U.S. patent number 3,673,334 [Application Number 05/126,028] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-27 for antenna for use with an audio induction communication system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Educational Service Programs, Inc.. Invention is credited to Justin L. Turner.
United States Patent |
3,673,334 |
Turner |
June 27, 1972 |
ANTENNA FOR USE WITH AN AUDIO INDUCTION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Abstract
An antenna for use with an audio induction communication system
provides a communication field of substantially uniform strength at
all points within a given pick-up zone along which
receiver-equipped persons are expected to travel or within which
such persons are expected to stand while receiving a message
through their receivers. The antenna comprises a continuous wire
located in the vicinity of the pick-up zone and preferably buried
beneath the surface of the earth defining the pick-up zone. The
wire is disposed in a plurality of loops each of which loops
includes two portions crossing the zone at two different points,
such zone-crossing loop portions being arranged so as to include a
spaced series of such portions located along the length of the zone
and through which the exciting current passes in the same
direction, those zone-crossing loop portions through which the
exciting current passes in the opposite direction being closely
grouped together at one end of the zone.
Inventors: |
Turner; Justin L. (Branford,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Educational Service Programs,
Inc. (New Haven, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
22422617 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/126,028 |
Filed: |
March 19, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
343/719; 343/866;
381/79 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04B
5/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04B
5/00 (20060101); H04b 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;179/82
;343/866,867 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,666,705 |
|
Feb 1952 |
|
GB |
|
1,467,234 |
|
Dec 1965 |
|
FR |
|
Primary Examiner: Cooper; William C.
Assistant Examiner: Helvestine; William A.
Claims
I claim:
1. An antenna for use with an audio induction communication system
for producing a communication field in the vicinity of a given
pickup zone, said antenna comprising a continuous wire wound in one
direction of winding to form a plurality of loops, each of said
loops including a first portion which extends across said zone
along one line common to all of such first portions, and each of
said loops including a second portion which extends across said
path along a respective one of a plurality of other lines extending
across said zone, said other lines being generally parallel to said
one line and spaced from one another along the length of said
zone.
2. An antenna as defined in claim 1 further characterized by all of
said second portions of said loops being located on the same side
of said first line.
3. An antenna as defined in claim 1 for use with a generally
four-sided pickup zone including two end edges and two side edges
and further characterized by said one line being located along one
of said end edges and said one line and said other lines extending
generally perpendicular to said side edges, each of said loops
including other portions extending between said first and second
portions, said other portions being spaced outwardly from the
adjacent side edge of said zone by a distance which is substantial
in comparison to the width of said zone.
4. An antenna as defined in claim 1 further characterized by said
other lines being spaced from one another along the length of said
zone by spacing intervals having lengths falling within the range
of 6 inches to 2 feet.
5. An antenna as defined in claim 1 for use with a generally
four-sided pickup zone including two end edges and two side edges
and further characterized by each of said loops including third and
fourth portions extending between said first and second portions,
said third and fourth portions of said loops being spaced outwardly
from the adjacent side edge of said zone by a distance greater than
2 feet.
6. An antenna as defined in claim 1 further characterized by
additional wire wound to form an additional plurality of loops
duplicating several times over said first-mentioned plurality of
loops.
7. An antenna as defined in claim 6 further characterized by all of
said loops being connected in series with one another.
8. An antenna as defined in claim 6 further characterized by said
loops including a first set connected in series with one another
and a second set connected in series with one another, and means
connecting said first and second sets in parallel to one
another.
9. An antenna for use with an audio induction communication system,
said antenna comprising a continuous wire disposed relative to a
given four-sided area in such a fashion as to form a plurality of
four-legged loops, said four-sided area having first and second end
edges and first and second side edges, and each of said loops
having a first leg extending generally along said first end edge of
said four-sided area, a second leg extending at least partially
along said first side edge from said first end edge toward said
second end edge, a third leg extending from said first side edge to
said second side edge, and a fourth leg extending along said second
side edge from said fourth leg toward said first end edge, said
third legs of said loops being spaced from one another along the
length of said first and second side edges, all of said loops being
wound in the same direction relative to said four-sided area so
that when an electrical current is passed through said wire said
current in flowing through all of said first legs of said loops
moves in one direction relative to said two side edges and in
flowing through all of said third legs of said loops moves in the
opposite direction relative to said two side edges.
10. An antenna for an audio-induction communication system for
producing a communication field in the vicinity of a given pick-up
zone, said antenna comprising a continuous wire disposed in a
plurality of loops each of which loops includes two portions
crossing said zone at two different points, said loops therefore
defining one set of zone-crossing portions through which the
exciting current passes in one direction and a second set of
zone-crossing portions through which the exciting current passes in
the opposite direction, said first set of zone-crossing portions
being spaced from one another along the length of said zone and
said second set of zone-crossing portions being grouped together at
one end of said zone.
11. An antenna as defined in claim 10 further characterized by said
pick-up zone being close to the surface of the ground and said wire
being buried in the ground.
12. An antenna for use with an audio induction communication
system, said antenna involving a generally four-sided wire path
having two end edges, two side edges and a plurality of lines
extending between said two side edges arranged generally parallel
to one another and to said end edges and spaced from one another
along the length of said area as measured between said two end
edges, said antenna comprising a wire making at least one pass
along said wire path, such pass consisting of a plurality of loops
each of which loops includes one portion extending generally along
one of said one edges and another portion extending along a
respective one of said plurality of lines.
13. An antenna as defined in claim 12 further characterized by said
wire being disposed in a number of passes around said wire
path.
14. An antenna as defined in claim 12 further characterized by said
wire being part of a multi-conductor cable, said cable making one
complete pass along said wire path.
15. An antenna as defined in claim 14 further characterized by said
multi-conductor cable having two adjacent ends across which ends
its individual conductors are connected together to form a single
plurality of series connected passes around said wire path.
16. An antenna as defined in claim 14 further characterized by said
multi-conductor cable having two adjacent ends across which ends
its individual conductors are connected together to form a
plurality of parallel connected sets of passes around said wire
path.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to audio induction communication systems
wherein audio frequency messages are transmitted to
receiver-equipped persons through a magnetic communication field
the strength of which varies at a frequency directly related to the
frequency of the transmitted message, and deals more particularly
with an antenna for use in such a system for establishing the
magnetic communication field.
The antenna of this invention may be used in various different
situations, but is particularly well adapted for use in cases where
it is desired to provide one or more communication fields in an
outdoor setting. Such a setting may, for example, be an historical
site, such as an old restored village, where it is desired to
provide receiver-equipped visitors with informative messages as
they walk along certain paths or as they stand within a given area
viewing a given building or other exhibit feature. Generally, in
such a case the pick-up zone within which the communication field
exists should be relatively large and of course the strength of the
field should be substantially uniform throughout such zone so that
the message is received at the same volume level throughout the
zone. In the case of a path, for example, it may be desirable to
have visitors pick up a particular message as they walk or
otherwise travel along such a path for a distance of 100 or 200
feet or more, and the antenna of this invention has been found to
serve this purpose very well.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention resides in an antenna for use with an audio
induction communication system and wherein such antenna comprises a
continuous wire making at least one complete circuit along a wire
path arranged relative to a given four-sided area, which includes
the pick-up zone within which a magnetic communication field is to
be established, in such a fashion as to form a plurality of loops.
The four-sided area has a base line extending across one end
thereof and also has a number of other lines extending thereacross
generally parallel to the base line and spaced from one another
along the length of the area. Each loop of the wire path has one
leg or portion extending along the base line and a second leg or
portion extending along a respective one of the other lines, and
the disposition of the wire along the loops is such that when a
current is passed through the wire the current in passing along
said second portions of said loops flows in one direction across
said four-sided area and the current in passing along said first
portions of said loops flows in the opposite direction across said
area. Preferably, the wire makes a number of circuits along such
wire path and is constituted by a flat multi-conductor cable
wherein the conductors are located in a common plane, the cable
preferably being arranged so that said common plane of the
conductors is generally perpendicular to the plane of said
four-sided area.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an audio induction
antenna installation using an antenna embodying this invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the layout of an antenna embodying this
invention and generally similar to that of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of an abbreviated antenna embodying this
invention and showing the manner in which the wire comprising the
antenna is disposed relative to the zone within which it is desired
to establish a communication field.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view taken generally on the
line 4--4 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view showing a
portion of the multi-conductor cable of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the manner in which the ends
of the multi-conductor cable are connected one to another to form
an antenna having one continuous path for the current flowing
therethrough.
FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of the antenna of FIG. 3 showing
the general nature of the magnetic communication field established
thereby and as encountered by a viewer.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the components of a
transmitting system with which the antenna of this invention may be
used.
FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 6 but shows the way in which the
ends of a multi-conductor cable are connected to form two parallel
circuits for current supplied to the antenna.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The antenna of this invention is one adapted to produce a magnetic
communication field within a relatively large pickup zone and
comprises essentially an electrical conductor or wire arranged in a
large number of loops, the loops being of different sizes and with
portions of different loops being dispersed throughout the pick-up
zone. The antenna may be installed in various different ways
depending on the nature of the pickup zone with which it is to be
used, and it may be used either indoors or outdoors. Generally, it
is located in a substantially horizontal plane, but this is not
necessary and in some cases it may also be located in a vertical
plane as, for example, by being located behind the wall of a
building. In a typical installation, however, the antenna is used
outdoors and is buried slightly below the surface of the ground
which includes the desired pickup zone. Such an installation is
shown, for example, in FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, the antenna there shown is indicated at 10 and
is used to provide a magnetic communication field within a pick-up
zone defined by a given length of a path 12. The path 12 is one
along which visitors, such as those shown at 14, 14, walk while
viewing a nearby house 16. The persons 14, 14 wear headpieces
containing audio induction receivers, and the antenna 10 is
properly excited, as hereinafter explained, to transmit a message
to the persons 14, 14 concerning the house 16 or other features
visible from the pick-up zone. The antenna 10 is buried beneath the
surface of the ground and extends some distance to either side of
the path. In FIG. 1 the length of the antenna 10 along the path is,
for convenience, shown to be relatively short. However, it need not
be this short and may have a length of as much as two hundred feet
or more.
FIG. 2 shows in plan view an antenna 20 embodying this invention
and which is similar to the antenna 10 of FIG. 1 except for being
of a longer length. In FIG. 2 the reference numeral 22 indicates a
path with which the antenna 20 is used, the pickup zone being
generally the portion of the path 22 located between the ends of
the antenna. The antenna 20 consists of a large number of loops of
a continuous wire conductor arranged along lines defining a
generally four-sided area embracing the pickup zone. This
four-sided area includes two sides 24 and 26 and two ends 28 and
30. Between the ends 28 and 30 are a large number of other lines
32, 32 spaced from one another along the length of the area and
extending between the sides 24 and 26 parallel to the sides 28 and
30. The wire constituting the antenna may make one or more complete
passes around the path of lines shown in FIG. 2. In any one such
pass the wire consists of a plurality of loops and each of these
loops includes one leg extending along the end 28 and another leg
extending along a respective one of the lines 32, 32. Therefore,
for each complete pass of the wire the end 28 has extending
therealong a number of wire portions equal to the number of lines
32, 32 and 30 and each line 32 has extending therealong one wire
portion. The arrows in FIG. 2 indicate the direction of current
flow for one polarity of excitation and from this it will be noted
that the current flowing through the end 28 flows in a direction
opposite the direction in which the current flows through the lines
32, 32, and 30, the current in all of the latter lines flowing in
the same direction. The input lines to the antenna 20 are indicated
at 34, 34.
To better understand the manner in which the wire is disposed to
form an antenna such as that shown at 20 in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 shows
the manner in which the antenna 20 would be wound if it included
only four lines 32, 32. In FIG. 3 the continuous conductor is
indicated at 36, and from viewing this figure it will be noted
that, starting from the point A, the wire first extends along the
side line 24 to the common base or end line 28 and then forms a
loop including a first leg or portion extending along the line 28
and another leg or portion extending along the first line 32 to the
left of the line 28, the loop also including two portions extending
along the side lines 24 and 26, respectively. The wire is then
continued on to form another loop including one portion extending
along the line 28 and another portion extending along the next line
32. This formation of loops is continued, with each loop being of a
progressively larger size than the preceding one and having a
portion extending along the next line 32, until reaching the end
line 30. Upon reaching the point B of the end line 30 the winding
of one complete pass of the wire along the wire path is complete,
and if the antenna is to consist of more than one such pass, the
wire may be extended from the point B to the point A and from there
through the additional desired pass or passes.
Preferably, the antenna does include a large number of passes of
the wire through the wire path so that each line 30 and 32 of the
path includes more than one conductor. FIG. 4 is a perspective view
taken generally on the line 4--4 of FIG. 2 and shows the preferred
manner of constructing the antenna in the case where the continuous
wire makes a large number of passes around the wire path. As shown
in this figure the wire is preferably part of a flat
multi-conductor cable 38, and as shown more clearly in FIG. 5 the
multi-conductor cable consists of 16 conductors or wires 40, 40. In
making the antenna 20 from the cable 38 the cable is disposed along
the path of lines shown in FIG. 2, in the manner of FIG. 3, in one
pass. Then, at the two ends of the cable the various conductors 40,
40 are connected to one another and to the input lines 34, 34 in
the manner shown in FIG. 6, the lines 42, 42 in FIG. 6 indicating
the connections made between the conductors 40, 40 at the ends of
the cable. Therefore, it will be obvious from FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 that
by merely laying one pass of the cable 38 and then connecting the
conductors 40, 40 in the manner of FIG. 6 the end result is to
obtain 16 series connected passes of the wire around the wire
path.
FIG. 7 shows the general nature of the magnetic communication field
produced by the antenna 20 when excited by an audio frequency
signal. In this figure the lines 44, 44 represent the magnetic flux
established by the current flowing through the wire of the antenna,
the view of FIG. 7 being taken generally along the center of the
path 22. From FIG. 7 it will therefore be noted that a viewer in
walking down the path 22 encounters a substantially uniform
magnetic field throughout the major portion of the length of the
path and until approaching very close to the end 28. Therefore, the
message transmitted to him is received at a substantially constant
volume along such major portion of the length of the path. Magnetic
fields are also established by the current flowing through the wire
located along the side lines 24 and 26 of FIG. 2, and in order to
prevent these fields from interfering with the field in the desired
pickup zone, the side lines 24 and 26 are preferably located, as
shown, a substantial distance outwardly beyond the edges of the
path 22.
In a typical installation, the path 22 of FIG. 2 may be 10 feet
wide and the sides 24 and 26 spaced outwardly from the edges of the
path by a distance of 3 to 4 feet. Also, in such a case the length
of the path may be 200 feet with the spacing between the adjacent
transverse lines 32, 32 being approximately 6 inches to 1 foot. The
wire should be buried below the surface of the ground by a distance
sufficient to minimize the possibility of it being reached and cut
by gardening or other tools that might be expected to be used in
its vicinity, and generally a distance of about 6 inches or more
below the ground is satisfactory. Also, it is preferred to dispose
the multi-conductor cable 38 in such a fashion that the plane of
the conductors is generally perpendicular to the plane of the
pickup zone or path 22. That is, the cable 38 is preferably placed
vertically on edge as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 when used in an
in-ground installation.
FIG. 8 shows a complete audio induction transmitting system
utilizing the antenna 20 of FIG. 2. This system includes a tape
deck 46 which acts as a source of a suitable program of audible
informative material to be transmitted to the viewers. The output
from the tape deck is amplified by a power amplifier 48 and
transmitted to a line run transformer 50. The line run transformer
is connected to a line run 52 which transmits the output of the
line run transformer to an impedence matching transformer 54
located near and connected to the input of the antenna 20. The tape
deck 46, amplifier 48, and line run transformer 50 are located at a
program center from which a large number of programs may be sent to
a large number of antennas at different locations, and the line run
52 may be a line of considerable length. The purpose of the line
run transformer and the impedence matching transformer 54 is to
provide a high impedence at the input to the impedence matching
transformer 54 so as to keep the current through the line run low
to reduce loss of power. In a typical case, the input impedence of
a line run transformer is 4 or 8 ohms and its output impedence is
around 500 ohms. The impedence matching transformer 54 in turn has
an input impedence of around 500 ohms to match the output impedence
of the line run transformer and has an output impedence matching
the impedence of the antenna 20. The impedence of the antenna
depends on the type and length of wire used to make it and is
typically between 8 to 500 ohms.
If for a particular installation it is found that the impedence of
the antenna is too high if it is constituted of a single continuous
wire wound in a number of series connected passes around the wire
path, then the wire may be arranged to form two or more parallel
connected sets of passes. FIG. 9, for example, shows the manner in
which the multi-conductor cable of FIG. 6 may have its conductors
connected to one another at the ends of the cable and to the input
lines 34, 34 to form two parallel connected sets of passes around
the antenna path. That is, as shown in FIG. 9 the cable 32 includes
one set a of eight conductors 40, 40 which are connected to make
eight series connected passes around the antenna wire path, and it
also includes a second set b of another eight conductors 40, 40
which likewise make eight series connected passes around the wire
path. The two sets a and b are in turn connected in parallel to one
another and to the input leads 34, 34, the antenna therefore having
a substantially lower impedence than if connected in the manner of
FIG. 6.
* * * * *