures 76w, 76x and 78w, 78x are aligned with opening
121 in mouthpiece 10. Since slide 20 can be moved laterally within
the sheath formed by guides 42 and 62, the pattern of lands 60 and
apertures 58 selectively interrupt the flow of breath through the
harmonica.
For example, if slide 20 is normally biased toward the right by
spring means disposed within body 14, then the vertical extent of
lands 60 will rest in front of apertures 76b and 78b that are in
the flow path for opening 12a in the harmonica; however, flow
through apertures 76a and 78a is uninterrupted. If slide 20 is
shifted laterally to the left by exerting manual pressure on knob
22 with the second finger of the right hand, then lands 60 will
move in front of openings 76a and 78a and block same; however, flow
through openings 76b and 78b is uninterrupted. The same pattern of
alternate blocking and unblocking of openings is repeated along the
length of guide 62.
Referring again to FIG. 2 and continuing rearwardly toward body 14,
a third guide 80 is located behind guide 62 of the first sheath and
in front of the second slide 24. Guide 80 has a slot 82 at its
right hand end, and a matching slot 84 at its left hand end. Both
slots have a narrow entranceway and an enlarged circular inner
terminal portion which enables screws 16 to pass therethrough and
secure guide 80 in fixed relation to body 14.
The lateral extent of guide 80 is divided into 48 rectangular
apertures, the lower series of apertures being identified as
86a-86x and the upper series of apertures being identified as
88a-88x, respectively. The size and orientation of apertures 86 and
88 is identical to the apertures 76 and 78 in guide 62; thus, the
movement of slide 20 with its pattern of apertures 58 and lands 60
alternately covers, and uncovers, each vertical pair of apertures
in guide 80.
Guide 80 has an upper lip 90 which extends rearwardly for a
distance greater than the thickness of slide 24. Tangs 92, 94 and
96 are formed along the lip for securement and alignment purposes,
in much the same manner as tangs 52, 53 and 53 functioned in the
previously described sheath for slide 20.
The second perforated slide 24 is located behind guide 80 and has
slots 98 and 100 at its opposite ends to enable screws 16 to pass
therethrough and secure the slide to body 14 of the harmonica. In
contradistinction to fixed guides 42, 62 and 80, however, the
length of the slots is sufficient to permit lateral movement of
slide 24 relative to the guides and body 14.
Slide 24 has a pattern of vertically spaced, laterally offset
apertures 102 with alternating lands 104 disposed therebetween. The
lower set of 12 apertures is identified as 102a-102l, and the upper
set of 13 apertures is identified as 102m-102y. Apertures 102 are
selected to be of a size equal to one-half of the width of
apertures 48 in guide 42. Stated in another manner, the combined
width of each aperture 102 and its adjacent land 104 is equal in
size to each aperture 48 in guide 42. Accordingly, by exerting
manual pressure on knob 26 of slide 24 with the third finger of the
right hand to shift same laterally, lands 104 selectively isolate
either the upper left and lower right quadrant or the lower left
and upper right quadrant of the air passages formed between
mouthpiece 10 and the reed plates operatively mounted upon body 14
of the harmonica. Manifestly, by proper manipulation of
independently movable perforated slides 20 and 24, each air passage
has three of its four quadrants blocked or isolated at all times,
and only the reed aligned with uninterrupted quadrant of each air
passage can be played by expelling or blowing air.
The fourth, and last, guide 106 has a set of three notches 107, 109
and 111 formed in its upper surface to receive therein tangs 92, 94
and 96 of the third guide 80. A similar set of tangs are formed on
the rearwardly extending lower lip (not shown) of guide 80 and are
received in a set of three notches 113, 115 and 117 in the lower
surface of guide 106. By virtue of these interlocking tangs, guides
80 and 106 are secured together to form a sheath for perforated
slide 24, which is designated as an auxiliary slide to distinguish
same from the semi-tone or accidental slide 20. This sheath
maintains slide 24 in proper alignment at all times.
Guide 106 has a slot 112 at its right hand end and a matching slot
114 at its left hand end. The slots are shaped to enable screws 16
to pass therethrough and secure guide 106 in fixed relation to body
14.
The lateral extent of guide 106 is divided into 48 rectangular
apertures, the lower series of 24 apertures being identified as
116a-116x and the upper series of 24 apertures being identified as
118a-118x, respectively. The size and orientation of apertures 116
and 118 are identical to apertures 86 and 88 in guide 80. Since
slide 24 can be moved laterally within the sheath formed by guides
80 and 106, the pattern of lands 104 serves to interrupt the flow
of breath through the harmonica.
Since slide 24 is normally biased toward the right by a cantilever
spring, best seen in FIG. 4, the vertical extent of lands 104 will
rest in front of apertures 86a and 88b that are in the flow path
for opening 12a in the harmonica; however, flow through apertures
86b and 88a is uninterrupted. If slide 24 is shifted laterally to
the left, then lands 104 will move in front of apertures 86b and
88a to block same; however, flow through apertures 86a and 88b is
uninterrupted. The same pattern of alternate blocking and
unblocking of apertures is repeated along the length of guide 80.
Manifestly, by the proper manipulation of independently movable
slides 20 and 24, three of the four quadrants of the potential flow
path associated with the openings 12 in the mouthpiece 10 are
blocked by the coacting lands on the slides; consequently, only one
quadrant of the potential flow path is uninterrupted and is thus
responsive to the blow operation at any time.
The front of the body 14 of the harmonica is located immediately
behind rearmost guide 106. Body 14 is divided into 48 individual
wind cells by a single horizontal partition and a plurality of
closely-spaced vertical walls, and the cross-sectional area of the
entrance portion of each wind cell is substantially equal to the
area of the apertures in slides 20 and 24. Each of the resultant
wind cells communicates with its own tuned vibratable reed secured
to plates 34 or 36. The lower series of wind cells is designated
120a-120x, and the upper series of wind cells is designated
122a-122x. The cross-sectional area of the entrance portion of each
wind cell is identical to the area of the apertures in guides 62,
80 and 106, and approximately one-fourth the area of each opening
12 in mouthpiece 10. The surfaces within body 14, which surfaces
define the length of the cell, are longest at the left side of the
body and gradually diminish toward the right side of the body.
However, since the flow path between each opening in the mouthpiece
and its four aligned wind cells is always blocked in three
quadrants by the overlapping lands 60 and 104 on independently
movable slides 20 and 24, respectively, only one wind cell at a
time and its reed can establish communication with the mouthpiece
to be operated therefrom.
A hole 119 is drilled adjacent each end of body 14 to receive
screws 16 and thus securely fasten the mouthpiece, sheaths, and
slides to the face of the harmonica. Disposed adjacent to holes 119
are cantilever springs 124 and 126, which extend through the slots
at the right and left hand of the above noted members. Spring 126,
which is slightly longer than spring 124, biases the accidental
slide 20 to the right, and spring 124 biases the auxiliary slide 24
to the right.
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the chromatic
harmonica construction showing, on an enlarged scale, the actual
spatial relationships followed when the harmonica is assembled.
Viewing the components from left to right, one sees the tapered
mouthpiece 10, guide 42, perforated slide 20, guide 62, guide 80,
second perforated slide 24, and guide 106. The sheath formed by
guides 42 and 62 for perforated slide 20 is apparent, as is the
sheath formed by guides 80 and 106 for perforated slide 24.
Tuned reeds 34a-34x are riveted at one end to reed plate 34 and are
disposed atop the upper wind cells 122a-122x, while tuned reeds
36a-36x are riveted to reed plate 36 and are disposed beneath the
lower wind cells 120a-122x. Each reed is operatively associated
with a wind cell. The harmonica assembly is completed by a lower
curved cover 128 with a rear lip 129.
The reference character 130 calls attention to a possible flow path
through opening 12f of the harmonica when a land 104 on slide 24
isolates the mouthpiece 10 from lower wind cell 120k. Consequently,
the breath of air expelled into opening 12f in the mouthpiece will
flow directly into wind cell 122k in body 14, and then escape past
reed 34k, enter the pocket defined between cover 28 and plate 34,
and thence pass into the atmosphere. The rush of air past the tuned
reed will cause it to vibrate at the selected frequency and produce
the desired musical tone.
FIG. 4 more clearly shows the interrelationship of cantilever
springs 124 and 126. These springs have one end wrapped about a
vertical post located within body 14 of the harmonica, and the free
ends thereof fit into slots at opposite sides of the four guides
and two perforated slides. Additionally, the extent of lateral
movement for slides 20 and 24 is indicated by appropriate two
headed arrows.
FIG. 5 is a four-step schematic or diagrammatic development of the
sequence in which the 12 notes on the chromatic scale can be played
in an all-blow mode by proper manipulation of perforated slides 20
and 24. The four step sequence is correlated with the four
positions of the two slides, as illustrated by FIGS. 6-9.
Mouthpiece opening 12k is chosen as a representative opening for
discussing the operation of the instant harmonica.
Let us assume that the three rightmost blocks in FIG. 5 correspond
to openings 12j, 12k and 12l in mouthpiece 10, and that four wind
cells are available for communication with each opening in the
mouthpiece. Also, with respect to FIGS. 6-9, the lands 60 that are
shifted by lateral movement of perforated slide 20 are indicated by
vertical striping; the lands 104 that are shifted by lateral
movement of perforated slide 24 are indicated by horizontal
striping. The legend of FIG. 10 further explains this
relationship.
Now, with respect to opening 12k if one wishes to play the note G
through opening 12k in the mouthpiece, he merely blows therethrough
without moving either slide 20 or slide 24. The pattern of lands 60
and 104 on the slides isolates three of the four wind cells and
directs the breath through the wind cell located in alignment with
the upper left hand quadrant of opening 12k. This position is
schematically shown by the first line of FIG. 5 and the
corresponding slide position seen in FIG. 6.
Now, if one wishes to produce the note G.music-sharp. through
opening 12k, he merely blows therethrough after moving accidental
slide 20 with lands 60 toward the left against its biasing spring.
Auxiliary slide 24 with lands 104 remains in its home position. The
lands 60 and 104 cooperate to isolate three of the four wind cells
and direct the breath through the wind cell located in alignment
with the lower right hand quadrant of opening 12k. This position is
shown schematically by the second line of FIG. 5 and the
corresponding slide position is seen in FIG. 7; note the
directional arrow adjacent slide 20.
Now, if one wishes to produce the note A through opening 12k, he
merely blows therethrough after moving auxiliary slide 24 with
lands 104 toward the left against its biasing spring. Accidental
slide 20 with lands 60 remains in its home position. The lands 60
and 104 cooperate to isolate three of the four wind cells and
direct the breath through the wind cell located in alignment with
the lower left hand quadrant of opening 12k. This position is shown
schematically by the third line of FIG. 5 and the corresponding
slide position is seen in FIG. 8; note the directional arrow
adjacent slide 24.
Lastly, if one wishes to produce the note A.music-sharp. through
opening 12k, he merely blows therethrough after moving both
accidental slide 20 and auxiliary slide 24 to the left against
their biasing springs. Once again, the lands 60 and 104 cooperate
to isolate three of the four wind cells and direct the breath
through the wind cell located in alignment with the upper right
hand quadrant of opening 12k. This position is shown schematically
by the fourth line of FIG. 5 and the corresponding slide position
is seen in FIG. 9; note the directional arrows adjacent slides 20
and 24.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the
instant chromatic harmonica and FIG. 12 illustrates the pattern of
apertures and lands that would be employed. Accidental slide 20 has
laterally offset and vertically spaced apertures 58' with
intervening lands 60'. Auxiliary slide 24' has vertically aligned
apertures 102' and land 104'. Once again by proper manipulation of
the pair of independently movable slides three of the four wind
cells operatively associated with each opening in the mouthpiece of
the harmonica are isolated and a single tuned reed is actuated.
The preferred embodiment of FIGS. 1-10 is played in all-blow mode.
Either embodiment could be played in an all-draw mode if the tuned
reeds were all placed on opposite sides of the top and bottom
plates, an easily effectuated reversal of parts.
The transition from the preferred embodiment to the alternative
embodiment, regardless of whether the harmonica is played in an
all-draw or all-blow fashion, is achieved by rearranging some of
the reeds and interchanging the location of the slides with one
another. The function of these two slides is similarly
interchanged. The resultant accidental slide (the auxiliary slide
in the preferred embodiment) is identified by the reference numeral
20' in FIG. 12 and the resultant auxiliary slide (the accidental
slide in the preferred embodiment) is identified by the reference
numeral 24'. As noted previously, the preferred embodiment and the
alternative embodiment can be played in the same mode, be it
all-draw or all-blow.
FIG. 13 is a legend for correlating the movement of slides 20' and
24' of FIG. 12 in the same manner as FIG. 10 clarifies the movement
of slides 20 and 24 for the preferred embodiment seen in FIGS. 6-9.
FIGS. 14-17 illustrate that by proper manipulation of independent
slides 20' and 24', three of the four wind cells operatively
associated with each opening in the mouthpiece of the harmonica are
isolated and a single tuned reed is actuated. The slide, or slides,
being actuated is indicated by appropriate directional arrows. FIG.
18 shows one note arrangement that can be achieved by the
manipulation of slides 20' and 24'.
FIGS. 19-23, which correspond to FIGS. 14-18, show the manner in
which another note arrangement can be achieved by the manipulation
of slides 20' and 24'.
Since still additional alternative embodiments employing the same
basic unidirectional flow principles may be made without departing
from the scope of the instant invention, it is to be understood
that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying
drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative in nature and not in
a limiting sense.
* * * * *