U.S. patent number 3,672,077 [Application Number 05/097,491] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-27 for shoe construction and method.
Invention is credited to Kyle R. Coles.
United States Patent |
3,672,077 |
Coles |
June 27, 1972 |
SHOE CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD
Abstract
A shoe construction including a shoe sole having a plurality of
apertures therein. A cleat is removably attached in each aperture
and is formed of material having predetermined traction
characteristics. Thus, when the shoe construction is used, for
example, with bowling shoes, specific cleat compositions for right
or left shoes can be selected to best accommodate right or left
hand bowlers. The method includes selectively replacing
predetermined ones of the cleats with other cleats formed of
different material to incrementally change the gripping or traction
characteristics of the shoes.
Inventors: |
Coles; Kyle R. (Salt Lake City,
UT) |
Family
ID: |
22263649 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/097,491 |
Filed: |
December 14, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/134; 12/142P;
36/59B; 36/130 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B
13/26 (20130101); A43B 5/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A43B
13/14 (20060101); A43B 13/26 (20060101); A43B
5/00 (20060101); A43b 023/28 (); A43d 009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;36/2.5R,2.5T,32R,59R,59A,59B ;12/142R,142P |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawson; Patrick D.
Claims
What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters
Patent is:
1. A shoe construction comprising
a shoe upper;
a shoe sole mounted upon the shoe upper, the sole having a
plurality of spaced apertures therein; and
a plurality of cleats removably mounted within the spaced
apertures, at least one of the cleats being formed of material
having a coefficient of friction which differs from the coefficient
of friction of other of the cleats so that the slideability of the
shoe sole can be varied.
2. A shoe construction as defined in claim 1 wherein said apertures
are located adjacent the periphery of the shoe sole.
3. A shoe construction as claimed in claim 1 wherein said cleats
are removably mounted within the apertures with a male-female
coupling.
4. A shoe construction as defined in claim 1 wherein said cleats
are removably mounted within the apertures by a threaded
coupling.
5. A shoe construction as defined in claim 1 wherein said sole
comprises inner and outer layers, the inner layer presenting a
fabric and wherein said cleat presents another fabric, one of said
fabrics comprising a plurality of thread loops and the other of
said fabrics comprising a plurality of hooking members, said
hooking members and loops detachably joining the cleat to the sole
support.
6. A shoe construction as defined in claim 1 wherein at least one
of said cleat means, when mounted within the aperture, is flush
with the exposed surface of the shoe sole.
7. A shoe construction as defined in claim 1 wherein at least one
of said cleat means, when mounted within the aperture, projects
beyond the exposed surface of the sole.
8. A shoe sole construction for right and left shoes
comprising:
means for carrying the corresponding right or left sole upon the
feet of a user;
a shoe sole mounted upon both the right and left carrying means,
each shoe sole comprising a plurality of peripherally located,
substantially similarly configurated apertures;
cleat means comprising first and second types sized and
configurated to substantially fill the apertures, the first type of
cleat means being formed of material having a coefficient of
friction which differs from the coefficient of friction of the
second type; and
means for mounting the first type of cleat means in one of the
right or left carrying means and means for mounting the second type
of cleat means in the other of the right or left carrying
means.
9. A method of adjusting the amount of slideability accommodated
between a supporting surface and a shoe sole, the steps of:
providing a plurality of apertures in the sole of a shoe;
removably attaching a plurality of cleats at least one having a
different coefficient of friction than other of the cleats within
the apertures; and
selectively detaching at least one of the cleats and replacing the
one cleat with another cleat having a coefficient of friction
differing from at least one of the other cleats so as to vary the
slideability of the sole.
10. A method of manufacturing bowling shoes having general
application to both right and left hand bowlers, the steps of:
forming a plurality of attachment sites in the soles of each of the
right and left shoes;
providing cleat means comprising first and second types removably
mountable upon the attachment sites, the first type of cleat means
having one coefficient of friction and the second type of cleat
means having a different coefficient of friction; and
mounting the first type of cleat means in one of the right or left
shoes and the second type of cleat means in the other of the right
or left shoes.
Description
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a shoe construction and method and more
particularly to structure and method accommodating selective
adjustment of the traction provided by the shoe construction upon a
supporting surface.
2. The Prior Art
Historically, bowling shoes have been constructed so that the right
and left shoes have soles presenting different traction
characteristics. For example, a right handed bowler, upon
approaching the lane, normally prefers a certain amount of reduced
traction or slideability between his left shoe and the floor
allowing the bowler to glide on his left foot for a short space at
the termination of his approach to the lane. Conversely, a left
handed bowler prefers to have a certain degree of reduced traction
or slideability between his right foot and the floor.
It is also desirable for a right handed bowler to have a right
bowling shoe which firmly grips the floor during his approach to
the lane so that the bowler has sufficient traction to properly
position his body when the ball is cast. The left handed bowler
normally prefers a high traction capability between his left
bowling shoe and the floor. It is well-known that the diversity of
traction requirements required for the shoes of right and left hand
bowlers has made it essential that distributors of bowling shoes
maintain an inventory of shoes specially made for left hand bowlers
in addition to the shoes required for right hand bowlers. Further,
the necessity of maintaining an inventory of shoes for both right
and left hand bowlers has substantially increased the inventory
cost and space requirements which must be provided by shoe
distributors. Unfortunately, because there are fewer left hand
bowlers than right hand bowlers many distributors of bowling shoes
have chosen to reduce costs by stocking and selling only a minimum
variety of shoe styles and sizes for left hand bowlers.
In addition, it is well-known that the floor surfaces of the
approach lane of the bowling alley normally used by a bowler during
play are very often variable in their adhesiveness, sometimes being
excessively smooth or slippery and other times being excessively
rough, tacky or sticky. Where the sliding sole of the bowler's shoe
is of constant composition, the player may slip on excessively
smooth surfaces, and excessively rough or sticky surfaces may
impede the bowler's movement over the floor. In either event, the
cast of the bowling ball into the alley may be interfered with to
such an extent as to materially affect the score of the bowler.
Efforts have been made in the past to minimize this problem by
providing a removable sole which allows for substitution of another
sole having different traction characteristics. See, for example,
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,640,283 and 3,027,661.
Teachings of the prior art have not, however, overcome the problem
of distributing different types of shoes for both right and left
hand bowlers. Additionally, the prior art solutions to the above
set forth problems require that a bowler carry with him replaceable
soles so that the bowler may select among them the sole most
appropriate for the particular surface condition of the approach
lane.
BRIEF SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, including structure and method, accommodates
manufacture of essentially identical shoes for both right and left
hand bowlers which may be easily adapted for right or left hand use
at the moment of purchase or at any convenient time thereafter.
Further, the present invention accommodates changes in the traction
capability of various selected portions of the sole of the
shoe.
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to
provide an improved shoe construction.
It is another primary object of the present invention to provide a
method of selectively adjusting the traction accommodated between a
shoe sole and a supporting surface.
These and other objects and features of the present invention will
become more fully apparent from the following description and
appended claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one presently preferred shoe
construction;
FIG. 2 is a perspective illustration similar to the view of FIG. 1
of an opposite hand shoe with traction cleats shown in exploded
relation to the shoe;
FIG. 3 is a cross-section taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 4-6 respectively illustrate alternative ways of removably
attaching the cleats in the corresponding apertures;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are bottom plan views illustrating other presently
preferred cleat positions; and
FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate the method of adjusting the traction
accommodated on portions of each shoe by the cleats.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention is best understood by reference to the Figures
wherein like parts are designated with like numerals throughout.
Although the present invention has application to shoe
constructions utilized for a variety of purposes, the following
description relates to bowling shoes which are exemplary of the
type of application in which the invention may be utilized.
THE EMBODIMENT OF FIGS. 1-6
FIG. 1 illustrates a bowling shoe generally designated 20 having a
shoe upper 22 as is conventional. The upper 22 is mounted on a shoe
sole generally designated 24 covering the entire bottom of the shoe
and also presenting an attachment site for the heel 26. The shoe
sole 24 is preferably formed of leather or suitable leather
substitute.
A complementarily configurated "right" shoe generally designated 28
is shown in FIG. 2. The right shoe 28, including sole 25, is
essentially identical to the left shoe 20 and sole 24 shown in FIG.
1 except that the shoe 28 and sole 25 are opposite hand. As best
shown in FIG. 2, the sole 25 is provided with apertures 28, 30, 32
and 34. Although any desired plurality of apertures could be used,
four apertures are shown in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1
and 2. The apertures 28, 30, 32 and 34 are, for example, annular in
configuration and are adapted to receive corresponding cleats 36,
38, 40 and 42.
Referring again to FIG. 1, it can be appreciated that similar
cleats 44, 46, 48 and 50 are disposed in corresponding apertures
52, 54, 56 and 58 in sole 24.
The cleats in the sole 24 differ from the cleats in the sole 25
principally in the amount of traction developed between the cleat
and the floor of the approach lane to a bowling alley. One of the
ways in which the difference in traction between the cleats in sole
24 and the cleats of sole 25 may be represented is through the
coefficient of friction. In this specification, the coefficient of
friction between a cleat and the floor is the ratio of the force
required to move the cleat over the floor to the total force
pressing the cleat and floor together.
In the illustrated embodiments, the darkly shaded cleats are
intended to represent material having a greater coefficient of
friction than the lightly shaded cleats. For example, cleats 44,
46, 48 and 50 may be formed of the same type of leather as sole 24.
Cleats 36, 38, 40 and 42 may be formed of a non-skid rubber. Thus,
when all of the cleats are properly secured in place, the shoes 20
and 28 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are most appropriately used by a
right hand bowler since the left shoe 20 develops less traction and
therefore allows a greater degree of slideability than the right
shoe 28.
The attachment of the cleat in its corresponding aperture can best
be understood by reference to FIGS. 3-6. Referring to FIG. 3, the
sole 24 has an outer floor-engaging layer 60 and an inner layer 62.
Normally, the inner and outer layers are stitched together as at 64
(FIGS. 1 and 2). At the interface of the layers 60 and 62, a layer
of fabric 66 is bonded. Preferably, the fabric 66 is bonded to the
layer 62 and presents outwardly projecting tiny loops. The normally
concealed surface 68 of the cleat 50 is bonded to a second fabric
material formed of a plurality of small hooks or split loops 70.
Together, the hooks 70 and fabric 66 form a fastener known by the
trademark Velcro manufactured by American Velcro, Inc.
Advantageously, the Velcro fastening accommodates facile detachment
of the cleat 50 and replacement of the cleat 50 or another cleat
having a different coefficient of friction for the purpose
subsequently more fully described. Also, as can be appreciated by
reference to FIG. 3, the cleat 50 projects a short distance beyond
the periphery of the floor-engaging layer 60. Alternatively, if
desired, the cleat 50 may be substituted with a similar cleat 72
which is configured so as to remain flush with the layer 60 as
shown in FIG. 4.
If desired, the detachable couplings illustrated in FIGS. 5 or 6
could be used. In the FIG. 5 embodiment, the outer floor-engaging
layer 60 is bonded, sewn or otherwise permanently secured directly
to the layer 62. The aperture 58 projects completely through the
layer 60 and is terminated by the layer 62. An annular disc 74 is
bonded or otherwise permanently secured to the layer 62 at the
bottom of aperture 58. Preferably, the shank of a screw or other
threaded shaft 76 is immovably mounted in the disc 74 essentially
central thereof. The shaft 76 is received in mating relation by an
internally threaded insert 78 which has been bonded centrally
within the cleat 80. Thus, the cleat 80 may be removed by rotating
the cleat relative to the shank 76 until the shank becomes
disengaged from the insert 78.
The FIG. 6 embodiment is similar to the embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 5 except that in FIG. 6 a disc 82 is mounted at the base of
aperture 58, disc 82 having an integral outwardly projecting male
coupling 84. The male coupling 84 is releasably received in mating
relation by female coupling 86. Coupling 86 comprises an insert
bonded centrally within the cleat 90. The female coupling 86 is
preferably formed of yieldable material with memory and has a
diametrally reduced orifice 88 so that the cleat 90 may be
"snapped" into position in the aperture 58. As can be appreciated,
if the apertures 58 or any of the other apertures in the shoes 20
and 28 (FIGS. 1 and 2) are other than annular in configuration, the
discs 74 and 82 may be of any suitable complementary configuration.
Furthermore, although the drawings illustrate the aperture 58 as
penetrating the entire thickness of layer 60, it is also
contemplated that the aperture be a recess extending into the layer
60 less than the entire thickness of the layer.
THE EMBODIMENTS OF FIGS. 7 AND 8
The FIG. 7 embodiment illustrates cleats 92, 94 and 96 arranged in
a sole 98 so that cleats 92 and 94 are directly over the ball of
the foot and cleat 96 is adjacent the toe. However, as shown in
FIG. 8, it is also desirable to locate cleats 100, 102 and 104 in
sole 106 so that the traction developed by the cleats is
exclusively in the region of the ball of the foot. This leaves the
toe portion 108 of the sole free of traction modifying cleats.
THE METHOD
According to the presently preferred method embodiment of the
invention, the traction created by either the left or right shoe
may be incrementally changed at specific locations on the sole of
the shoe to maximize the efficiency of the shoe sole during
use.
The method can best be understood by reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.
FIG. 9 illustrates sole 24 (also shown in FIG. 1) with cleats 36,
38 and 40 substituted for cleats 44, 46 and 48. In the illustrated
embodiment, cleats 36, 38 and 40 have a greater coefficient of
friction than cleats 44, 46 and 48.
Similarly, sole 25 (shown also in FIG. 2) carries cleats 44, 46 and
48 which have replaced corresponding cleats 36, 38 and 40 (FIG. 2).
Cleats 44, 46 and 48 have a coefficient of friction which is less
than the coefficient of friction of cleats 36, 38 and 40. Thus, it
can be appreciated that the sole 24 now accommodates greater
traction than the sole 25. The same shoes 20 and 28 may, therefore,
be used by a left hand bowler when the cleats are arranged as
illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10. It should be apparent that although
cleats 42 and 50, shown in FIGS. 10 and 9, respectively, have not
been exchanged in the illustrated embodiment, such an exchange is
clearly within the scope of this invention.
The presently preferred method embodiment of the invention also
accommodates selective adjustment of specific areas of the sole 24
or 25 to present a greater traction than another area of the sole.
For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the outside periphery of the sole
has increased traction because cleats 36, 38 and 40 have a greater
coefficient of friction. Similarly, cleat 50, at the instep of the
sole, has a reduced coefficient of friction to accommodate greater
maneuverability. If the approach lane to the bowling alley upon
which the sole 24 is used is comparatively sticky or tacky, any
selected one of the cleats 36, 38 or 40 may be replaced with
another cleat (not shown) having a reduced coefficient of friction.
Similarly, any two of the cleats 36, 38 or 40 may be replaced with
other cleats having a reduced coefficient of friction.
Thus, the illustrated and described method uniquely provides a way
of adjusting the total traction accommodated by a shoe sole to
correspond to the particular floor or other supporting surface.
Moreover, selected portions of the shoe sole may be provided with
cleats having a coefficient of friction which maximizes the
effectiveness and utility of the shoe.
It should be appreciated that while the cleats disclosed in this
specification have generally been referred to as having a greater
coefficient of friction than the material forming the sole of the
shoes, the inverse could as well be equally appropriate. For
example, the leather or leather substitute material forming shoe
soles 24 and 25 may have a very high coefficient of friction
accommodating a high degree of traction. Cleats mounted in the shoe
soles may have a coefficient of friction which is incrementally
reduced over that material forming the sole. In that event, the
cleats would be selected to provide greater slideability rather
than greater traction. Moreover, although not illustrated in the
drawings, cleats may be provided in the heel of the shoe, when
desired.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without
departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The
described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as
illustrative and not restrictive and the scope of the invention is,
therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the
foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning
and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within
their scope.
* * * * *