U.S. patent number 3,671,752 [Application Number 05/005,420] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-20 for locking device using radiation conducting key.
Invention is credited to Sten-Lennart Bostrom, Box 607.
United States Patent |
3,671,752 |
|
June 20, 1972 |
LOCKING DEVICE USING RADIATION CONDUCTING KEY
Abstract
Security locking device comprising mechanical locking means
adapted to be electrically controlled, a source of laser radiation
a plurality of opto-electrical transducers, a light conducting key
insertable into a mating key hole and arranged to thereby connect
the source with the transducers for transmission of laser radiation
thereto to open the mechanical locking means.
Inventors: |
Sten-Lennart Bostrom, Box 607
(Hagersten, SE) |
Family
ID: |
20256123 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/005,420 |
Filed: |
January 5, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
250/208.4;
70/DIG.51; 70/277; 250/226; 250/227.21 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05B
49/006 (20130101); G02F 3/00 (20130101); Y10S
70/51 (20130101); Y10T 70/7062 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
E05B
49/00 (20060101); G02F 3/00 (20060101); H01j
039/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/221,216,234,206,209,220,225 ;70/286,278 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Walter Stolwein
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hammond & Littell
Claims
1. A security locking device comprising a. mechanical locking means
adapted to be electrically controlled, b. a source of laser
radiation, c. a receiver for said laser radiation, d. a key
insertable into a mating key hole means and arranged to thereby
connect said laser radiation source with said laser radiation
receiver for transmission of laser radiation thereto, e. a number
of target terminals distributed and spaced according to a first
predetermined pattern within said key hole means, f. an equal
number of output terminals on said key distributed and spaced
according to said first pattern, each output terminal being
arranged, upon the correct insertion of said key into said key hole
means, to cooperate with a respective target terminal to supply
laser radiation thereto. g. a plurality of laser radiation paths
within said key, each of said paths leading from said laser
radiation source to at least one of said output terminals, h. a
plurality of components comprised within said laser radiation paths
and arranged to modify predetermined characteristic properties of
laser radiation propagated along said paths, to thereby generate
output conditions on said output terminals according to a second
predetermined pattern specific for said key, i. a plurality of
opto-electrical transducers, each having an input connected to at
least one of said target terminals and each being arranged to
generate an output signal when receiving as an input a
predetermined value of some characteristic property of said laser
radiation, and j. plurality of electrical circuit means, each
connected to a respective of said transducers and arranged to be
actuated when receiving an input signal from said transducers, said
circuit means being arranged to be actuated according to a third
predetermined pattern when said second pretermined pattern
corresponds to the pattern of predetermined input values to said
transducers, and said third output pattern being effective
2. A locking device according to claim 1, wherein said laser
radiation comprises a number of components having different wave
lengths, said components being arranged to be directed by said key
to different target
3. A locking device according to claim 1, wherein said laser
radiation comprises a number of components having mutually
different polarizations, said components being arranged to be
directed by said key to different
4. A locking device according to claim 1, wherein said key
comprises a plurality of regions having predetermined different
optical characteristics selected for at least one predetermined
optical effect on at least one predetermined characteristic
property of laser radiation
5. A locking device according to claim 1, wherein said key is
arranged to actuate a starting means for said laser radiation
source upon insertion of
6. A locking device according to claim 1, wherein said key is
provided with manual control means for modifying at least one of
said laser radiation paths and laser radiation intensities through
the key to said receiver.
7. A locking device according to claim 1, wherein said laser
radiation receiver comprises one photoelectric cell per target
terminal, where an amplifier is connected to each photoelectric
cell and each amplifier is arranged to control a flip-flop upon
receiving a predetermined voltage
8. A locking device according to claim 7, wherein a number of said
flip-flops are arranged to control a gate unit, said gate unit
comprising a number of series stages of elementary parallel gates
and a series of inputs, and said gate unit being arranged to
control said mechanical locking means upon the appearance of a
predetermined pattern of input conditions on said series of inputs.
Description
The present invention relates to a locking device, having a
practically unlimited number of possible combinations and is wholly
secure against any unauthorized use and furthermore, cannot
possibly be copied.
For this purpose a locking device according to the invention
comprises a transmitter for laser radiation by optical or
electrooptical means can be directed towards desired targets, a
receiver comprising said targets and arranged to actuate a
connecting means, and a key, which is insertable between the
transmitter and the receiver in order to direct the radiation to
said desired targets.
The receiver can be arranged to electromagnetically control
connecting means for a mechanical lock, and the key can be
arranged, when inserted in a keyhole, to actuate means for the
connection of the radiation source. The key can be provided with
manually operative means in order to actuate one or several
radiation paths or the radiation intensities through the key to the
receiver. The receiver can comprise one photoelectric cell for each
one of the targets, and said cell can be allotted an amplifier and
each amplifier can be arranged to actuate a flip-flop, when it
receives a determined voltage from its photoelectric cell. A number
of flip-flops are arranged to control a gate unit provided with a
series of inputs and arranged to control a means intended to
actuate the connecting means, when a predetermined input condition
pattern is present.
The radiation can comprise a number of radiation components of
different wave length being arranged selectively to be directed
towards different targets. Said components can be polarized in
different ways. The key is suitably arranged to control or convey
radiation along different paths of direction in the key to one and
the same or to different targets. Thereby the key can damp or
polarize different radiation components in different manners. The
key can be arranged to refract or diverge different radiation
components to different parting points from the key which points
are located right in front of respectively corresponding targets of
the receiver.
The paths of direction for different radiation components in the
key, by way of example, consist of transparent material in an
otherwise opaque key. The key can suitably be provided with
portions having different optical qualities for different paths of
direction and/or radiation components through the key. The key can
suitably be provided with color filters for different color
components contained in the radiation spectrum and also with
polarization filters for different components contained in the
radiation spectrum. The key can also be provided with distinct
prisms in order to diverge different color components of the
radiation in a different way. The gate unit is suitably comprised
of a number of serial steps of parallel simple AND-gates and/or
OR-gates. In the example of embodiment described, the key is
provided with an axial bore, to which the radiation of the
transmitter is directed, and a number of cross bores or output
terminals cutting the path of the axial bore, to which cross bores
different components of the radiation can be selectively directed
for transmission to opposed target channels in the walls of the
keyhole.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a
locking device comprising electrical coupling means controlled by a
key and preferably adapted to control a mechanical lock in an
electro-magnetic way, characterized by a transmitter for laser
radiation or other optical radiation, a receiver having a plurality
of discrete target points excitable by said radiation, an equal
plurality of opto-electrical transducers, one assigned to each
target point and each transducer being arranged to actuate a
corresponding coupling means upon the excitation of the target
point assigned thereto, and a key being insertable between the
transmitter and the receiver and arranged to selectively control
and/or direct said radiation to a number of predetermined target
points of the receiver.
The invention will now be described more in detail with reference
to the accompanying drawing illustrating an example of an
embodiment, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a key inserted in its key hole,
FIG. 2 shows a cross section at right angle to FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 shows an example of a gate unit, and
FIG. 4 shows a number of suitable elementary types of gates.
As is evident from FIG. 1, the key N on its handle portion is
provided with a dial IS having a graduation with figure
indications, and said handle is also provided with an index mark
IM. The figure graduation is illustrated with eight division units
1-8. Another corresponding dial can be provided on the opposite
side of the handle. Instead of, or in addition to, the dials one
can have one or several rotatable rings with figure indications to
make possible the proper alignment of the figures of a code number
of several digits in a manner known in connection with cipher code
locks and combination locks. In order to simplify the description
it is assumed that in the present example there is only one dial IS
and that said dial, via a coupling arm RM, actuates the setting
means of the key which will be described in more detail below. The
position of the dial in the illustration with the digit 3 set
adjacent to the index mark IM is assumed to be the right code
position for the key in question.
When inserting the key N in the keyhole, the end of the key
actuates a contact K located in the bottom of the hole. The contact
K connects a laser beam LS, which is directed through a hole 10
towards a bore 11 in the key. The bore can be filled with a
transparent material, e.g. crystal glass or other material of
similar optical properties. The laser beam LS is assumed to be
polarized and composed of by five color components, namely one blue
B, one green G, one yellow Y, one red R, and one ultraviolet
component U.
The blue component B of the beam hits a first edge 12 of a prism in
the bore 11 and is reflected by said edge through a cross bore 100
and further a second edge 13, from which it is reflected in the
opposite direction through a cross bore 101 extending in the other
direction.
In an analogous manner, the green radiation component G is
reflected through cross bores 102, 103, the yellow component Y
through cross bores 104, 105, the red component R through cross
bores 106, 107, and the ultraviolet component U through cross bores
108,109.
The indications corresponding to the different colors B, G, Y, R, U
have been placed above the cross bores 100, 102, 104, 106, 108 and
the upper edge of the key, but in order not to complicate the
drawing, they have been left out at the bores 101, 103, 105, 107,
109 located at the opposite edge, but it is understood that the
last mentioned bores receive beams of the respective corresponding
colors in the same consecutive order. Each cross bore 100-109
comprises a color filter indicated with F1-F5, said filters only
being marked with indications for the left column of bores. These
filters only let through the color component related to the bore in
question. Further, each cross bore has a set of polarization
filters P1-P5 belonging thereto, indications only being inserted
for the left column of bores. Of these sets of polarization filters
P1-P5 the ones located in the bores 103 and 106 (P4) are adjustable
by means of the belt RM connected with the dial IS. As a result,
this degree of light which is transmitted through these filters can
be varied by rotating said dial IS.
In FIG. 2 a cross section through the key N is shown, and it is
evident that in this embodiment there are provided four series of
rows of cross bores CH1-CH4, of which the series CH1 represents the
bores 100, 102, 104, 106, 108 and the series CH3 represents the
bores 101, 103, 105, 107, 109. In the bore 11 the spiral
arrangement of the reflection edges 12, 13 is shown.
As is shown in FIG. 1, the cross bores 100-109 are set directly
adjacent the corresponding channels or target terminals 200-209 in
the lock, and in the lower row of channels the channels 201 and 209
are shown provided with polarization and color filters PF1 and PF5
belonging thereto. Each channel 200-209 has, of course, an own
corresponding polarization and color filter, although in order to
simplify the drawing these have been omitted.
Counted in order from the key N, the channel 201 is allotted said
filter PF1, a photoelectric cell PH1, and amplifier NV1, a
flip-flop FF1, and an output U1. The channel 209 is shown and is
allotted the corresponding units PF5, PH5, NV5, FF5 and U5. The
outputs are shown as being unipolar, but are in reality assumed to
be bipolar, as will be evident from the following.
The said outputs U1-U5 are connected with a gate unit GK, which
will be described more in detail below, and in turn they are
connected control a lock gate GL operating a magnetic lock.
At this stage of the description it is certainly understood that a
locking device of the type described permits a very great number of
possible combinations.
Thus because of the nature of the laser beam one can obtain a very
great number of distinct color components, each one having a well
defined wave length. Here only five different wavelengths (colors)
have been described.
Further each one of these color components can be polarized in many
different ways. Below, only three different polarizations of the
incoming colors are dealt with, but intermediate degrees of
polarization are also available for use.
In addition with the help of the sets P1-P5 of polarization filters
it is possible to obtain a great number of light intensity levels.
Only four resulting light levels for the respective photoelectric
cells PH1-PH5 are dealt with below.
Finally, it is possible to use one or several of the series CH1-CH4
of cross bores illustrated, and further this number can be
increased considerably above the number of four mentioned. In the
example described only one such series is used, namely CH3.
The gate unit GK illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3 can be made in a
great number of different variants of combination. In FIG. 4 a
table of different types are shown, namely eight simple gates,
which can be used in the assembly of gate unit GK.
In the left column of FIG. 4 four types of AND-gates, in the middle
column four types of OR-gates and in the right column a table of
the input and output conditions of said gates are shown. The inputs
of the gates are indicated with a and b and the outputs with z.
Only gates with each two inputs a, b, and one output z are shown.
However, it is evident that a great number of other types of more
complicated gates can be used for the assembly of the unit GK.
In the right column the inputs a and b and the outputs z are shown
with the corresponding conditions indicated with L and H,
respectively, which by way of example can mean low voltage and high
voltage, respectively. The top square of the right column thus
indicates that for the adjoining AND-gate and the adjoining OR-gate
the input condition L on both a and b gives the output condition L
on z, that H and L respectively and L and H respectively on a and b
give L on z, while H on both a and b gives H on z.
In FIG. 3 an example of the structure of the circuit GK is
illustrated using only AND-circuits according to FIG. 4, which
AND-circuits are indicated with O,P,Q,S in order to facilitate
their identification. As mentioned, the output terminals U1-U5
illustrated as unipolar terminals are, in fact, bipolar terminals
and have been provided with the indications L and H analogous to
the table in FIG. 4. It is assumed that the flip-flops FF1-FF5 are
all in the setup positions and their output terminals then have the
conditions L and H from left to right of all outputs U1-U5 as is
shown in FIG. 3. In the resting condition each gate is assumed to
have reversed out conditions on both their terminals as shown in
FIG. 3, i.e. H and L. The conditions L and H have been indicated on
the inputs and outputs of all the gates shown in FIG. 3 in order to
facilitate the understanding of the logic function of diagram in
the diagram. The indications O, P, Q, S according to FIG. 4 also
appear in FIG. 3. In the condition illustrated in FIG. 3 the unit
GK gives the condition L to the locking gate GL in order to open
the magnetic lock. It is understood that FIG. 3 therefore
corresponds the condition L and H on the respective positions
obtained by inserting the correct key in the key hole.
More exactly defined, the four gates S, Q, O, P are connected with
eight of the terminals L and H from U1-U5, whereby only L from U3
and H from U5 are not connected to the gates. Said four gates are
in pairs connected with a second series of two gates Q and F, which
in turn have a common connection with a third series comprising
only one gate of the type P. It is understood that each reversal of
the condition of one or several of the terminals U1-U5 will change
the input conditions of one or several of the gates, so that the
end result will be the output condition H from the last gate P,
which is connected directly with the locking gate GB, so that said
last mentioned gate cannot actuate the magnetic lock.
In the following detailed description of the functioning it is in
the first place assumed that the correct key has been inserted in
the key hole. When said key has been inserted to the bottom, the
laser beam LS is connected. It is assumed that the input
polarizations for the color components are 90.degree. for the blue
B polarization, 180.degree. for the green G, 180.degree. for the
yellow Y, 90.degree. for the red R, and 45.degree. for the
ultraviolet U. If the dial IS is set on the correct value 3, it is
assumed that the different level deciding polarization filter sets
P1-P5 are set for the respective polarizations 45.degree.,
60.degree., 30.degree., 30.degree., and 45.degree. for the colors
B, G, Y, R and U. Then said color components in consecutive order
will be let through the respective channels 203, 205, 207, 209 with
the levels 50, 30, 60, 30, and 100 percent to the corresponding
photoelectric cells pH1-PH5. The voltages obtained from the
photoelectric cells are amplified in the amplifiers NV1-NV5,
belonging thereto with each amplifier having a lower and an upper
threshold, which must not be exceeded. It is assumed that the
voltage -6 volts corresponds to a color intensity of 50 percent,
which in the present case shall be reached by the tension (voltage)
signal of the blue component. Thus the lower threshold of -6 volts
shall be reached, but not exceeded to any substantial degree for
the amplifier NV1. With the levels assumed for the other color
components corresponding values for the other amplifiers NV2-NV5
shall be -3.6 volts (30 percent), -7.2 volts (60 percent) -3.6
volts (30 percent) and -12 volts (100 percent). With these values
are reset the flip-flops FF1-FF5 and low voltage L or high voltage
H is received according to FIG. 3. In comparison with the table of
FIG. 4 it is evident that thereby the conditions shown on the
inputs and outputs of the different gates S, O, Q, P, Q, P and P
will be obtained. Thereby the correct low input condition L to the
locking gate GL will be obtained, which then automatically opens
the magnetic lock.
If, on the contrary, an incorrect key N is inserted in the lock and
it is assumed that for said key everything is in accordance with
the correct key, except the polarization 45.degree. for the color
component U, an incorrect level is obtained in the amplifier NV5 of
the channel 209, so that the flip-flop FF5 cannot be actuated. On
the output terminal U5 of said channel the condition H,L is
obtained instead of L,H (FIG. 3), because of which the gate P is
actuated with the input conditions L,H and then gives the condition
H on its output terminal instead of L, as per FIG. 4. The gate P in
the second row in FIG. 3 then incorrectly receives the input
condition L,H instead of L,L, and gives out H (as per FIG. 4)
instead of L to the gate P in the third row in FIG. 3, which then
receives the input condition L,H instead of L,L and then gives out
H instead of L, as a result of which the locking gate LG cannot be
brought to function and actuate the magnetic lock.
It has been mentioned above that a very great number of
combinations can be obtained with a locking device according to the
present invention by using a great number of color components, many
cross bores per series and many series of cross bores in the key, a
great number of polarizations and levels and a gate device, which
for the purpose has many more gates than has been shown.
However, very little has been said about possible modifications in
relation to the mechanical structure, but it is obvious that the
key provided with bores but for the rest being opaque and having
reflecting edge portions at the cross bores along a helical edge
curve, as described in FIG. 3, is not a very refined design from a
mechanical viewpoint. It has been mentioned above that the
so-called bores do not necessarily have to be real hollow spaces,
but that they can be filled with transparent material, as for
example crystal glass, the remaining portion of the key being made
of opaque key material. However, it is more probable that in
practice a key would be designed employing lenses, mirrors, prisms
and other optical elements instead of bores with reflecting edge
portions. Because of the known coherence and other qualities of the
laser beam it is obvious that with simple optical means it is
possible to divide or spread, refract or diverge and reflect and
filter such a beam with considerably simpler means than can be
understood by the above embodiment. In other words, laser beams are
considerably better suited than common light in order to obtain
selective division into monochromatic monotype beams of a very
small cross section. Therefore, applying the known optical laws and
using very small optical components it is possible to obtain a
whole series of well defined small points (spots) on a receiving
surface without using any bore according to FIG. 1. The key can
further be completely transparent and can even be shaped in such a
way that no individual optical components can be discerned with the
naked eye, by for example having different portions of the key made
of material of different optical qualities. Such optical qualities
can, for example, comprise the refractive power, the polarization,
the opacity, and the color transmission.
In conclusion, it is understood that a locking device according to
the invention lends itself to be made in a practically unlimited
number of combinations and that therefore one never needs to have
two completely identical locks and keys. In reality it is quite
possible to allot each individual a unique key and thus use such
keys for the purpose of identification of persons. It is further
understood that it is completely impossible to copy such a key, if
it is made according to the present invention as described above,
because it is for all practical purposes impossible to measure the
data of such a key and then make it without having access to the
manufacturing equipment of the manufacturer.
In the description above only laser radiation has been dealt with,
but it is of course obvious that other type of radiation, which can
be diverged and spread and in essential respects behaves in a way
analogous to laser radiation can be used within the scope of the
invention. It can also be imagined that electronic radiation and
other particle radiation and, for example, electronic optics can be
used in certain special connections. For the purposes more
specifically related here, it appears, however, that laser
radiation due to its ability to be used in conjunction with very
small components, from a practical viewpoint would be preferable in
all applications, which at present can be anticipated.
It is further understood that the laser radiation can be used for
obtaining a starting and feeding action in the key of means for
generation and direction of other kind of energy than laser energy
to said targets, for example by means of solar cells actuated by
the laser radiation.
The invention has been described above in connection with a simple
embodiment and a number of modifications have been schematically
dealt with, but it is understood that the idea of the invention is
not limited only thereto, and as to its scope it only can be
limited by the accompanying claims.
* * * * *