U.S. patent number 3,674,019 [Application Number 05/083,269] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-04 for dual layer cellular inflatable pad.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Grant Airmass Corporation. Invention is credited to Benton H. Grant.
United States Patent |
3,674,019 |
Grant |
July 4, 1972 |
DUAL LAYER CELLULAR INFLATABLE PAD
Abstract
A dual layer cellular inflatable pad having the cells of each
interfitting with the cells of the adjacent layer. The cells of one
layer may be alternately inflated and deflated. The layers have a
manifold across and adjacent the longitudinal cell ends with a
small continuation of the cells on the end sealed side of the
manifold to prevent arching or curling of the pad.
Inventors: |
Grant; Benton H. (Stamford,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Grant Airmass Corporation
(Stamford, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
22177247 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/083,269 |
Filed: |
October 23, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
601/148; 601/149;
5/713 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61H
9/0078 (20130101); B60N 2/914 (20180201); B60N
2/976 (20180201); A61G 7/05776 (20130101); A61H
2201/0134 (20130101); A61H 2201/0146 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61H
23/04 (20060101); A61G 7/057 (20060101); A61h
001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/24,24.1,33,64 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Trapp; L. W.
Claims
Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is:
1. An inflatable pad comprising:
A. a first inflatable cellular layer having
1. a first fluid manifold means connecting a first plurality of
cells for inflation and,
2. a second fluid manifold means connecting a second plurality of
cells for inflation,
B. a second cellular cushioning layer alternately interfitted with
the cells of said first inflatable cellular layer in tangential
relationship thereto,
1. the central plane of said second layer being spaced from the
central plane of said first layer, and
C. inflation inlet means connected to said first and second fluid
manifold means of said first layer, said second cushioning layer
acting to support said first inflatable cellular layer.
2. The inflatable pad defined in claim 1 wherein said first and
second cells of said first layer are elongated substantially over a
lateral dimension of said pad in alternating parallel relationship
and said cells of said second layer are similarly elongated and
interposed in a parallel relationship with said cells of said first
layer.
3. The inflatable pad as defined in claim 2 wherein said elongated
cells are provided with branching ends terminating at a side of
said manifold from the main body of said layer, with said manifold
being adjacent an edge of said layer and wherein there are provided
cell extensions on the other side of said manifold to alleviate
buckling of said layer along said manifold when inflated.
4. The inflatable pad as defined in claim 1 wherein said inflation
means comprises fluid pump means and valve means for alternately
inflating and deflating said first and second cells of said first
layer.
5. An inflatable pad assembly comprising:
A. a first inflatable layer having
1. a plurality of elongated inflatable cells,
2. first and second fluid manifold means for alternate independent
inflation of said cells,
B. a second inflatable layer having
1. a plurality of elongated inflatable cells,
2. said second layer cells being of substantially the same diameter
and length and being spaced apart substantially the same as said
first layer cells,
C. said first and second inflatable layers being juxtaposed against
and secured to one another,
1. with the cells of said first layer nesting between each of two
adjacently positioned cells of said second layer,
2. the central plane of said second layer being spaced from the
central plane of said first layer, and
D. fluid pressure means connected to said manifolds of said first
layer cells comprising
1. fluid pump means for a source of fluid pressure and
2. valve means for inflating and deflating said cells of said first
layer.
6. The inflatable pad assembly defined in claim 5 wherein said
first inflatable layer is provided with a plurality of smaller
diameter elongated inflatable cells each branching from the main
elongated inflatable cells adjacent one end of said pad.
7. A dual layer pad for supporting a human body thereon,
comprising:
A. a first layer having a plurality of inflatable cells
substantially covering at least a portion of a body supporting
surface thereof; and
B. a second cushioning layer juxtaposed against said first layer at
the surface opposite said supporting surface,
1. the central plane of said second layer being spaced from the
central plane of said first layer, and
2. said second layer supporting and interfitting with said cells of
said first layer to retain same against lateral movement upon
imposition of a body on said first layer.
8. In an inflatable structure having a plurality of longitudinal
inflatable cells arranged substantially parallel to one another
A. means forming a manifold adjacent an edge of said structure and
having a side thereof in fluid communication with each of said
cells,
1. said manifold having said side positioned substantially across
the ends of said cells and
B. means forming relatively short continuations of said cells on
the other side of and in fluid communication with said
manifold.
9. The structure defined in claim 8 wherein said cells are formed
by seal lines and said cell continuations are formed by an
undulating seal line along the manifold edge of said structure.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a dual layer cellular pad for supporting
the human body and particularly to such a dual layer cellular
inflatable pad wherein at least one of the layers may have a
plurality of alternately inflatable cells which are inflatable at
relatively low pressure to support a human body and which minimize
lateral or shear movement of the skin as the alternating inflation
takes place.
Persons suffering from serious and prolonged illnesses or injury
may have to remain substantially motionless for extended periods of
time either in a bed or in some other type of support such as a
wheel chair. During such long periods of motionlessness, a common
problem for such convalescing patients is the occurrence of
decubitus ulcers appearing on the skin of the patient, commonly
known as bed sores. The decubitus ulcers may be formed because of a
prolonged deficiency in blood circulation at certain pressure
points of the patient's body upon which he is resting. The
decubitus ulcers are unsightly, painful and give rise to patterns
of infection since they are open sores on the patient's body.
Moreover, decubitus ulcers are difficult to heal if there is
continued impairment of blood circulation around the area of the
ulcer. Further, any frictional movement against the ulcers may
cause them to break open and further complicate the healing
process. Thus for a patient already suffering decubitus ulcers the
shear motion between the body support and the patient's skin will
complicate and retard the healing process.
There have been several prior art approaches to the prevention
and/or the treatment of patients suffering from such ulcers. One
such approach has been to place the patient on a water mattress
which has a large flexible envelope filled with water and upon
which the patient rests. The water bed thus permits the weight of
the patient to be spread over the entire body area and eliminates
pressure points at which circulation would be impaired and
decubitus ulcers likely to form. Such a water bed however, is
expensive and is very difficult to handle due to the weight of the
water in it. Further, because of the weight of the water, a
supporting structure for it must be fairly expensive. Still
further, such water beds are subject to leaks and puncture and
sanitation problems arise because if they are to be re-used they
must be scrubbed and sterilized for each successive patient.
Another approach to the problem has been the provision of a pad of
various blown or foamed polymeric materials with sufficient
compressibility to permit a spreading of the body supporting
pressure points. Such supporting pad structures, however, may be
expensive and are difficult to clean when such foam covered pads
are supported by alternately inflated tubes or cells. The shear
effect on the patient's skin from the alternate inflating and
deflating of inflatable portions of the structure may also tend to
reopen the healing decubitus ulcers of the patient.
Cellular alternately inflatable single layer pads have also been
used without a thick foam covering but such pads also have been
subject to the problem of skin shear of the patient with the
alternate inflation and deflation of the tubular cells of the pad.
Such cellular pads generally require air pressures of around two
pounds per square inch to support an adult human body. With the
necessity for such air pressures the pads can feel relatively hard
to the patient and are a source of discomfort.
In inflatable structures such as a pad or piece of furniture, a
problem is encountered when a series of substantially parallel
inflatable cells terminate at a manifold along an edge or end of
the structure. The end area tends to fan out and causes arching of
the structure along the end or edge. Thus such cellular inflatable
structures do not lie flat and they are unsightly as well as being
less desirable from a functional standpoint.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a dual
layer fluid supported pad which is comfortable and is relatively
inexpensive to manufacture and maintain.
Another object of the invention is to provide a pad of the above
structure wherein the end or edge portions thereof have an adjacent
manifold for inflation and wherein the end or edge portions are
substantially flat.
A further object of the invention is to provide an inflatable dual
layer pad wherein the cells of the upper layer nest with and are
restrained against lateral movement by the cells of the lower
layer.
Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in
part appear hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises a dual layer cellular fluid pad wherein the
two layers of the pad are sealed together around their periphery in
registration with the elongated cells interfitting one with another
from layer to layer. At least one and preferably the lower pad may
be filled with a liquid or a fluid. It has been found that the dual
layer pad of the invention permits the use of substantially less
pressure to support a given weight without bottoming than had
heretofore been required in a single layer cellular inflatable pad.
Thus the invention makes possible the use of lower pressure and
provides a more comfortable pad than those prior art pads which
require higher air pressure to support the human body without
bottoming. The preferred material for the pad of the invention is a
heat sealable polymeric material such as polyvinyl chloride.
Further, the heat sealable polymer provides a pad surface which can
easily be kept clean.
In the alternating pressure pad embodiment, at least one layer of
the pad is formed with two air manifolds and two separate air
pressure ports for inlet and exhaust. These manifolds then
communicate with alternate elongated cells of the pad layer and can
be inflated and deflated in timed relation to provide a therapeutic
action for comfort and/or for reducing decubitus ulcers in
bedridden patients. Further, the pad cell surfaces adjacent the
body tend to conform to the body when the alternating
deflation/inflation cycles take place, thus reducing shear on the
body to prevent aggravation of decubitus ulcers in bedridden
patients.
The interfitting of the elongated cells of the upper layer with
those of the lower layer restrains the upper layer cells from
spreading under load. Such spreading in prior art pads has been a
cause of shear between the pad and the body.
Other embodiments of the invention may be used, for example, as a
seat pad for truck or bus drivers or wheelchair patients wherein
the alternately inflated cellular pad may be used for comfort.
Further, a dual layer cellular pad may be used without the
alternate inflation feature as an air mattress or seat pad in
applications where the low pressure in the pad and/or reduction of
shear movement relative to the skin provides more comfort.
The dual layer concept of the invention may also be applied wherein
cells of each layer are statically filled with fluid and sealed, or
such pads may be inflated by mouth or other pump means.
The invention accordingly comprises an article of manufacture
possessing the features, properties and relation of elements which
will be exemplified in the article as hereinafter described and the
scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of the nature of the invention reference
should be had to the following detailed description taken in
connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a broken plan view of a dual layer inflatable bed
pad.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1 showing
inflation of alternate cells in the upper layer.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1 showing
inflation of all cells in the upper layer.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 1 showing
deflation of alternate cells in the upper layer in a pattern
opposite that of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of the pad shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 7 is a plan view partially broken away of a dual layer
inflatable seat pad.
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the support and pressure
points of a rounded object such as a human body on the dual layer
pad of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the cellular layers of the
dual layer pad when supporting a weight having a flat surface.
Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the
several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The dual layer inflatable pad as shown in FIGS. 1 through 5 in
general comprises an upper layer 10 and a lower layer 12 juxtaposed
and sealed along at least two edges as at 14, 16. The material of
the two layers is preferably a heat sealable polymeric material
such as polyvinyl chloride.
The layers of the pad may be filled by a source of fluid pressure
generally indicated at 18 having outlets 20, 22, 24 connected to
inlets 26, 28, 30 respectively of the dual layer pad. As shown in
FIG. 1 inlet 26 is connected to supply air or other fluid to cell
32 and through its connection with manifold 31 supplies air or
other fluid to alternate longitudinal cells 34, 36, etc. across the
width of the upper layer of the pad. Similarly, pad inlet 30 is
connected to manifold 38 to supply the alternate longitudinal cells
33, 35, 37, etc. of the upper layer of the pad. As shown in FIG. 1,
the head end of the bed pad is that adjacent manifold 38 while the
foot end of the pad is adjacent manifold 31. On the foot end of the
pad the longitudinal cells may be further split into cells having a
smaller diameter such as cells 33a and b, 35a and b, and 37a
alternating with longitudinal cells of similar diameters such as
32a and b, 34a and b, and 36a. Thus in the foot end of the pad
smaller diameter longitudinal portions of the cells will be
alternately inflatable for therapeutic action in the leg supporting
area of the pad. A greater number of smaller diameter cells in the
heel area is preferred since the heels exert more pressure per unit
area and should be supported on a greater number of pressure
points.
At the head end of the pad the main longitudinal cells 32, 33, 34,
etc. may be split into smaller diameter portions 32c and d, 34c and
d, and 36c, etc. for better support in the area of the manifold 38.
Further, on both ends of the pad adjacent the manifold areas the
end seal lines 40 and 42 may be undulated as shown to form
continuations of the cellular structure of the main body of the
pad.
As best seen in FIG. 1, cell continuations 40a and 42a are inflated
from the manifolds 31 and 38 respectively. It has been found that
by providing such cell continuations along the pad ends that the
problem of buckling or arching of the pad end has been
substantially obviated. The tendency for the pad end to fan out
along the manifold area and to arch is relieved because the cell
continuations provide a series of small relieved areas at points
40b and 42b along the manifold.
As to the lower layer 12 the elongated cells of that layer are in
fluid communication with conduit 22 through connector 28 and
interfit with the longitudinal cells of the top layer. For those
embodiments utilizing a fluid other than air, such as a gas or
liquid such as water, connector 28 may be connected to a source for
gaseous fluids or the cells of layer 12 may be prefilled with, for
example water, and thus sealed. Thus as shown in FIGS. 1-4 the
cells of the lower layer may be kept statically inflated while the
cells of the upper layer are alternately inflated and deflated as
will be more fully explained hereinafter. Thus cells 44, 46, 48,
50, 52, 54, etc. of the lower layer 12 interfittingly support the
upper layer cells 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, etc. in the body portion
of the pad. In the foot portion of the pad, as shown in FIG. 6, the
lower layer cells are also formed into two longitudinal cells of
smaller diameter and supportingly interfit with the adjacent
smaller diameter cells of the upper layer of the pad.
In operating the pad as shown in FIGS. 1-6, the cells of the pad
may be inflated at a pressure of from about 1.0 to 2.5 psi, and
preferably from 1.4 to 1.8 psi from the pressure source 18. The
cells of the lower layer 12 may be kept at a static pressure while
the cells of upper layer 10 may be alternately inflated and
deflated. All of the cells in the upper layer 10 are inflated
through lines 20, 24 from air supply source 18 as shown in FIG. 3.
By means of a timed valving arrangement in the supply source 18,
alternate body cells 33, 35, 37, etc. are deflated while inflation
pressure is maintained in alternate body cells 32, 34, 36, etc. The
same inflation and deflation takes place in the corresponding
smaller foot section cells as shown in FIG. 6. After a
predetermined interval of, for example, four minutes, cells 33, 35,
37, etc. are inflated as shown in FIG. 3, and then alternate cells
32, 34, 36, etc. are deflated as shown in FIG. 4. After a period of
again, for example, four minutes, the cells 32, 34, 36, etc. are
again inflated as shown in FIG. 3, and then the alternate cells 33,
35, 37, etc. are deflated to again resume the configuration of FIG.
2. This alternating inflation and deflation cycle is continuously
repeated to change the pressure points supporting a body on the top
layer 10. The changing of the pressure points thus permits periodic
circulation in the patient's body and greatly reduces or eliminates
decubitus ulcers for bedridden patients. The air pressure required
in the cells to support a body without bottoming is substantially
less than that of present single layer cellular inflatable pads and
provides a more comfortable body support.
As schematically shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the cells of the dual
layer pad tend to conform to the shape of the body resting upon the
top layer, and with the inflation and deflation of the alternating
cells of the top layer tend to adjust their shape to maintain
contact without relative shear movement between the cell surface
and the supported body.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 may be used as a seat pad and the
form shown is particularly useful for convalescing patients, truck
drivers, airline pilots, etc. As in the FIG. 1 embodiment, the dual
layers 10a and 12a are superimposed one on another and are
preferably joined together around their peripheries by a seal line
16a with the longitudinal cells of each layer interfitting adjacent
cells in the adjacent layer.
Upper layer 10a comprises two manifolds 31a, 38a, each connected to
a plurality of alternate longitudinal cells formed by a continuous
seal line 60. Thus longitudinal cells 32e, 34e, 36e, etc. are all
in communication with manifold 38a and are supplied from a source
of air pressure through inlet 26a. Cells 33e, 35e, 37e, etc. are
all connected to a source of air pressure through inlet 30a via
cell 33e and manifold 31a.
As to the lower layer 12a, there may be provided two inlets 28a and
b both connected through line 22a to a source of fluid, whereby
cells of layer 12a may be filled together. Thus essentially the
same heat sealing die may be used in the manufacture of layer 12a
as is used for layer 10a. If desired a single inlet may be used for
layer 12a if the cells are all to be filled from a single
inlet.
In use, the seat pad shown in FIG. 7 may operate therapeutically
with the connection of inlets 26a and 30a connected to alternating
sources of air pressure. The sequence of inflation and deflation
will be similar to that described above as to the FIG. 1
embodiment. Thus the therapeutic action of the pad in the inflation
and deflation of alternate cells in the upper layer 10a contribute
substantially to comfort of a person sitting thereon over extended
periods of time. It enhances the circulation and comfort by
alternating the pressure points supporting the weight of a person
thereon. Further, since the lower pressures may be used in the dual
layer pad with or without the alternating inflation feature, the
pad is substantially more comfortable to sit on than are prior art
single layer pads. The pad cells do not tend to separate, thus
reducing relative shear movement as to the supported surface.
While a dual layer pad having a statically filled lower layer and
with alternately inflatable upper layer cells has been shown, it
should be understood that a number of variations may be employed
within the scope of the invention. For example, the dual layer pad
may be statically inflated in both its layers as an air mattress or
seat pad. Further, the cellular arrangement may be varied in a
number of ways wherein the cells of the lower layer will interfit
with the cells of the upper layer to tend to hold those cells from
spreading under a load. In such an embodiment, lower static
pressures may be employed without bottoming under load.
It should also be understood that the term "inflatable" as used in
the specification and claims includes the term "inflated" and that
other fluids or liquids may be used instead of air within the scope
of the invention.
It will also be apparent that in a number of applications the
provision of short cell continuation along the sealed edge of the
manifold will alleviate buckling or arching of the structure end or
edge adjacent the manifold.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those
made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently
attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above
article without departing from the scope of the invention, it is
intended that all matter contained in the above description or
shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as
illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended
to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention
which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall
therebetween.
* * * * *