U.S. patent number 3,673,965 [Application Number 04/855,974] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-04 for over-shot wad for shotshells.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Herter's, Inc.. Invention is credited to George L. Herter.
United States Patent |
3,673,965 |
Herter |
July 4, 1972 |
OVER-SHOT WAD FOR SHOTSHELLS
Abstract
An improved end closure for the mouth of a shotshell having a
case formed from relatively hard plastic comprising an over-shot
wad of relatively soft, yieldable plastic formed in the shape of a
disc and having a beveled or angled peripheral edge against which
the mouth end of the shell case is bent or crimped inwardly a very
short distance in abutting and restraining engagement therewith.
The disc-shaped closure wad includes an annular wall segment of
extended length on which said beveled surface is formed, said
annular wall segment having a substantial thickness and being
reinforced by a plurality of ribs extending radially of said
closure wad.
Inventors: |
Herter; George L. (Waseca,
MN) |
Assignee: |
Herter's, Inc. (Waseca,
MN)
|
Family
ID: |
25322581 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/855,974 |
Filed: |
September 8, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
102/462;
102/451 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B
7/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F42B
7/00 (20060101); F42B 7/12 (20060101); F42b
007/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;102/42,42C,43C,95 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Handloader Magazine; Vol. 2; No. 4; A Date With Wanda by John
Wooters; Reprint pp. 1-5 .
Guns & Ammo Magazine; April 1967; The Shotgun Shell of the
Future by G & A Staff & John Hall; 5 pp. Reprint.
|
Primary Examiner: Stahl; Robert F.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A closure, and over-shot wad for a shotshell comprising:
a disc-shaped plastic member having a substantially planar, central
wall section; and
an elongated, peripheral wall segment projecting from said central,
planar section in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis
thereof, the peripheral, edge surface of at least one end of said
elongated wall segment being beveled at a predetermined
configuration to serve as a stop for a retaining lip formed at the
mouth of a shell case by crimping a very short length of the end of
said case inwardly over said over-shot wad,
said peripheral wall segment projecting beyond both sides of said
planar, central section and is beveled around the peripheral edge
surface of both ends thereof; and further including
a plurality of ribs projecting from both sides of said central,
planar section at substantially right angles thereto and formed
integrally therewith, said ribs extending generally radially
outwardly to the end portions of said peripheral wall segment and
thereby serving as reinforcing and strengthening members therefor,
said ribs having substantially the same thickness as said
peripheral wall segment in a direction parallel to the axis at each
side of the disc-shaped plastic member.
Description
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to an improved end closure for a shotgun
shell, and particularly for shotshells having a shell case made
from relatively hard, substantially non-resilient plastic such as
polycarbonate or polycarbonate mixed with other plastic materials
such as polyethylene or rubber. There is a growing trend towards
the use of plastic shotshell cases, and polycarbonate has proven to
be particularly effective for this purposs because of its strength
and molding qualities. However, these particular qualities, and
especially the hardness, and relative non-resilience of
polycarbonate either alone or in combination with other plastics
and rubber pose particular problems in effecting a proper closure
for the mouth of the shell case over the shot charge.
Attempts to form a conventional star crimp type of end closure on a
relatively hard, plastic shotshell case have not provided
satisfactory results. Not only is it quite difficult to form the
mouth end of such a plastic case into a star crimp configuration,
but also because of the limited resilience and yieldability of the
hard plastic, the crimped mouth of the plastic shell case does not
open completely upon firing of the shotshell, thereby presenting a
restricted opening to the outward passage of the wad column and
shot charge. This produces an undesirable ballistic effect and also
frequently results in the tearing or shearing of the relatively
hard mouth of the plastic shell case. The life or such plastic
shell cases having a substantial closure crimp of any kind is thus
greatly limited for reloading purposes.
Having in mind the foregoing problems and disadvantages associated
with prior efforts to form adequate closure means at the mouth end
of relatively hard, plastic shell cases, I have developed a unique
and improved closure arrangement particularly characterized by
minimum deformation or crimping of the mouth of the plastic shell
case and minimum resistance to the outward passage of the shot
charge and wad column.
These basic objectives are realized by utilizing a closure wad
having a relatively thin, transverse web section which overlies the
short charge and an annular, peripheral wall segment of increased
thickness provided with a beveled or angled surface around its
outer periphery against which a very short length of the end of the
shell case is bent or crimped inwardly.
As a particularly advantageous and significant feature of my
shotshell end closure, the aforesaid beveled surface on the closure
wad is given such an angle and configuration as to control and
limit the inward crimping or bending of the end of the shell case
so that the retainer lip or bead formed by the crimping projects
transversely inwardly of the shell case a minimal distance,
preferably not exceeding the wall thickness of the shell case. The
crimping or bending of the mouth of the shell case is thus of such
a limited magnitude as to pose no substantial problem of
work-hardening and damage to the mouth of the shell case during
repeated reloadings. Also, the minimum inward projection of the
crimped end of the shell case offers substantially no obstruction
or restriction to the outward passage of the shot charge and wad
column with the result that there is little deleterious affect on
shot pattern and substantially no likelihood of damage to the hard,
non-resilient mouth of the shell case as it is opened by the
emission of the shot charge and wad column upon firing.
A further beneficial aspect of my improved end closure wad resides
in the provision of a plurality of radially extending ribs on both
sides of the central web section of the wad, the ribs terminating
at their outer ends in supporting engagement with the aforesaid
annular wall segment. The ribs lend strength and rigidity to the
annular wall segment so that it will not be deformed inwardly an
undue amount during the crimping of the casing mouth and thereby
permit the crimped retainer lip on the case to be bent over beyond
the limited, desired angle. The ribs also catch the air upon firing
and thereby cause the closure wad to be spun laterally away from
the path of the shot charge.
The closure wad of the aforesaid configuration is preferably formed
as a unitary structure from a relatively soft, yieldable plastic
such as polyethylene, whereby the wad will not shatter upon firing
and may be deformed slightly, as required to fit it snuggly into
the open end of the shell case.
These and other objects and advantages of my improved over-shot wad
will become readily apparent as the following description is read
in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like
reference numerals have been used to designate like elements
throughout the several views.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevation view, partially in section, showing the
closure and over-shot wad of the invention in place in a shell
case;
FIG. 2 is a top, plan view of the shot shell end closure of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a vertical, section view taken along lines 3-3 of FIG. 2
and showing the over-shot wad and shotshell end closure on an
enlarged scale;
FIG. 4 is a top, plan view of the over-shot wad of this invention;
and
FIG. 5 is a vertical section view of the over-shot wad taken along
lines 5--5 of FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The over-shot wad end closure of this invention has been
particularly designed for use with my all plastic shotshell with
the purpose of providing a plastic shotshell which may be
manufactured on a high volume, production basis with relative ease
and simplicity and which is so constructed and assembled as to
withstand multiple firings and reloadings. A fully loaded and
assembled all plastic shotshell incorporating the improved
over-powder wad of this invention is shown in FIG. 1. The shotshell
includes a tubular casing 1 having an integral base wall 2 at one
end thereof. Casing 1 is preferably molded from relatively hard
plastic material such as polycarbonate manufactured by General
Electric Company under the trade name "Lexan." Polycarbonate mixed
with other plastic materials such as polyethylene or natural or
synthetic rubber may also be used. Base wall or head 2 is formed
integrally with casing 1 during an injection molding operation so
as to thereby provide a one-piece casing and base wall structure. A
peripheral flange 4 on base wall 2 serves as a contact and strike
element for an ejection mechanism in a shotgun.
Base wall 2 of tubular casing 1 is provided with an aperture 6
through which primer 8 extends in a relatively loose, non-binding
fit therewith. A slightly larger diameter recess 10 in the bottom
face of base wall 2 serves as a seat for the rim 12 of primer 8.
Primer 8 is held in place by a plastic base wad 14 having an
axially extending, central cavity 16 within which primer 8 is
tightly fitted so as to be retained in the desired position. The
shock and pressure transmitted by the detonating primer is absorbed
substantially entirely by plastic base wad 14 which is formed from
yieldable and resilient plastic material such as polyethylene,
thereby preventing the transmission of potentially damaging forces
and shock waves to the lower end of hard, plastic casing 1 and its
base wall 2. The structure and arrangement of bas wad 14 and the
manner in which it engages and retains primer 8 are described in
detail in my co-pending U.S. Pat. application filed on Apr. 21,
1969 under Ser. No. 817,860, and entitled "PLASTIC SHOTGUN SHELL".
For purposes of this disclose, it will suffice to say that base wad
36 is of generally cylindrical configuration and seats snuggly into
the bottom or base end of tubular casing 1 in the manner shown in
FIG. 2 with its bottom surface bearing flush against flat, inner
surface 18 of base wall 2. A plurality of longitudinally spaced
rings 20 are provided around the outer periphery of base wad 14 at
its upper end, rings 20 terminating at relatively sharp edges 22 to
thereby define a plurality of spaced teeth in vertical cross
section as shown in FIG. 1. Teeth or edge portions 22 of rings 20
engage the inner wall surface of tubular casing 1 and assist in
holding base wad 14 in place. The upper end of base wad 14 is
dished inwardly and is defined by concave top wall 24 which
cooperates with over-powder wad 26 to form the space within which
propeller charge 28 is contained.
It is to be noted that base wad 36 need not necessarily include
rings 20 defining teeth 22, and glue could be used to assist in
holding base wad 36 in place with or without peripheral teeth.
Over-powder wad 26 is part of a wad column which preferably takes
the form of a unitary, one-piece plastic wad column and shot cup
designated generally by reference numeral 30. Unitary plastic
element 30 is molded from pliable and yieldable plastic such as
polyethylene, and includes transversely extending over-powder wad
26 at its lower end. Depending from over-powder wad 26 is a powder
enclosing and sealing skirt 32, preferably comprised of radially
spaced annular walls 33 and 34. A plurality of spacing and sealing
discs or rings 36 extend transversely outwardly from center post 38
of unitary over-powder wad and shot cup 30 and bear against the
inside surface of tubular casing 1 at their outer ends. The upper
end of unitary, plastic member 30 is comprised of shot cup 40 of
cylindrical configuration which extends upwardly along the inside
walls of tubular casing 1 to a point adjacent the top end thereof.
A shot charge consisting of a plurality of pellets 42 is contained
within shot cup 40.
The closing and sealing of the upper, free end of the shotshell
opposite base wall 2 poses particular problems when using a shell
case 1 made from relatively hard plastic such as polycarbonate or
polycarbonate in combination with other plastic or rubber
materials. The hardness and limited resilience of polycarbonate
resins from which shell casing 1 is preferably molded make it
difficult to form or bend the end of the casing mouth to provide a
closure over the shot charge; and because of these same properties
of the relatively hard, plastic case, any closure crimp formed on
the end of the case will not normally have sufficient flexibility
to open as quickly and completely as is required for the proper
release of the shot charge and wad column under the force of the
expanding propellent charge. For example, a full-fold conventional
type of closure crimp wherein the mouth end of the shell casing is
folded over on itself in a complete 180.degree. fold, or the well
known star crimp type of end closure wherein the end of the shell
case is crimped inwardly to provide a plurality of pie-shaped
sections covering the entire end of the shell casing over the shot
charge would offer such resistance to opening upon firing of the
shot shell as to restrict the passage of the shot charge and wad
column from the shell casing. The result of any such substantial
crimping of the plastic casing to form an end closure would be
unsatisfactory shot patterns and tearing and deformation of the
mouth of the shell casing by the outward force of the discharging
shot charge and wad column acting on the substantially unyielding
closure crimp. Moreover, any substantial closure crimp utilized on
a hard, plastic shot-shell case will substantially lessen the life
of the shell casing for reloading purposes because of the
work-hardening and eventual breaking or cracking of the mouth of
the shell case which will be caused by the repeated opening and
closing of the mouth of the case in firing and reloading.
To overcome these difficulties, I utilize a plastic closure wad
across the mouth of the shell case over the shot charge in
combination with a very slight crimp on the mouth of the casing.
Over-shot wad and end closure 44 is shown most clearly in FIGS. 4
and 5, and includes a substantially planar, central web section 45
which is quite thin, as may be noted in FIG. 5. The thickness of
web section 45 measured along the longitudinal axis of closure wad
44 is on the order of 0.030 inches, thereby minimizing the mass and
weight of wad 44. Extending around the periphery of central web or
wall section 45 is an annular wall segment 46 which projects
longitudinally of wad 44 beyond at least one face of web section
45. In the preferred embodiment of my closure wad 44 which I have
shown, annular wall segment 46 extends beyond both sides or faces
of web section 45 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis
thereof so as to define an elongated peripheral wall of cylindrical
configuration. The upper, peripheral outer surface of annular wall
segment 46 is inclined or angled to thereby present a beveled
surface 48. A similar beveled surface 49 is formed around the outer
periphery of the lower end of annular wall segment 46. Beveled
surfaces 48 and 49 are formed at a predetermined angle so as to
control and limit the extent to which the upper end of tubular
casing 1 may be crimped or bent over into contact therewith, in a
manner hereafter explained with respect to FIG. 1. It is to be
noted that peripheral wall segment 46 has a thickness measured
along a line extending radially of planar web section 45 which is
substantially greater than the thickness of web section 45. I have
found that the thickness of annular wall segment 46 should be
approximately at least twice that of web section 45 in order to
impart the requisite strength to wad 44 and particularly to wall
segment 46. Wall segment 46, and the entire structure of wad 44 is
further strengthened by the use of a plurality of radially
extending ribs 50 which project from planar web segment 45 at right
angles thereto and terminate at their outer ends in supporting
engagement with annular wall segment 46. A similar set of ribs 51
is provided on the underside of central web section 45. Over-shot
wad 44 is preferably molded as an integral piece incorporating
planar web section 45, annular wall segment 46 and ribs 50 and 51.
Polyethylene, or a similar yieldable, deformable and resilient
plastic material is utilized to form wad 44.
When wad 44 is inserted in the upper, open end or mouth of casing 1
in the manner shown most clearly in FIG. 3, the plastic material
from which it is molded will permit it to yield or deform slightly
as required to obtain a snug, sealing fit with the inner wall
surface of the mouth of casing 1. Straight, outer wall surface 52
of annular wall segment 46 will be disposed in abutting, sealing
contact with the inside surface of casing 1. Peripheral wall
segment 46 of wad 44 extends longitudinally of casing 1 a
sufficient distance to insure a good seal. Central web section 45
of wad 44 extends transversely of case 1 in overlying engagement
with shot charge 42; and the lower end of annular wall segment 46
abuts against the top of shot cup 40. The extended length of
annular wall segment 46 bearing against the inner surface of
tubular casing 1, as well as the contact of wall segment 46 with
shot cup 40 insures the proper positioning of wad 44 within the
mouth of case 1 and prevents wad 44 from canting or tipping. Since
closure wad 44 is provided with the same configuration on both
sides thereof, including identical beveled surfaces 48 and 49 and
ribs 50 and 51, there is no need to orient wad 44 with one side
thereof facing upwardly or downwardly when it is inserted within
tubular casing 1. This greatly simplifies the assembly of wad 44
within the shotshell both during factory loading and reloading in
the field.
After closure wad 44 has been inserted over shot charge 42 in the
aforesaid manner, the closure of the mouth or open end of tubular
casing 1 is completed by crimping or bending a very short length of
the end thereof downwardly and inwardly into abutting contact with
beveled surface 48 or 49. Inclined or beveled surfaces 48 and 49
thereby serve as a rest or stop limiting the degree and extent to
which the end of casing 1 may be crimped inwardly. The crimp end
portion of casing 1 is indicated by reference numeral 54 in FIGS. 1
and 2 and serves as a bead or retaining lip by virtue of its
overlying, restraining engagement with annular wall segment 46 of
wad 44. Beveled surfaces 48 and 49 are formed at a predetermined
angle which will provide for only a very slight inward crimping of
retaining lip 54 on the end of tubular casing 1. Preferably, the
angle at which lip 54 is bent or formed inwardly from casing 1 does
not exceed 45.degree.. Such a very minimal length of the outer end
of casing 1 is crimped that when bent inwardly through an angle of
less than 45.degree., retainer lip or bead 54 formed thereby will
project transversely inwardly by a distance not greater than the
wall thickness of tubular case 1. The substantial thickness given
to annular wall segment 46, and the additional strength imparted
thereto by radially extending ribs 50 and 51 insures that wall
segment 46 will have sufficient strength and rigidity to resist the
inward force applied thereto during the crimping and forming of
retainer lip 54 on the end of casing 1. Thus, the degree of inward
bending or crimping of the mouth of casing 1 is determined and
closely controlled by the angle of inclination of beveled surfaces
48 and 49, which would not be the case if annular wall segment 46
were not given sufficient strength in the aforesaid manner. Any
inward deflection or deformation of wall segment 46 would of course
permit retainer lip 54 to be bent inwardly a greater extent and
degree than desired, and the close control over the magnitude of
the crimp sought by means of the particular angle and configuration
given to beveled surfaces 48 and 49 would be lost. Ribs 50 and 51
are particularly effective in preventing the inward deflection of
annular wall segment 46 during the crimping operation.
When inserted in the mouth of plastic case 1 in the manner shown in
FIGS. 1 and 3, over-shot wad 44 serves to seal the mouth of case 1
as well as to contain and restrain shot pellets 42. This is
accomplished by the abutting contact of planar web section 45 with
the shot charge, as well as by downwardly depending ribs 51 which
assist in preventing movement of the shot pellets 42 with respect
to each other. This is an important feature in that any rattling or
rolling of the shot pellets against one another causes flattening
and deformation of the pellets with a resultant harmful affect on
the shot pattern achieved upon firing of the shotshell.
When primer 8 is detonated in a shotgun, the outward forces
generated by the ignition and combustion of propellent charge 28
will impell the wad column in the form of one-piece plastic
over-powder wad and shot cup 30 and shot charge 42 out of tubular
casing 1. The mouth of casing 1 will be opened by over-powder wad
44 as it passes outwardly in front of shot charge 42 and shot cup
40. Because of the very minimum closure crimp formed on the end of
casing 1, retainer lip or bead 54 formed thereby will offer a
minimum amount of resistance to the outward passage of the wad
column and shot charge. Retainer lip or bead 54, being formed in an
inwardly and upwardly inclined conical configuration conforming to
the shape of beveled surfaces 48 or 49 and projecting transversely
inwardly only a very short distance, will be forced fully open very
quickly and easily by the upward force exerted thereon by closure
wad 44. This is in contrast with the incomplete opening of plastic
shell cases achieved with prior art closure arrangements wherein
the outer end of the shell case is folded completely in a hem or is
formed into an integral star crimp extending all of the way across
the top of the shot charge. When a hard, plastic case is fully
crimped in such a manner, difficulty is encountered in opening the
crimped mouth because of the unyielding and nonresilient nature of
the plastic material. Incomplete opening of the casing mouth not
only causes damage to the crimped portion thereof but also
interferes with the shot pattern. As the shot charge passes through
the restricted opening of the shell casing it strings out in an
undesirable pattern. Also, the over-powder wad will be squeezed and
bow inwardly as it passes out of the restricted opening at the
mouth of the shellcasing, thereby permitting gas from the detonated
propellent charge to leak between the overpowder wad and the gun
barrel. Any gas passing thereby into the shot charge will of course
disturb the shot pattern. These difficulties are eliminated by the
use of my improved over-shot wad 44 having beveled surfaces on the
periphery thereof against which a very short crimped length of the
shell casing abuts as a retainer lip. Because retainer lip 44 is
fully opened upon the firing of the shotshell, shot charge 42 as
well as sealing discs 36 and over-powder wad 26 will pass freely
through the mouth of casing 1. Since discs 36 and over-powder wad
26 remain fully extended, they will be maintained in effective
sealing engagement with the inside of the gun barrel. Disc-shaped
closure wad 44, being made of soft, unbreakable polyethylene
material stays in one piece as it moves down the barrel ahead of
the shot charge. After leaving the gun barrel, wad 44 is blown off
to one side out of the trajectory line of the shot charge as the
wind is caught by projecting ribs 50 or 51. Ribs 50 and 51 thus
serve an additional function as pressure vanes with the air caught
between adjacent ribs 50 or 51 and the adjacent surfaces of web 45
and wall section 48 acting on these ribs or vanes to spin wad 44
laterally to one side out of the path of the shot charge.
It is also important to note that the minimum amount of closure
crimp formed on the mouth of casing 1 and the control of the
crimping operation achieved by virtue of the crimp stop afforded by
beveled surfaces 48 or 49 greatly simplifies the closing of the
shotshell both during initial factory loading and reloading in the
field. Since short retainer lip 54 does not become work-hardened
and torn or damaged either upon firing or during the crimping
operations, the lift of plastic casing 1 for reloading purposes is
greatly extended.
* * * * *