U.S. patent number 3,674,148 [Application Number 05/028,602] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-04 for head conversion unit.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Koehler-Dayton, Inc.. Invention is credited to Merlin S. Miller, Ronald D. Russo.
United States Patent |
3,674,148 |
Miller , et al. |
July 4, 1972 |
HEAD CONVERSION UNIT
Abstract
A tank for converting an overboard discharge type boat head to a
recirculating sewage system includes a filter dividing the tank
into receiving and recirculating chambers, a sump in the receiving
chamber for facilitating tank discharge, a snap-on cover engaging
the upper edges of the tank side walls, a rinsing nozzle for
periodically cleaning the filter, and depressions formed in the
tank side walls to accommodate tie-down bolts which extend from the
cover to anchorages on the boat structure. The tank side walls are
constructed from a translucent or transparent material so that the
liquid level therein may be observed and a shoulder is formed in
the side walls to indicate the correct level of priming materials
in the tank.
Inventors: |
Miller; Merlin S. (Bradford,
OH), Russo; Ronald D. (Wethersfield, CT) |
Assignee: |
Koehler-Dayton, Inc. (Dayton,
OH)
|
Family
ID: |
21844360 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/028,602 |
Filed: |
April 15, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
210/409;
210/498 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01D
35/02 (20130101); B01D 29/01 (20130101); B01D
29/66 (20130101); B01D 2201/088 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01D
29/01 (20060101); B01D 29/00 (20060101); B01D
35/02 (20060101); B01D 35/00 (20060101); C02F
9/00 (20060101); B01d 035/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;210/94,152,295,409,411,169,482,498,532S |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Adee; John
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus of the type described comprising:
a. a tank including upwardly extending side walls and a bottom wall
extending between and interconnecting said side walls,
b. a portion of said bottom wall being downwardly depressed and
defining a sump therein,
c. means projecting downwardly from the exterior surface of said
bottom wall and having lower surfaces coplanar with the lower
surface of said downwardly depressed portion,
d. portions of said side walls being inwardly depressed and
defining vertically extending bolt receiving slots,
e. said side walls terminating at their upper ends in a continuous
outwardly projecting bead,
f. a top wall having a pair of continuous flanges extending
downwardly therefrom about the periphery thereof and defining a
cavity receiving said upper ends of said side walls,
g. a series of spaced ledges mounted on the outer one of said
flanges and projecting inwardly of said cavity in engagement with
said bead,
h. portions of said top wall positioned outwardly of said outer one
of said flanges in alignment with said bolt receiving slots having
means defining openings therein,
i. pairs of spaced apart inwardly projecting ribs mounted on said
bottom wall, said top wall and an opposing pair of said side walls
and defining a series of coplanar slots,
j. a filter plate received in said slots and extending between said
bottom wall and top wall and said opposing pair of side walls and
dividing said tank into a receiving chamber and a recirculation
chamber,
k. means defining a plurality of openings through said filter plate
with said openings tapering outwardly toward said recirculation
chamber,
l. means defining an opening through said top wall into said
recirculation chamber,
m. means defining a pair of openings through said top wall into
said receiving chamber with one of said openings positioned above
said sump, and
n. means mounted in said top wall for directing jets of rinsing
liquid against said filter plate on the receiving chamber side
thereof.
2. In a boat having an overboard discharge type of head, including
a clean water line in communication with a source of relatively
clean water, a pump for directing flushing water to the head, and a
discharge line from the head for removing the contents thereof, the
improvement comprising:
a conversion unit for converting an overboard discharge type boat
head to a recirculating sewage system, including;
means defining a substantially closed tank;
filter means dividing said tank into a receiving chamber having at
least one inlet and a recirculation chamber having at least one
outlet;
means defining a sump in said tank for facilitating the evacuation
of sewage from said tank;
means for connecting the discharge line from said head to the inlet
of said receiving chamber;
means for connecting the intake side of said pump to the outlet of
said recirculation chamber to provide filtered, recirculated
flushing water to said head upon energization of said pump; and
means for connecting the clean water line to the intake side of
said pump to provide additional flushing water to said head.
3. A boat head conversion unit as recited in claim 2, which further
comprises:
valve means positioned in said connecting means for said intake
side for alternately placing said intake side of said pump in
communication with said recirculation chamber or said clean water
line.
4. A conversion unit as recited in claim 2 which further
comprises:
a spray nozzle mounted in a wall of said tank and projecting
inwardly into said receiving chamber; and
means for connecting the outlet of said pump with said spray nozzle
to supply water to the spray nozzle so that the filter can be
rinsed.
5. In a boat having an overboard discharge type of head, including
a pump for directing flushing water to the head, a discharge line
from the head for removing the contents thereof, the improvement
comprising:
a conversion unit for converting an overboard discharge type boat
head to a recirculating sewage system, including;
means defining a substantially closed tank;
an upstanding wall having openings therein for filtering said
sewage and for dividing said tank into a receiving chamber and a
recirculation chamber, said receiving chamber having at least one
inlet, and said recirculation chamber having at least one
outlet;
means for directing a fluent spray against said wall to rinse solid
sewage therefrom;
means for connecting the discharge line from said head to the inlet
side of said receiving chamber; and
means for connecting the intake side of said pump to the outlet of
said recirculation chamber to provide filtered, recirculated
flushing water to said head upon energization of said pump.
6. A boat head conversion unit as recited in claim 5, which further
comprises:
a clean water line extending from a source of relatively clean
water and connected to said intake side of said pump; and
valve means positioned in said connecting means for said intake
side for alternately placing said intake side of said pump in
communication with said recirculation chamber or said clean water
line.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Head facilities on many boats, particularly smaller craft, consist
of a bowl, a flush water line extending from the bowl to a point
exteriorly of the boat and below the water line, an electrically or
manually operated pump for pumping fresh water through the flush
water line into the bowl, and a discharge line leading overboard
from the bowl for discharging the contents thereof.
Obviously systems of this type are undesirable since they permit
raw, untreated sewage to be dumped into waterways. While at one
time discharges of this type could be considered a negligible
factor in water pollution, with the increase in population and the
increased use of waterways for recreational boating, this has
become a matter of increasing concern. This is evidenced by the
fact that many jurisdictions now have ordinances prohibiting the
discharge of untreated wastes into waterways and Federal
legislation is proposed on the same subject.
While the pollution hazard which results from the use of overboard
discharge marine heads is well recognized, the cost of converting
such equipment to more elaborate sewage treatment systems is often
prohibitive for the small boat owner. Thus such boat owners are
presently faced with the dilemma of being unable to use their
present overboard discharge type head but at the same time also
unable to afford the cost of converting this type of equipment to
an acceptable sewage treatment system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a tank which may be incorporated
with a minimum of plumbing work into a conventional overboard
discharge type system to convert the system to a holding and
recirculating treatment unit.
The tank is constructed with integrally formed side walls and
bottom wall and a snap-on lid which engages the upper edges of the
side walls to provide a sealing engagement therewith. A filter
extends across the interior of the tank and divides it into a
receiving chamber and a recirculating chamber. The top wall of the
tank has all of the fitting attachments integrally formed therein
including an opening into the recirculating chamber, a sewage
receiving opening and a discharge opening into the receiving
chamber, vent lines, and a spray nozzle fitting for rinsing the
receiving chamber side of the filter.
The tank thus constructed may be incorporated in the existing
overboard discharge system in a variety of ways. For example, the
existing bowl discharge line may be connected to the sewage
receiving opening of the tank and a line from the recirculation
opening of the tank connected to the bowl flush line through the
existing pump. With this arrangement sewage from the bowl passes
through the discharge line to the receiving chamber of the tank
where the major portion of the solids are retained and the liquid
and finely divided solids allowed to flow through the filter to the
recirculating chamber of the tank. Thus, liquid from this latter
chamber may then be pumped to the bowl for flushing purposes.
Alternatively, instead of the line from the recirculation chamber
of the tank being connected directly to the pump it may be joined
by means of a three-way valve to the existing clean water line of
the overboard discharge system, which was formerly used for
flushing purposes. This arrangement permits clean water to be drawn
from overboard through the existing clean water line and through
the pump to the bowl and from the bowl through the discharge line
to the tank for rinsing or priming purposes. Of course, in normal
usage the three-way valve on the intake side of the pump will be
repositioned so that the system operates, in effect, in the same
manner as that described in the paragraph above.
A third possible arrangement would be to install a second three-way
valve on the discharge side of the pump with a line extending from
the second three-way valve to the spray nozzle. This configuration
permits water to be drawn into the system from overboard through
the existing clean water line, the first three-way valve on the
intake side of the pump, the pump, the second three-way valve, and
through a line to the spray nozzle. Of course, in those
installations in which a second three-way valve is not provided on
the discharge side of the pump the spray nozzle may be actuated by
merely connecting any convenient source of spray water to the spray
nozzle fitting.
With the converted sewage system the tank is first primed with
water and color and odor control additives or bactericide. This may
be accomplished by either adding the priming materials directly to
the tank through an opening therein or by merely adding the control
additives to the bowl and flushing the bowl with liquid from the
clean water line. Preferably, the tank side walls are made of a
transparent or translucent material so that the liquid level in the
tank may be observed without opening the tank and a shoulder is
provided in the side walls to indicate the correct prime level.
In use, discharge from the bowl is received in the receiving
chamber of the tank and the liquid portion thereof is allowed to
pass through the filter into the recirculating tank, with the major
portion of the solids retained in the receiving tank and the liquid
passing into the recirculating tank for subsequent use as flushing
liquid; the existing manual or electrically operated pump for the
head being utilized for this purpose.
Additionally, a separate pump may be mounted on the tank for
discharging the contents of the receiving chamber to a dockside
waste receptacle or to a bilge holding tank.
Thus, the present invention converts existing overboard discharge
heads into an acceptable, nonpolluting sewage treatment system with
a minimum of expenditure and alteration of the existing system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the conversion tank of
the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the tank with the top wall
removed;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the lower surface of the top
wall;
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view taken on line 4--4 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view through a portion of the tank
sides and top wall;
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view taken on line 6--6 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of the spray nozzle;
FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view through the top, side and bottom
walls of the tank; and
FIG. 9 is a somewhat schematic representation showing one method of
installing the tank of the present invention in an existing
overboard discharge system.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As seen in FIG. 1, the conversion tank 10 is constructed with
integrally formed side and bottom walls 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. As
best seen in FIG. 5, the upper edges of the side walls are provided
with a bead 16 projecting outwardly thereof while the top wall 20
is provided with a pair of continuous flanges 21 and 22 projecting
downwardly therefrom about its periphery and defining a cavity 23
for receiving the upper ends of the side walls in sealing
engagement therewith. At spaced intervals along the outer flanges
22 a series of ledges 24 are positioned, projecting inwardly into
the cavity 23 to form a snap-on fitting with the outwardly
projecting bead 16.
As best seen in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 8, a filter plate 30 is
positioned in the tank 10 dividing it into a receiving chamber 31
and a recirculation chamber 32, the chambers 31 and 32
communicating with each other by means of openings 33 formed in the
filter plate 30 and tapering outwardly, as best seen in FIG. 4,
from the receiving chamber 31 towards the recirculation chamber 32.
Integrally formed with the bottom wall 15, side walls 12 and 14,
and top wall 20 are inwardly projecting pairs of ribs 34, 35, 36
and 37, respectively, which engage peripheral portions of the
filter plate 30 and retain it in position in the tank 10.
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 3, it will be seen that the top wall
20 is provided with a series of openings therethrough terminating
in inwardly projecting bosses on the underside of the top wall with
the bosses interconnected by ribs to provide reinforcement for the
structure. Thus, an opening 40 having the inwardly projecting boss
41 provides access to the interior of the recirculation chamber 32
while on the opposite side of the filter plate 30 openings 42, 43,
44 and 45 are formed in the top wall 20 and have inwardly
projecting bosses 46, 47, 48 and 49, respectively.
An additional opening 50 is also formed through the top wall 20 on
the receiving side of the tank leading to a spray nozzle 51, which,
as best seen in FIGS. 3 and 7, is provided with a central nozzle
opening 52 and additional openings 53 disposed on either side of
the opening 52. The position and angular disposition of the
openings 52 and 53 are selected such that a jet of rinsing liquid
pumped to the nozzle 51 will be ejected therefrom in fan-shaped
sprays designed to cover substantially the entire receiving chamber
side of the filter plate 30.
The openings 40, 43, 44, 45 and 50 are threaded to receive the
externally threaded ends of the elbows 60, 61, 62, 63 and 64,
respectively. Opening 42, on the other hand, is provided with an
inclined, inwardly projecting rim 65 having a series of notches 66
formed therein to receive lugs, not shown, projecting outwardly
from the lower surface of the cap member 67 to provide a
conventional bayonet type connection.
The external surfaces of bosses 41 and 48 are tapered inwardly
towards the bottom wall 15 of the tank 10 and match complementarily
tapered interior surfaces of the conduits 70 and 71, respectively.
Conduit 70 thus extends inwardly from the boss 41 and is selected
to be of a length such that its lower end is spaced a short
distance above the bottom wall 15 on the tank 10. As best seen in
FIGS. 2 and 6, one corner of the receiving chamber portion of the
tank 10 is depressed downwardly to define a sump 72 and conduit 71
is formed of a length such that it extends from the boss 48
downwardly into the tank 10 with its lower end positioned a short
distance above the bottom wall 73 of the sump 72. It will also be
noted from FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 8 that a peripheral rib 75 and a
plurality of longitudinally extending ribs 76 project downwardly
from the bottom surface of the tank 10 with the lower surfaces of
the ribs 75 and 76 and the exterior surface 77 of the sump being
coplanar to impart stability, as well as reinforcement, to the tank
structure.
It will also be noted from FIGS. 1 and 2, that the side walls of
the tank 10 are each provided with inwardly depressed portions
forming vertically extending bolt receiving slots 80 and that
openings 81 are formed in the cover 20 in the portions of the top
wall which extend outwardly over the slots. J-bolts 82 having
threaded upper ends 83 are received in each of the openings 81 and
are secured therein by means of the nuts 84 threaded onto the
J-bolts with a washer 85 interposed between the upper surface of
the top wall 20 and the nut 84. Eyebolts or the like, not shown,
are mounted on the boat structure at positions corresponding to the
slots 80 to form anchorages for seating the hooked lower ends 86 of
the J-bolts 82 to securely fasten the tank 10 to the boat structure
as well as provide an additional securement of the top wall 20 to
the upper edges of the side walls of the tank.
In a conventional overboard discharge type head a line will usually
be provided extending from outside the boat below the water line
thereof to the bowl to provide flushing water for the bowl and a
discharge line will extend from the bowl to a point outside the
boat for discharging the contents of the bowl each time it is
flushed by means of either a manually or electrically operated
pump. The conversion tank of the present invention may be installed
in a system of this type in a number of ways.
Thus, as seen in FIG. 9, a line 90 may be provided extending from
the elbow 60, which is in communication with the recirculation
chamber 32, and connected to the existing clean water line 91 by
means of a three-way valve 92. The existing clean water line is in
turn connected to the intake side of the pump 93 of the overboard
discharge system with the discharge side of the pump 93 in
communication with the bowl 94 by means of a flushing line 95. A
discharge line 96 then extends from the bowl to the receiving
chamber 31 of the tank 10 and a second three-way valve 97 may be
positioned in line 95 and connected to the spray nozzle 51 by means
of a line 98.
With this arrangement relatively clean water may be drawn into the
system through the line 91, the inlet end of which will be
positioned beneath the water line of the vessel, and the clean
water routed through the first three-way valve 92, the pump 93,
line 95, bowl 94 and discharge line 96 to place a priming charge of
liquid in the tank 10. After this initial priming operation, which
will also preferably include the addition of color and odor control
additives or a bactericide, valve 92 will be repositioned to
effectively remove line 91 from the system and place line 90 in
communication with the pump 93.
Thereafter when the system is used, sewage will pass from the bowl
94 through the line 96 to the receiving chamber 31 of the tank 10.
The filter plate 30 will permit the liquid portion of the sewage as
well as finely divided solids to pass from the receiving chamber to
the recirculation chamber 32 while the majority of the solids are
retained in chamber 31. Liquid which collects in the recirculation
chamber 32 may then be withdrawn therefrom through the line 90 each
time the system is used to flush the bowl 94.
It will be noted that the tapered configuration of the openings 43
in the filter plate decreases the incidence of clogging since any
material which enters the openings 33 from their smaller end on the
receiving chamber side of the filter must readily pass through the
openings into the recirculation chamber. To further insure that the
filter plate remains unclogged during use, cleansing liquid may be
sprayed through the openings 52 and 53 of the nozzle 51 against the
receiving chamber side of the filter plate by repositioning valves
92 and 97 so that clean water drawn into the system through the
existing clean water line 91 will pass through the line 91, the
first three-way valve 92, pump 93, line 95, second three-way valve
97, line 98 and spray 51.
As noted previously there are other plumbing configurations which
can be used to convert an existing overboard discharge system by
means of the present invention. For example, valve 97 may be
dispensed with and spray nozzle 51 actuated by connecting the spray
nozzle to any convenient source of cleansing liquid under
pressure.
Additionally, the first three-way valve 92 may also be dispensed
with and the line 90 connected directly to the intake side of the
pump 93. With this arrangement the tank is initially primed by
adding a priming charge of water and additives for color and odor
control or a bactericide to a tank by either placing them in the
bowl where they may be conveyed through the line 96 to tank 10, or
by placing the priming materials directly into the tank by removing
the cap 67 over the opening 66. In this regard it will be noted
that the tank side walls are preferably constructed of a
translucent material and a shoulder is formed in the side walls as
shown at 99 in FIGS. 1 and 8, to indicate the correct depth of
priming material in the tank 10.
After repeated uses of the head the contents of the receiving
chamber 36 may be emptied into suitable dockside facilities or into
a larger, bilge holding tank located on the boat. In this regard,
it will be seen that by providing the sump 72 in the receiving
chamber and extending the conduit 71 downwardly from the discharge
opening 44 to a point spaced just above the bottom floor 73 of the
sump, substantially the entire contents of the tank may be
evacuated through the conduit 71 discharge opening 44, elbow 62 and
associated tubing.
From the above it will be seen that the present invention provides
an inexpensive means of converting an existing overboard discharge
head to a more acceptable, nonpolluting, holding and recirculating
type system which for the most part incorporates existing
components of the overboard discharge head.
While the form of apparatus herein described constitutes a
preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that
the invention is not limited to this precise form of apparatus, and
that changes may be made therein without departing from the scope
of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.
* * * * *