U.S. patent number 3,673,357 [Application Number 05/128,997] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-27 for tactile response switch with unitary control strip of independently operably plural disc contacts.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated. Invention is credited to Andrew John Molchan.
United States Patent |
3,673,357 |
Molchan |
June 27, 1972 |
TACTILE RESPONSE SWITCH WITH UNITARY CONTROL STRIP OF INDEPENDENTLY
OPERABLY PLURAL DISC CONTACTS
Abstract
A tactile response switch comprises a unitary cantilever-snap
disc mechanism in which the cantilever provides reliable electrical
contact properties and the snap disc provides a tactile response to
contact closure. A plurality of independent contact closures can be
made by operation of a single contact button and the properties of
the cantilever and the snap disc can be easily tailored to achieve
a desired sequence of contact closures and desired switch operating
characteristics.
Inventors: |
Molchan; Andrew John
(Indianapolis, IN) |
Assignee: |
Bell Telephone Laboratories,
Incorporated (Murray Hill, NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
22438005 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/128,997 |
Filed: |
March 29, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
200/5A;
200/516 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
13/7013 (20130101); H01H 13/38 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
13/70 (20060101); H01H 13/38 (20060101); H01H
13/26 (20060101); H01h 005/30 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/5,6,11DA,17,18,67DA,159R,159B,116PC |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Scott; J. R.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A tactile response switch comprising, in combination:
a strip of conductive spring material having thereon a plurality of
snap discs and contacts, said strip having a bend therein in its
longitudinal direction so that said strip forms a curved
surface;
a terminal board having thereon a plurality of contacts matching
said contacts on said strip;
means for mounting said strip to said board along said bend so that
said bend is held in fixed relation to said board and the portions
of said strip on each side of said bend form cantilevers supported
at said bend which can deflect toward said board; and
deflecting means comprising a plurality of buttons mounted on said
snap discs for deflecting said portions of said strip toward said
board and snapping said discs to effect closure of said contacts
and provide a tactile response feedback of said closure.
2. A tactile response switch comprising, in combination:
a strip of conductive material having thereon a plurality of snap
discs and contacts;
a terminal board having thereon a plurality of contacts matching
said contacts on said strip;
means for mounting said strip with respect to said board comprising
a holder for attaching one edge of said strip in fixed relation to
said board so that the remainder of said strip can deflect as a
cantilever about said one edge toward said board; and
deflecting means comprising a plurality of buttons mounted on said
snap discs for deflecting said remainder of said strip toward said
board and snapping said discs to effect closure of said contacts
and provide a tactile response feedback of said closure.
3. A tactile response switch comprising, in combination:
a strip of conductive spring material having thereon a snap disc
and a contact;
a terminal board having thereon a contact matching said contact on
said strip;
means for mounting said strip with respect to said board comprising
a holder for receiving one end of said strip and attaching said one
end in fixed relation to said board so that the remainder of said
strip can deflect as a cantilever about said one end toward said
board; and
deflecting means comprising a button mounted on said snap disc for
deflecting said remainder of said strip toward said board and
snapping said disc to effect closure of said contacts and provide a
tactile response feedback of said closure.
4. A tactile response switch comprising, in combination:
a strip of conductive spring material having thereon at least one
snap disc and at least one contact;
a terminal board having at least one contact thereon matching said
one contact on said strip;
means including a cover plate for mounting said strip to said board
between said plate and said board, said plate holding a portion of
said strip in fixed relation to said board, said plate being spaced
from said board so that the remainder of said strip can move
therebetween and can deflect as a cantilever toward said board;
and
means for deflecting said remainder of said strip toward said board
and snapping said disc to effect closure of said contacts and
provide a tactile response feedback of said closure, said plate
including an opening in which said deflecting means is slideably
mounted.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to electrical switches and more particularly
to switches which provide a tactile response feedback on switch
operation.
2. Description of the Prior Art
With increasing miniaturization of electrical apparatus, switches
having very small operating forces and having limited deflections
are finding increasing usage. From the human factors standpoint it
is often desirable, or even necessary, that some type of feedback
on switch operation or switch contact closure be provided to the
switch operator. Otherwise, it may not be possible for the operator
to ascertain when the switch has been properly operated.
Various types of feedback such as visual, audible, and tactile have
been employed. One example of a tactile response feedback is that
provided by snap switches. These snap switches utilize spring
devices such as belleville washers to obtain the snap action which
provides a tactile response.
Presently available snap switches have limitations which prevent
their effective use in some applications. One such limitation is
the short contact closure times which may not be sufficient for
applications such as telephone pushbutton dials. Another limitation
is the sensitivity of the switch parameters such as operating
forces to variations caused by manufacturing tolerances in the
characteristics of the snap disc. Still another limitation is the
unreliable contact properties which result from the absence of a
wiping action on the contacts.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to improve switches
for providing a tactile response feedback.
A more specific object is to provide a tactile response switch
suitable for use where extended switch closure times are
required.
Another specific object is to reduce the sensitivity of the tactile
response switch parameters to manufacturing variations in the snap
disc.
Still another object is to improve the quality of the electrical
connection provided by the tactile response switch contacts.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing objects and others are achieved in accordance with
the invention by the use of a switch which has the combined
characteristics of a snap disc or spring and a cantilever spring.
The combined snap disc and cantilever characteristics give improved
contact properties by providing such features as longer contact
closure times and contact wiping action. The snap spring
characteristics provide the desired tactile response feedback on
switch operation. The snap spring and cantilever are combined in a
unitary structure which is operable by a single switch button. The
characteristics of the snap spring and the cantilever are tailored
to obtain desired operating parameters, such as operating forces,
which are essentially independent of switch button deflection.
Independent sets of contacts which are operable by a single switch
button can be added to the unitary structure and a desired sequence
of closures for these independent sets of contacts can be
prescribed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The invention will be more fully comprehended from the following
detailed description and accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a multi-switch dial
utilizing the principles of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the spring contact sheet along
direction 2--2 of FIG. 1 from which the functioning of the
multi-switch dial can be more readily understood;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment of a spring
contact sheet which can advantageously be utilized when completely
independent switches or rows of switches are desired; and
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of switch apparatus utilizing the
principles of the invention to obtain multiple independent switches
each of which may have a plurality of independent sets of contacts
which are operable by a single switch button.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to FIG. 1 there is shown a dial 101 such as might be
used in a pushbutton telephone set. The dial comprises a contact
board 2 having a plurality of contacts 4 thereon which are
connected to electrical signals. Contact board 2 can comprise a
standard printed circuit board and the connection of the electrical
signals to contacts 4 can be made by techniques well known in the
printed circuit art. A contact 4 can be separated into a plurality
of smaller contacts 7 and 9 to achieve a multiple-make switch.
Contact board 2 can also have a second series of contacts 5 which
are connected to other electrical signals.
A spring contact sheet 6 is placed on top of board 2 and is
electrically connected thereto along a center strip 8 which
normally comprises a common or ground strip. Sheet 6 constitutes a
single conductor or plane which normally comprises a common or
ground plane. Sheet 6 has contacts 10, more clearly shown in FIG.
2, which are aligned with respective contacts 4 when sheet 6 is
positioned on board 2. Thus, when corresponding contacts 4 and 10
are electrically connected an electrical path for the signals
connected to contacts 4 is completed. Spring sheet 6 can
advantageously be made from a material such as phosphor bronze or
beryllium copper.
Sheet 6 has formed therein a plurality of discs or springs 12 which
have characteristics similar to belleville washers or springs known
in the art. When the height-to-thickness ratio of a disc 12 falls
within the range from approximately .sqroot.2 to 2.sqroot.2 the
disc exhibits the snap action properties which have been utilized
in the snap switches known in the prior art. This snap action
provides a good tactile response. The presence of connecting arms
14, which join the individual discs 12 to the remainder of sheet 6,
have no appreciable effect on this snap action. When contacts 5 are
used on board 2, discs 12 also have contact areas 11 around the
inner periphery thereof which are aligned with contacts 5. Thus,
when contacts 5 and 11 are closed the signals connected to contacts
5 also have a completed circuit.
A top plate or housing 16 fastens spring sheet 6 to board 2 along
center strip 8. Holes 20 on plate 16 are aligned with holes 22 on
board 2 and standard hardware such as screw fasteners hold plate 16
and board 2 together and sandwich sheet 6 therebetween. Plane 16
contains a plurality of openings 18 which are aligned with discs 12
when plate 16, sheet 6 and board 2 are joined together. Operating
plungers or buttons 24 are mounted in holes 18 for applying
operating forces to discs 12 to close the contacts. Plate 16 and
buttons 24 advantageously can be made of a suitable material such
as cycolac.
As is shown more clearly in FIG. 2, sheet 6 has a bend 26 formed
down the center thereof so that the sides 28 and 30 do not normally
lie flat between plate 16 and board 2 when the switch is assembled.
Thus, sides 28 and 30 can deflect as cantilevers which are mounted
along center strip 8.
When a button 24 is pressed, a force is transmitted to side 28 (or
side 30 depending upon the location of button 24) which tends to
deflect side 28 as a cantilever while simultaneously tending to
deflect and snap a respective disc 12. If side 28 is sufficiently
deflected as a cantilever, contacts 10 will mate with contacts 4 on
board 2. Likewise, if disc 12 is sufficiently deflected it will
snap through and contacts 11 will mate with contacts 5. The snap
through action also provides the needed tactile response feedback
to switch operation.
The particular sequence in which contacts 4 and 10 and contacts 11
and 5 close depends upon the characteristics of cantilever side 28
and snap disc 12, i.e., spring constants, thicknesses,
height-to-thickness ratio, location of button 24 with respect to
bend 26, and the separation of the mating pairs of contacts. Thus,
any desired sequence of closures can be easily established by
proper selection of the controlling factors. For example, contacts
4 and 10 can be designed to close before, during, or after snap
through of disc 12 and the resulting closure of contacts 5 and 11.
When extended closure times for specified circuits are needed, such
as in the generation of telephone dialing signals, they can be
obtained by connecting such circuits to contacts 4 and 10 and
having these contacts close after only a very small force is
applied to button 24. These contacts 4 and 10 will then remain
closed during snap through and recovery of disc 12 to provide the
required extended closure times. Circuits requiring shorter closure
times can be connected to contacts 5 and 11. The snap through
action provides the tactile response feedback that all contact
closures have been made.
The contacts on the cantilever normally provide a better quality
electrical connection than do the contacts on snap disc because of
the wiping action inherent in the cantilever contacts and the
increased contact area which can be provided. Thus, these
cantilever contacts can be used for the more critical electrical
circuits.
When both a cantilever and a snap disc are utilized, as in this
invention, the heretofore difficult job of tailoring the snap disc
to particular switch applications is made considerably easier. When
the combination is used a nominal design of the snap disc for many
applications can be selected and the switch parameters desired for
the specific applications can be obtained by varying the
characteristics of the cantilever since the switch parameters are
less sensitive to changes in cantilever characteristics than to
changes in the snap disc characteristics.
The dial of FIG. 1 utilizes a unitary spring sheet 6 having two
rows of snap disc 12 in the longitudinal direction. Such a design
provides significant manufacturing economy when such a switch
arrangement can be utilized. FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of an
alternative design for a spring sheet which advantageously can be
utilized when completely independent contacts or independent rows
of contacts are desired. Spring members 36 are mounted in slots 34
in a holder 32 by means of standard hardware 44 such as screws or
rivets. Holder 32 can comprise a plastic holder such as
polyethylene. Spring members 36 can comprise individual thin
cantilever strips having only one snap disc 38, or alternatively,
members 36 can comprise a cantilever spring sheet having a row of
discs 38, i.e., a structure similar to one-half of the spring sheet
6 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Individual cantilever strips are
advantageous where complete independence between all switches of a
dial is desired, whereas the single row cantilever sheet can be
utilized where some relation between switches of a particular row
is desired but the switches of that row are to be completely
independent of switches in other rows. Spring member 36 has a bend
42 adjacent holder 32 which imparts the proper configuration for
effective cantilever action. Member 36 has contacts 40 which are
the same as or similar to contacts 10 on sheet 6. Snap disc 38 also
has contacts 46 around its periphery and operates in the same
manner to provide a tactile feedback at snap through as do discs
12. Thus, the design of FIG. 3 can be connected in a dial switch as
shown in FIG. 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 shows an alternative design for obtaining a plurality of
independent contacts controlled by a single button. This design
utilizes a multilayer structure having more than one layer of
spring members. A holder 48 has mounted therein a spring member 49
having a snap disc 50 with associated contacts 56, 58, and 60.
Button 52 mounted on disc 50 deflects spring member 49 and snaps
disc 50 as previously described to close contacts 56, 58, and 60
with mating contacts 57, 59, and 61, respectively.
Button 52 has a pin 64 projecting through hole 54 of disc 50 and
through plate 63 which is connected to a second plunger or button
66. Button 66 deflects a second spring member 68 to close other
contacts 70 and 72 in the same manner as previously described when
button 52 causes disc 50 to snap through.
While the invention has been described with respect to specific
embodiments thereof it is to be understood that various
modifications thereto might be made by those skilled in the art
without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. For example,
the contacts have been shown as normally open with closure effected
by deflection of the cantilever and snap through of the snap disc.
The contacts could as readily be normally closed contacts which are
opened by cantilever deflection and disc snap through. In either
case, the design is based upon the principles that more desirable
contact properties and less sensitivity to manufacturing variations
can be obtained by the use of a cantilever structure whereas the
tactile response feedback required from a human factors standpoint
can be obtained by the use of a snap disc.
* * * * *