U.S. patent number 3,671,980 [Application Number 05/117,027] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-27 for fluid pressure clamp for prosthetic appliance.
Invention is credited to Lincoln F. Baird.
United States Patent |
3,671,980 |
Baird |
June 27, 1972 |
FLUID PRESSURE CLAMP FOR PROSTHETIC APPLIANCE
Abstract
The securing of an artificial limb to an amputated limb by means
of a yieldable binding between the artifice and the amputated limb,
affording freedom of articulation of a condylar joint therein
without chafing of the skin or exerting painful pressures thereto;
the yieldable binding being a self-contained built-in fluid
pressure wedge with a source of compressible fluid and control
means therefor.
Inventors: |
Baird; Lincoln F. (Santa
Monica, CA) |
Family
ID: |
22370618 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/117,027 |
Filed: |
February 19, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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59480 |
Jul 30, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
623/37 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
2/80 (20130101); A61F 2/7843 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
2/50 (20060101); A61F 2/80 (20060101); A61F
2/78 (20060101); A61f 001/02 (); A61f 001/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;3/20,17R,17SS,18,19,1.2,2 ;128/DIG.20,327 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol. 36-A, No. 6, Dec. 1954,
Advertisement page 15 by Zimmer Mfg. Co..
|
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Frinks; Ronald L.
Parent Case Text
BACKGROUND
This is a continuation in part of my application Ser. No. 59,480
filed July 30, 1970 on the same subject and now abandoned.
Claims
What I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:
1. In combination with a prosthetic appliance of the type having a
socket formed therein for receiving the stump of an amputated limb
and having side walls adjacent the open end of such socket for
embracing a portion of a condylar bone in the limb connected to
such stump; a fluid pressure clamp comprising:
1. a triangular space formed on the inner side of one side wall of
the prosthetic appliance in relation to a receding surface above
the condylar bone of an amputated limb adapted to be disposed in
said socket;
2. an expandable bladder mounted in said triangular space and
adapted upon receipt of pressurized fluid to have bearing relation
against a portion of the condylar bone of the amputated limb
adapted to have its stump inserted in such socket;
3. an inturned lip on the rim of the open end of such one side wall
overlying said expandable bladder; and
4. means for admitting fluid under pressure to said expandable
bladder for expanding the latter to provide a pliant pressurized
wedge between the condylar bone and such one side wall and adapted
to yield in conformity with movements of the condylar bone upon
articulation thereof relative to the prosthetic appliance.
2. The pneumatic clamp in accordance with that of claim 1 wherein
such prosthetic appliance is for the stump of a leg amputated below
the knee and has a shelf-like recess formed within the open end of
such socket for receiving and supporting the patella of the
condylar bone of the knee.
3. The pneumatic clamp in accordance with that of claim 1 wherein
such prosthetic appliance is for the stump of a leg amputated below
the knee and has a shelf-like recess formed within the open end of
such socket for receiving and supporting the patella of the
condylar bone of the knee, and reinforcing means embedded within
the walls of such socket comprising a U-shaped metal member having
its bight portion partially circumscribing such shelf-like recess
and its leg portions extending into the side walls thereof for
maintaining the latter substantially rigid against deflection
during articulation of the knee of the amputated leg therein and
pressure of the condylar bone against said pneumatic wedge.
4. The pneumatic clamp in accordance with that of claim 1 including
a self-contained source of pressurizable fluid, a conduit for
communicating said source of pressurizable fluid with said
expandable bladder, and control means in said conduit for
controlling the flow of pressurizable fluid to and from said
bladder.
5. The pneumatic clamp in accordance with that of claim 4 in which
said self contained source of pressurized fluid and control means
comprises:
1. a closed fluid system including said expandable bladder;
2. a pliable plastic bag reservoir arranged in said prosthetic
appliance and accessible to manual squeezing;
3. a conduit communicating said expandable bladder with said
pliable plastic bag;
4. a supply of fluid confined within said pliable plastic bag
reservoir for transmittal therefrom into said expandable bladder
via said conduit upon manual squeezing and compression of said
pliable plastic bag reservoir; and
5. valve means in said conduit between said pliable plastic bag
reservoir and said expandable bladder closable for maintaining
fluid under pressure in said expandable bladder and openable for
releasing pressurized fluid therefrom for return to said pliable
plastic bag reservoir.
6. The pneumatic clamp in accordance with that of claim 4 in which
said self-contained source of pressurized fluid and control means
comprises:
a. a needle valve mounted within such prosthetic appliance and
having a manually operated knob protruding therefrom exteriorly of
such prosthetic appliance,
b. a charged bulb of pressurized fluid connected to one side of
said needle valve within the prosthetic appliance, and
c. a conduit having one end connected to the other side of said
needle valve and the opposite end of said conduit communicating
with said expandable bladder.
7. The pneumatic clamp in accordance with that of claim 6 including
a T fitting having its head portion interposed between the ends of
said conduit and its stem end protruding through the wall of such
prosthetic appliance for exposure externally thereof, and
a manually operatable valve stem in the stem end of said T fitting
and exposed externally of said prosthetic appliance for relieving
pressurized fluid from said inflatable bladder.
8. The pneumatic clamp in accordance with that of claim 7 in which
said charged bulb of pressurized fluid is a CO.sup.2 bulb
threadably connected to one side of said needle valve.
9. The pneumatic clamp in accordance with that of claim 8 including
means within said needle valve for piercing said CO.sup.2 bulb upon
threading thereof onto said needle valve for admitting CO.sup.2 gas
into said one side of said needle valve.
Description
The present invention relates to prosthesis and more particularly
to means for securing a prosthetic appliance to an amputated limb.
Environmentally the present invention has its embodiment in means
for releasably securing a prosthetic appliance to the stub of a
human limb in a manner to achieve greater freedom of movement of
such limb, less burdensome, abrasive, painful and deteriorating
effects from the wearing of the same.
Artificial limbs are usually provided with a socket into which the
stub of an amputated limb is inserted. Heretofore means for
securing the artificial limb to the stub consisted of a harness
extending from a corset or a belt to the prosthetic appliance. In
the wearing of such harness I have experienced not only a piston
action between the stump and socket but chafing of the skin and a
cutting off of circulation in the limb stump. When the corset type
harness is used around the upper leg the thigh thereof atrophys and
deteriorates to about half its normal size. When an elastic belt
was worn it exerted a constant forward pull on the wearer's torso
and affects the posture noticeably toward a forwardly leaning
attitude. Such belt also pressed inward on my intestines, dug into
my sides and tended to restrict peristaltic action.
A more recent development in a support for and means for securing
an artificial limb to an amputated stump has been a rigid plastic
wedge which is forcibly inserted into the open end of the socket
and against the condylar bone joint when the stump is in place in
the socket. This too has been tried and found wanting. It was found
that the hard wedge scraped the leg, especially during articulation
and caused an excessive amount of pain. Moreover, if the leg was
made comfortable while in a sitting position excrutiating pain was
experienced upon straightening of the leg to a standing position,
the bones and tissue of the knee having moved relative to the wedge
and socket. When the wedge was changed to make the leg comfortable
while in a standing position the same pain was caused for the same
reasons when the knee was bent to a sitting position relative to
the socket of the artificial limb or prosthesis.
STATEMENT OF INVENTION
The present invention was developed to overcome the foregoing
defects and harmful attributes of prior type securing means for
prosthetic appliances. It is a principle object of the present
invention to provide a yieldable pressure applying binding between
the prosthesis and a portion of the amputated limb wearing the
same.
It is another object to provide such yieldable securing means that
will maintain a reasonably even pressure to effect a binding action
yet change its shape in accordance with change of the position of a
condylar joint with respect to the prosthesis. More particularly it
is an object of the present invention to provide a built-in system
for pressurizing a yieldable pressure applying binding between the
open end of the socket in the prosthesis and the enlarged condylar
bone adjacent the same. This object further contemplates an
expandable binding in such system whereby the stump may be inserted
with the depressurized binding in place and the latter thereafter
pressurized to secure the binding.
This invention further contemplates the provision of a fluid
pressure type clamp including an overlying lip or rim at the open
end of the socket formed in the prosthesis for lodging the
expandable binding in a region adjacent the normal location of the
condylar bone of a leg stump inserted into the prosthetic
appliance. In this connection means for reinforcing the open end of
the socket of the prosthesis is provided to assure a hugging
relation without actual physical contact relative to the condylar
bone other than against the yieldable pressurized binding.
It is a still further object to provide means for pressurizing the
binding member. This object further contemplates the provision of a
source of compressible fluid within the prosthesis and a system for
controlling pressurizing and release of pressure of the binding
within the fluid pressurizable clamping means.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention
will become apparent from a reading of the following description
and claims in the light of the drawing transferred from my earlier
filed application Ser. No. 59,480 in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prosthetic appliance constructed
to include the embodiments of the pneumatic clamp of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross section through the appliance
of FIG. 1 with an amputated leg stump in place therein;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary section through FIG. 2 taken along line
3--3 thereof with the human leg removed;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged detail section through a control means and
mounting for an air supply medium shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged section through a T-fitting and release valve
shown in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of a flexible rubber sack
employed in the pressure type clamp as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2
and 3.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawing a prosthetic appliance
10 is shown as an artificial limb 11 having a socket 12 adapted to
receive the stump S of an amputated limb L. The socket 12 has an
open end conforming to the shape of a condylar bone structure C
above the stump S and to embrace the enlarged condylar bone
structure while allowing articulation of the joint formed thereby.
In the present disclosure I have illustrated the prosthetic
appliance as of the type worn as an artificial leg. It will be
appreciated, however, that the inventive embodiment has equal
application to other types of artificial limbs and like prosthetic
appliances.
In FIGS. 1 and 2 the stump S includes a part of the tibia T of an
amputated leg L cut off below the knee K or condylar C which is an
enlarged ball-like end of the femur F. In such a condylar structure
the patella or knee cap P projects forwardly as a part of the
ball-like joint C. By reason of this configuration of the condylar
joint C the open upper end 13 of the socket 12 in the artificial
leg 11, conforming in shape, is provided with a shelf-like recess
14 (FIGS. 1 and 3) upon which the patella projection P of the knee
is adapted to rest and transmit body weight to the artificial leg
11.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention comprises a clamp 15 comprising an inflatable
rubber or other form of elastic bag or bladder 16 disposed within
the rim 17 formed on the side wall 18 of the open upper end 13 of
the socket 12 of the artificial limb 11. In accordance with the
present invention the rim 17 on the side wall 18 of the socket 12
has an inturned lip 19 adjacent one side, preferably the outer
side, of the knee joint K and above the enlarged condylar ball-like
bone C therein.
This forms a triangular gap between the receding upper surface R of
the ball-like bone C and the side wall 18 of the socket wherein the
inflatable bag 16 is disposed and confined by the overlying lip 19
of the rim 17. In its simplest form the clamp 15 includes means in
the form of a one way pneumatic valve 20 communicating with the
inflatable bag 16. By this arrangement the bag 16 is adapted to
receive air under pressure from a hand pump or the like in a
conventional manner for inflating the bag to thereby form a
yieldable wedge or binding between the side wall 18 of the
artificial limb 11 and the surface R of the condylar bone C. In
this manner the ball-like knee joint K is clamped in place within
the conforming upper end 13 of the socket 12 to secure the
prosthetic appliance 10 to the amputated limb L.
The inflatable bag 16 being yieldable and somewhat plyable will
conform to changes in disposition of the knee joint K relative to
the wall 18. Therefore no abrasive action takes place between the
yieldable wedge 16 and the flesh surrounding the condylar bone C.
Consequently the clamp 15 functions completely and effectively
during articulation of the knee joint and greater comfort afforded
during walking and/or between change of position from standing to
sitting and vice-versa.
To strengthen the plastic material from which such artificial limbs
11 are usually constructed and to assure against excessive flexing
of the side wall 18 during change of position of the amputated limb
L relative to the artificial limb 11 suitable reinforcement 21 may
be provided in the latter. Such reinforcement 21 in the present
disclosure is shown as a U-shaped metal member 22 embedded in the
material from which the limb 11 is formed. The U shaped member 22
has its bight portion 23 disposed to partially circumscribe the
shelf-like recess and its leg portions 24-24' extending diagonally
upwardly therefrom within the side walls 18 and 18', respectively.
The reinforcing member 22 thus embraces the pressure zone in which
the knee bone K rests and articulates relative to the open upper
end 13 of the socket 12 in the artificial limb 11.
A self-contained source of pressurizable fluid and control means
therefor 25 is provided in combination with the clamp 15 of the
present invention. The combined relationship is shown in FIG. 2 and
the details thereof more specifically in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6. One form
of self-contained source of pressurizable fluid 26 is shown as a
CO.sup.2 bulb connected to a control valve 27 and the latter
communicating with the inflatable bag 16 by suitable conduits
28.
Referring to FIG. 4 the control means 27 comprises a fluid-tight
chamber 29 formed within a body 30 having threading 31 conforming
to that on a conventional CO.sup.2 bulb. In alignment with this
threading 31 is a pin 32 fixedly mounted on the body 30 such that
when a charged CO.sup.2 bulb is threaded against the pin the bulb
cap will be pierced thereby to admit the pressurized fluid within
the bulb into the chamber 29. Laterally of the body 30 a hand
operated valve 33 has a ported end 34 thereof communicating with
the chamber 29. This valve 33 has a needle 35 threadably mounted as
at 36 therein for screw type movement toward and from the port 34
to open and close the same as desired. A suitable seal in the form
of an O ring 37 is provided between the threading of the pin and a
knurled knob 38 exteriorly of the valve 33. Between the threading
36 and the port 34 the valve has an outlet nipple 39 connected to
one end 40 of the conduits 28.
Referring to FIG. 2 the body 30 of the control means 27 is confined
within a hollow cavity H formed within the artificial limb 11 below
the socket 12 therein. The body 30 is secured to a wall W of the
limb 11 by means of a bolt 41 and so disposed as to extend the
vlave portion 33 through such wall to expose the knurled knob 38
exteriorly thereof.
The conduits 28 as depicted in the present disclosure in addition
to the end 40 includes a section 42 both of which are connected to
and through the head of a T fitting 43. The stem of the fitting
houses the pneumatic valve 20 previously mentioned to be in
communication with the inflatable bag 16 and as shown in FIG. 2 via
the section 42 of the conduits 28. By this arrangement the
inflatable bag can receive pressurized fluid from the source 26 by
opening of the valve 33. For purposes of convenience the T fitting
43 is housed in the cavity H of the prosthesis and with the valve
stem portion extending through the wall W for access to the valve
20 exteriorly of the leg 11. If the CO.sup.2 bulb happens to be
exhausted, air under pressure may be supplied by a small hand pump
via the pneumatic valve 20. To release the pneumatic clamp 15 the
stem of the valve 20 need only be depressed thereby relieving the
pressure within the bag 16 so that the amputated limb can be
detached from the prosthetic appliance 10.
It should here be noted that the back wall of the artificial limb
11 is provided with an access opening to the cavity H (FIG. 2).
This enables the user to replace the source of pressurizable fluid
26. As already explained the source of pressurizable fluid 26 may
be a CO.sup.2 bulb connected to the control valve 27.
In accordance with the present invention the source of
pressurizable fluid 26 may also be a pliable plastic bag similar
16, filled with a suitable fluid such as water and the like,
connected to the control valve 27 on that side thereof opposite the
conduit 28 communicating with the expandable wedge or bag 16. In
this arrangement the pliable bags are in a closed fluid system
having the control valve 27 interposed between them.
When the source of pressurized fluid 26 is a pliable plastic or
rubber bag filled with, for example water, the fluid will be stored
in the source 26 upon squeezing of the bag 16 when the valve 27 is
open. By the same token when the stump S of an amputee is inserted
into the socket 12 of the artificial limb 11 and the valve 27 open,
the wearer merely presses his finger against the reservoir 26 to
discharge the fluid therefrom. The fluid from the pliable reservoir
26 is thus transmitted through the system of conduits 28 into the
expandable bag 16. When the bag 16 is thus filled and the fluid
therein thus pressurized, the valve 33 of the control means 27 may
then be closed by manipulation of the knob 38 to retain the
pressurized fluid up in the bag 16. In this manner the artificial
limb 11 is secured to the amputated limb therein by the fluid
pressure clamp 15 in accordance with the present invention.
Although a section 42 of the pneumatic conduits 28 is shown
exteriorly of the artificial leg 11 it will be appreciated that all
of the conduits 28 may be built into such prosthetic appliance at
the time of its manufacture to conceal all piping and guard the
same against accident.
The fluid pressure clamp 15 of the present invention is convenient
and simple to operate, affords chafe free articulation of the
condylar joint to which the prosthetic appliance is attachable; the
expandable wedge conforming to variations in position of the
condylar joint and movement of the skin around the same. The
amputated limb L is thereby prevented from deteriorating from
atrophy and becomes more a living thing by development of the
muscles and tissues therein during use of the artificial limb in a
natural way.
Having thus described my fluid pressure clamp as applied to a
Patella Tendon Bearing artificial leg in specific detail it will be
appreciated by those skilled in the art that the same applies
equally to other forms of condylar prosthetic appliances including
variations in construction and modifications or alterations within
the embodiment of the scope of the present invention.
* * * * *