U.S. patent number 3,674,013 [Application Number 05/076,714] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-04 for fiberoptic catheter.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Optical Corporation. Invention is credited to Michael L. Polanyl.
United States Patent |
3,674,013 |
Polanyl |
July 4, 1972 |
FIBEROPTIC CATHETER
Abstract
A fiberoptic catheter for monitoring blood in vivo with
avoidance of thrombus formation. A standard cardiac catheter having
longitudinally extending afferent and efferent light-conducting
fibers therewithin is terminated with a smoothly rounded tip. Some
distance back from the tip, the fibers are directed right-angularly
to one side of the catheter where ends thereof are optically
finished to form an exposed light-emitting and light-receiving face
at said side of the catheter. This face is spaced from walls of
passages of the recipient by a fixed bend in the adjacent terminal
portion of the catheter.
Inventors: |
Polanyl; Michael L. (Webster,
MA) |
Assignee: |
American Optical Corporation
(Southbridge, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
22133759 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/076,714 |
Filed: |
September 30, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/325; 600/582;
356/241.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
1/00165 (20130101); A61B 5/1459 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
5/00 (20060101); A61B 1/00 (20060101); A61b
005/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/2R,2L,2M,2.5D,2.5F,4-8,348 ;356/241 ;350/96B |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Truluck; Dalton L.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a fiber optic catheter including a catheter tubing having a
bundle of light-conducting fibers extending longitudinally
thereinto, the improvement comprising:
one end of said bundle of fibers being relatively sharply directed
right-angularly within said catheter toward an outer side thereof
and brought to a terminus disposed in exposed flush relationship
with said outer side of said catheter;
means securing said one end of said fiber bundle fixedly in said
catheter; and
said catheter tubing having a section being extended beyond said
end of said fiber bundle arcuately about a bend having a center of
curvature located approximately forwardly of said exposed terminus
of said fiber bundle said section having a closed terminus and
further being set to substantially permanently retain said arcuate
shape of said bend.
2. In a fiberoptic catheter including a catheter tubing having a
bundle of light-conducting fibers extending longitudinally
thereinto, the improvement comprising:
said catheter tubing including a main section through which said
bundle of light-conducting fibers extends, one end of said bundle
of fibers being relatively sharply directed right-angularly within
said catheter toward an outer side thereof and brought to a
terminus disposed in exposed flush relationship with said other
side of said catheter;
said catheter tubing further including a separate shorter section
which comprises an extension beyond said one end of said fiber
bundle; the terminus of said shorter section of tubing being
closed;
a tubular coupling internally of said catheter tubing connecting
said main and shorter sections thereof together;
means securing said one end of said fiber bundle fixedly in said
catheter; and
said shorter section of catheter tubing being extended beyond said
one end of said fiber bundle arcuately about a bend having a center
of curvature located approximately forwardly of said exposed fiber
bundle terminus.
3. A fiberoptic catheter according to claim 2 wherein the terminus
of said shorter section of catheter tubing is closed by an attached
smoothly rounded metallic tip and said catheter further includes an
electrical lead affixed to said tip and extending efferently
therefrom through said catheter.
4. A fiberoptic catheter according to claim 2 wherein said coupling
has an opening in one side thereof through which said one end of
said bundle of fibers is extended into said exposed flush
relationship with said outer side of said catheter.
5. A fiberoptic catheter according to claim 4 wherein said securing
means comprises an adhesive potting agent within said coupling,
said agent extending around said terminus of said fiber bundle into
smoothly finished flush relationship with adjacent outer sides of
said main and shorter sections of said catheter tubing.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
Fiberoptic devices with particular reference to catheters having
light-conducting fibers extending longitudinally internally through
at least a substantial portion of their lengths.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A main obstacle for the use of indwelling fiberoptic catheters is
thrombus formation and/or an accumulation of fibrin around or
adjacent to the effective light-emitting and light-receiving distal
ends of the catheters. This usually results from irregularities in
the construction of the catheter ends particularly in cases where
cages and the like are used to prevent these ends from coming into
too close proximity with the walls of body organs or passages into
which the catheters are inserted.
Heretofor, the construction of fiberoptic catheters has
necessitated the use of wire cages and the like to avoid the
adverse effects of the observing ends of the catheters coming into
too close proximity to the walls of passages into which the
catheters are inserted. The undesireable effects of this too close
proximity which are referred to in the art as "wall effects," are
false or unreliable readings of blood oxygen saturation, in the
case in vivo oximeters, and similar unreliable indications of
intravascular blood pressure and the like, in the case of
fiberoptic intravascular pressure and sound determining catheter
systems.
The present invention deals with the avoidance of thrombus
formation, fibrin accumulation and wall effects in the use of
indwelling fiberoptic catheters.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In its relationship to the aforementioned matters, the present
invention accomplishes its objectives through the provision of a
standard cardiac catheter having longitudinally extending afferent
and efferent light-conducting fibers therewithin. The catheter is
terminated with a smoothly rounded tip some distance back from
which the fibers are directed right-angularly to one side of the
catheter. Ends of the fibers thus form a light-emitting and
light-receiving face at the side of the catheter. This face is
smoothly contoured into the corresponding side of the catheter and
provides a light-emitting and light-receiving pickup area on the
catheter. This smoothly contoured pickup area and rounded tip of
the catheter renders the catheter readily insertable into the body
and capable of being held in situ for long periods of time without
thrombus formation or fibrin accumulation therearound.
Additionally, the present catheter is provided with a fixed bend
adjacent its terminal end which is directed arcuately along the
side of the catheter having the aforesaid pickup area so that the
pickup area is held at all times, in spaced relationship with walls
or sides of body organs or passageways under observation.
The invention will be more fully understood by reference to the
following detailed description and the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of a preferred embodiment of
the invention;
FIG. 2 is a somewhat enlarged fragmentary perspective view of the
distal end of the fiberoptic catheter shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a greatly enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view of
the portion of the catheter which is depicted in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a perspective illustration of means used in conjunction
with the catheter during periods of storage thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Fiberoptic catheter 10 comprises a length of standard cardiac
catheter tubing 12 having a relatively short section 12a of its
distal portion separated from its main section 12b by a rigid
tubular internal coupling 14 which connects these sections 12a and
12b coaxially together.
A bundle 16 of afferent and efferent light-conducting fibers 18
having a relatively sharp right-angular bend 20 (FIG. 3) adjacent
its terminus is extended through the major portion of the length of
catheter tubing 12 with its terminus directed laterally through a
slot 22 in fitting 14. This extremity of fiber bundle 16 is fixedly
secured within fitting 14 with an epoxy resin or similar adhesive
potting agent 24 which, at the side of face 26 of bundle 16,
smoothly fills in the gap between adjacent ends of section 12a and
12b of catheter tubing 12. Also smoothly filling in the remaining
spacing between sections 12a and 12b of catheter tubing 12 is a
split collar 28 which extends from opposite sides of face 26
circumferentially about fitting 14.
Face 26 of fiber bundle 16 and its surrounding exposed portions of
the potting agent 24, as well as collar 28, are all smoothly
externally finished and tightly joined to each other and to
sections 12a and 12b of catheter tubing 12 so that the joinder of
such sections 12a and 12b is continuous and the tendency for
thrombus formation and/or fibrin accumulation thereabout is
avoided.
In further avoiding thrombus formation along catheter tubing 12,
its distal end is closed with a smoothly finished semispherical tip
30. In the particular embodiment of the invention herein
illustrated, tip 30 is formed of metal having an electrical lead 32
connected thereto. Lead 32 extends externally of catheter 10 to a
source of electrical current (not shown) which may be used to
electrically stimulate the portion of a body (e.g. the heart) into
which tip 30 is placed.
According to generally standard practice in applying fiberoptic
catheters to associated light-emitting and light-receiving
apparatuses, catheter tubing 12 is coupled to a larger tubing 34
(FIG. 1) which, in turn, is coupled to a Y-junction block 36.
Bundle 16 is continued from catheter tubing 12 through tubing 34
and then separated into two legs within block 36. Each leg is
directed separately outwardly of block 36 through respective
relatively short lengths of tubings 38 and 40 and into
corresponding end fittings 42 and 44. The particular fibers
terminating in fitting 44 may be selected for transmitting light
from a source 46 afferently through catheter 10 while the fibers
terminating in fitting 42 function as the efferent fibers of
catheter 10 which are used to conduct light to a photodetector
48.
Those interested in actual applications of devices such as catheter
10 may refer to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,069,739; 3,068,742 and 3,461,856,
for example. In the present case, however, the light-receiving and
light-emitting face 26 of catheter 10 is disposed at a side of the
catheter tubing whereby light emitted from catheter 10 is directed
laterally of the tubing generally as illustrated by lines 50 (FIG.
2) which represent light rays.
In order to maintain a spacing between face 26 and the walls of
passageway 52 (FIG. 3) which is sufficient to permit a free flow of
blood over face 26 in the passageway, the end of catheter 10 is
provided with a bend as indicated by arrow 54 in FIG. 2. Having its
approximate center of curvature 56 disposed forwardly of face 26,
this bend acts to prevent collapse of the walls of passageway 52
against the catheter. Thus, adequate spacing between face 26 and
the walls of passageway 52 is maintained at all times during
insertion of the catheter into the body and while in situ.
In order to assure a permanent setting of this bend in the
catheter, its distal end is preferably placed within a rigid
arcuately shaped tubular keeper 58 (FIG. 4) whenever the catheter
is not is use.
Modifications of the present invention may include the addition of
a flexible tubule within the catheter tubing 12 for sampling or
otherwise monitoring body fluids in and around the distal end of
catheter 10. Such a tubule or capillary (not shown) would of course
have one end extended through a side of catheter 10 for
communicating with body fluids and the like externally of the
catheter. A thin sleeve of translucent material (also not shown)
may be placed over face 26 of the catheter should it be desired to
have the light emitted from face 26 diffused into a specimen fluid,
e.g. blood.
* * * * *