U.S. patent number 3,670,751 [Application Number 05/117,301] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-20 for eccentric acting floating-controlled pinch-valve vessel filling assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Clare C. Anderson. Invention is credited to Wallace H. Buswell.
United States Patent |
3,670,751 |
Buswell |
June 20, 1972 |
ECCENTRIC ACTING FLOATING-CONTROLLED PINCH-VALVE VESSEL FILLING
ASSEMBLY
Abstract
An eccentric acting float-controlled pinch-valve vessel filling
mechanism utilizes as flow control means, in combination, (1) a
delivery tube having a free end portion and an attached end portion
coupled to downwardly extending liquid supply means and an
intermediate flexible portion adjacent the attached end capable of
being repeatedly flexed sufficiently to shut off the flow of liquid
therethrough, and (2) fixedly associated with the delivery tube
adjacent the flexible portion and between such portion and the
mid-length of the free end portion of the tube, a critically shaped
float having substantially an L shape, being formed with two body
portions that join at an angle of about 90.degree., such joinder
being adjacent the association with the delivery tube, the free end
portion of the delivery tube extending along a line between the
respective longitudinal axes of the two body portions of the float
and substantially in the same plane therewith. As an essential
feature, the float is disposed, with respect to the delivery tube,
e.g., when in an empty vessel, so that rising liquid buoys up the
then depending body portion of the float and moves it slightly in a
direction opposite to subsequent motion and temporarily locks it
against adjacent stop means and keeps the flexible portion of the
delivery tube open until the liquid level reaches the then
substantially horizontal other body portion whereupon the buoyancy
of this latter body portion soon abruptly moves the float out of
the locked position and the buoyancy of the formerly dependent body
portion is added to that of the second body portion and
eccentrically pivots the float and the delivery tube about the
point of flexing of the delivery tube and thereby abruptly pinches
shut the passageway in the delivery tube, stopping delivery of
liquid therethrough until the occasion when the vessel is again
drained, when the float again falls temporarily into the dependent
and then locked positions during filling of the vessel.
Inventors: |
Buswell; Wallace H. (Grand
Haven, MI) |
Assignee: |
Anderson; Clare C. (Midland,
MI)
|
Family
ID: |
22372113 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/117,301 |
Filed: |
February 22, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
137/1; 137/451;
137/416 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16K
7/02 (20130101); E03D 1/32 (20130101); Y10T
137/7494 (20150401); Y10T 137/7381 (20150401); Y10T
137/0318 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
F16K
7/00 (20060101); E03D 1/30 (20060101); F16K
7/02 (20060101); E03D 1/32 (20060101); G05d
009/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;137/409,416,1,434,424,426,451 ;251/4,9 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Nelson; M. Cary
Assistant Examiner: Matthews; David R.
Claims
I claim:
1. In combination with a vessel to be controllably filled with a
liquid to a pre-determined filled level, said vessel having
defining walls and controllable liquid emptying means, the
float-controlled pinch-valve vessel filling device mounted therein,
which comprises:
a liquid supply conduit positioned to deliver liquid inside the
vessel, said supply conduit having a terminal portion positioned
above the pre-determined filled level and extending approximately
vertically downward towards said filled level;
delivery tube means having a first end portion coupled to the
terminal end of said supply conduit and communicating therewith,
and a second dependent portion terminating in a free distal end
that is directed downwardly when the vessel is empty, and the
delivery tube means having a third portion co-joining the first and
second portions and being flexible and adapted to prevent liquid
flow therethrough by its internal cross-section becoming
substantially zero when flexed to form an included angle less than
about 90.degree. between the first and second portions;
buoyant float means associated with and attached to said delivery
tube means between the point of flexing, in the third portion, and
the mid-length of the second portion of the delivery tube
means;
and stop means restricting the pivotal movement of the buoyant
float means and associated delivery tube means about the point of
flexing when the delivery tube means depends downwardly when the
vessel is in a substantially empty condition prior to filling and
the associated float and delivery tube means are in filling
position;
said buoyant float means being buoyant in, substantially impervious
to, and substantially unattacked by, said liquid;
said buoyant float means being shaped with first and second
slightly elongated body portions each having a longitudinal axis
and each having an end co-joined at an angle of about 90.degree.
between said axes with the end of the second body portion
overlapping the end of the first body portion by about one-fourth
to one-third the width of said first body portion, said second body
portion having a side extension adjacent its free end, said side
extension projecting from the side opposite the side to which the
first body portion is joined, and said second body portion having a
buoyancy at least about as great as said first body portion;
said delivery tube means being substantially coplanar therewith and
attached to said buoyant float means and extending along a line
between the body portions at an angle of between at least
15.degree. to the longitudinal axis of the first body portion and
at least 30.degree. to the longitudinal axis of the second body
portion and at a point along the delivery tube means whereby upon
such tube means depending downwardly, the longitudinal axis of the
second body portion is at approximately the height of the
pre-determined filled level;
and said stop means being positioned relative to the combination of
factors (1) the position of the vertically downward portion of the
supply conduit, (2) the dimensions of the first body portion of the
buoyant float means, and (3) the angle between the second portion
of the delivery tube means to the buoyant float means, whereby in
the assembly, prior to filling the vessel when the second portion
of the delivery tube means depends downwardly and the buoyant float
means is pushed substantially horizontally against the stop means
by initial flow of filling liquid and by buoyancy of the first body
portion, the longitudinal axis of said first body portion extends,
at the bottom end thereof, away from a line drawn vertically
downward from said downwardly extending portion of the supply
conduit and toward said stop means, the stop means being spaced a
distance equal to from about 85 to 95 percent of the thickness of
the first body portion from the line vertically drawn, while the
second portion of the delivery tube means diverges away from said
stop means and depends at an angle of from about 10.degree. to
about 55.degree. with respect to said line drawn vertically.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein the vessel is a water
closet.
3. The combination of claim 2 wherein the water closet is adapted
to flush an associated toilet bowl having a trap and a flexible
sidestream delivery tube is joined below and adjacent the flexible
portion of the delivery tube means and is in communication
therewith as well as with the trap of the said toilet bowl.
4. The combination of claim 1 wherein the liquid supply conduit
means extends through the bottom wall of the vessel and is
positioned and aligned with respect to said vertically drawn line
so as to serve as, and is, the stop means.
5. The combination of claim 1 wherein the relative dimensions of
the first body portion of the buoyant float means and the distance
separation of the stop means from the said line drawn vertically
downward and the angle of mounting of the buoyant float means on
the second portion of the delivery tube means all co-act to provide
an angle of about 20.degree. to 40.degree. between said second
portion and said line drawn vertically downward when the buoyant
float means is positioned against the stop means.
6. The combination of claim 5 wherein the second portion of the
delivery tube means is held at an angle of about 30.degree.
relative to said vertically drawn line.
7. The combination of claim 1 wherein the distal end portion of the
delivery tube means terminates in a curved tip with a liquid
delivery opening that faces away from said stop means when the
float means and delivery tube means are in the filling
position.
8. The combination of claim 1 wherein the flexible portion of said
delivery tube means is pre-formed moderately flexed to repeatedly
bend readily at the same point and through substantially the same
plane.
9. The combination of claim 1 wherein the flexible portion of said
delivery tube means is a tube formed with at least one longitudinal
external rib portion.
10. The combination of claim 9 wherein the at least one rib is
formed substantially in the plane of bending the flexible portion
and is interrupted and absent at about the point of bending said
flexible portion.
11. The combination as in claim 1 wherein the flexible portion of
said delivery tube means is elliptical in section.
12. The combination of claim 1 wherein the vessel has a
pre-determined residual liquid level and the distal end of said
delivery tube means extends below said liquid level when the vessel
is empty and the float means and delivery tube means combination
have pivoted to the filling position.
13. The combination of claim 1 wherein the buoyant float means is
formed of a foamed polymeric material with substantially all closed
cells, the density of said foamed polymeric material being about
0.5 to about 5 pounds per cubic foot.
14. The combination of claim 13 wherein the second portion of the
delivery tube means extends through the second body portion of the
buoyant float means.
15. The combination of claim 13 wherein the buoyant float means is
formed of at least two separate and distinct body members fastened
together and the positions of each are adjustable relative to the
other.
16. The combination of claim 15 in which the side extension of the
second body portion of the float means is formed as a separate part
and the position thereof relative to the said second body portion
is adjustable.
17. The combination of claim 13 wherein the polymeric material is
polystyrene.
18. The combination of claim 13 wherein the polymeric material is
polyurethane.
19. The combination of claim 13 wherein the polymeric material is
poly-lower alkylene formed from low molecular weight monomer having
a carbon chain length not exceeding four carbons.
20. The combination of claim 1 wherein the buoyant float means is
formed as a hollow body with a lightweight defining envelope.
21. The combination of claim 1 wherein the buoyant float means is
formed as at least two co-joined hollow body members each with a
light weight defining envelope.
22. An eccentric acting float-controlled pinch-valve device for
controlling the filling of a vessel with a liquid to a
pre-determined level, which comprises:
delivery tube means having first and second end portions and a
co-joining third portion, the first portion being adapted to depend
vertically downward from a liquid supply conduit to which it is
communicatively coupled, the second portion terminating in a free
distal end, and the third portion co-joining the first and second
portions and being flexible and formed of elastomeric material and
adapted to prevent liquid flow therethrough by its internal
cross-section becoming substantially zero when said third portion
is flexed to form an included angle less than about 90.degree.
between the first and second portions, said third portion being
pre-formed to a moderately flexed included angle of about
25.degree. to about 35.degree. in the relaxed and unstressed
condition;
and buoyant float means associated with and attached to said
delivery tube means, said buoyant float means having first and
second slightly elongated body portions each having a longitudinal
axis and each having an end co-joined at an angle of about
90.degree. between said axes with the end of the second body
portion overlapping the end of the first body portion by about
one-fourth to one-third the width of said first body portion, said
second body portion having a side extension adjacent its free end,
said side extension projecting from the side opposite the side to
which the first body portion is joined, and said second body
portion having a buoyancy at least about as great as said first
body portion;
said buoyant float means being buoyant in, substantially impervious
to, and substantially unattacked chemically by, the liquid in which
it is to be used;
the zone of association with respect to the delivery tube means
being the second portion between the mid-length thereof and the
third portion, and with respect to the buoyant float means being
the second body portion adjacent the co-joined ends of the body
portions;
the second portion of said delivery tube means being substantially
co-planar with the attached buoyant float means and extending from
said second body portion adjacent said co-joined ends along a line
through the included angle of about 90.degree. between said body
portions at an angle of between at least 15.degree. to the
longitudinal axis of the first body portion and at least 30.degree.
to the longitudinal axis of the second body portion;
said buoyant float means, when the pinch-valve device is freely
suspended in air by the first portion of the delivery tube means
being attached to a vertically downwardly extending supply conduit,
having such a disposition that the first body portion extends
approximately vertically downward while the second body portion
extends approximately horizontally.
23. The device as in claim 22 in which the buoyant float means is
formed of a cellular polymeric material with substantially all
closed cells and a strengthening fillet is formed within the
included angle between the body portions.
24. The process of controllably filling a vessel with a liquid to a
pre-determined level utilizing a float-controlled pinch-valve
filling device, which comprises:
delivering the liquid to the interior of the vessel through a
liquid supply conduit having a terminal portion thereof positioned
at a point substantially above the predetermined liquid level and
the terminal portion extending approximately vertically downward
toward the liquid level;
further conveying the liquid down into the vessel through delivery
tube means having the end of a first portion thereof coupled to the
terminal end of the supply conduit, a second portion terminating as
the distal end of the delivery tube means, and a third portion that
is flexible and co-joins the first and second portions, said third
portion being adapted to repeatedly bend at the same point and in
the same plane, said distal end extending downwardly when the
vessel is substantially empty;
providing buoyant float means associated with and attached to the
delivery tube means at a point between the mid-length of the second
portion and the end co-joined with the third portion, said float
means having first and second body portions each having a
longitudinal axis and each having an end co-joined at an angle of
about 90.degree. between said axes with the end of the second body
portion overlapping the end of the first body portion by about
one-fourth to one-third the width of said first body portion, said
second body portion having a side extension adjacent its free end,
said side extension projecting from the side opposite the side to
which the first body portion is joined, the filling device, when
the vessel is empty, being disposed in such a manner that the first
body portion of the float means depends approximately vertically
downward and the second body portion approximately horizontally and
the free ends of each body portion lying on either side of a line
drawn vertically downward from the terminal end of said supply
conduit;
during the filling of the vessel after rising liquid therein has
reached the level of the depending said first body portion of the
float means, providing a first vector force in a horizontal
direction consisting of the combined effect of the buoyancy of the
first body portion and the jet action of liquid issuing from the
distal end of the delivery tube means, said vector force being
sufficient to temporarily fixedly hold the first body portion
locked against a stop with said free ends of said body portions
disposed with one end on either side of said vertical line and to
maintain the first body portion in such position substantially
throughout the filling of the vessel;
and when the vessel is substantially filled to the pre-determined
filled level, providing sufficient second vector force, in the form
of buoyancy of the second body portion, in a horizontal direction
opposed to said first vector force to overcome the same and to
pivotally move the float means, including the first body portion,
out of the temporarily locked position, to a sufficient extent to
cause the buoyancy of the first body portion to exert a force on
the opposite side of the said vertical line from the position taken
by said first body portion when in the locked position whereby the
buoyancy of the first body portion is combined with that of the
second body portion to provide a vertically directed vector force
great enough to eccentrically flex the associated delivery tube
means arcuately upwardly to form an included angle less than about
90.degree. and sufficiently small to pinch shut the flexible
portion of the delivery tube means abruptly shutting off the flow
of liquid therethrough.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an eccentric acting floatcontrolled
pinch-valve vessel filling assembly and more particularly to such
an assembly utilizing a delivery tube having a non-metallic
flexible portion capable of being flexed sharply enough to shut off
the flow of liquid therethrough by the action of a float associated
therewith.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore water closets and the like have been controllably filled
and refilled utilizing a standard gate valve actuated by a float
which, in effect, signals the reaching of a pre-determined liquid
level in the vessel being filled. Such valves are usually made
entirely of metal and require metal working operations for their
manufacture and are thus an item of ever increasing cost. Such
valves are fairly long lasting when properly made and installed,
but are subject to wear and corrosion and partial plugging by
hardness. Partial plugging includes interference with complete
shut-off whereupon there may be a steady leakage of liquid through
the valve making undesirable noise and allowing wastage of the
liquid.
Attempts have been made to provide vessel filling assemblies
utilizing non-metallic valves, i.e., pinch valves, but in each case
no provision appears to have been made to assure flexing of the
flexible delivery tube in a truly fixed plane, and especially
lacking is any attempt to obtain a sharp or eccentric cut off of
liquid flow through the flexible tube portion when the vessel
becomes filled to a pre-determined level.
For the purposes of the following description and the appended
claims the term pinch-valve means a valve formed of a flexible,
liquid-conducting, elastomeric tube capable of being flexed sharply
enough to shut off the flow of liquid therethrough, and, associated
therewith, means for flexing the tube to achieve shut-off when
liquid has flowed into the vessel being filled and brought the
liquid level to a predetermined depth. While the valve has no
metallic body or housing as is found in the typical mechanical
valve and may be referred to as a non-metallic valve, the actuating
float therefor may be formed of foamed light weight metal or be an
enclosed hollow light gauge metal vessel, if desired.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is a principal object of the invention to provide a
float-controlled pinch-valve vessel filling mechanism that is
eccentric acting, low cost, long lasting and reliable.
Another object of the invention is to provide a low cost quiet
quick-filling long lasting valve assembly for controlling the
filling of water closets and the like.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a method of
eccentrically shutting off a pinch-valve when a vessel has been
filled to a pre-determined level.
These and other objects and advantages of the assembly of the
invention will be more clearly understood by those skilled in the
art upon becoming familiar with the following description,
reference being had to the appended drawings.
STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
The float-controlled pinch-valve vessel filling device of the
invention is utilized in combination with a vessel to be
controllably filled with a liquid to a predetermined filled level,
the vessel having defining walls and controllable liquid emptying
means, and comprises (1) a liquid supply conduit positioned to
deliver liquid inside the vessel, said supply conduit having a
terminal portion positioned above the pre-determined filled level
and extending approximately vertically downward towards said filled
level; (2) delivery tube means having one end portion coupled to
the terminal end of said liquid supply conduit, and, communicating
therewith, a second dependent portion terminating in a free distal
end, and a third portion cojoining the first and second portions
and being flexible and adapted to prevent liquid flow therethrough
by its internal cross-section becoming substantially zero when
flexed to form an included angle generally less than about
90.degree. between the first and second portions, said second
portion, when the delivery tube is hanging in air, under no
external stress, extending along a line diverging from the vertical
downward direction; (3) buoyant float means associated with and
attached to said delivery tube means between the point of flexing,
in the third portion, and the mid-length of the distal end portion;
and (4) stop means restricting the pivotal movement of the buoyant
float means and associated delivery tube means about the point of
flexing when the delivery tube means depends downwardly when the
vessel is in a substantially empty condition prior to filling and
the associated float and delivery tube means are in filling
position; the buoyant float means being buoyant in, substantially
impervious to, and substantially unattacked chemically by, said
liquid; the buoyant float means being shaped with first and second
slightly elongated body portions each having a longitudinal axis
and each having an end co-joined at about an angle of about
90.degree. between said axes with the end of the second body
portion overlapping the end of the first body portion by about
one-fourth to one-third the transverse width of said first body
portion, the second body portion having a side extension adjacent
its free end, the side extension projecting from the side opposite
the side to which the first body portion is joined, the second body
portion having sufficient buoyancy to overcome both jet action of
liquid issuing from the distal end during filling of the vessel and
the horizontal component of the buoyancy force on the first body
portion in a temporarily locked position against the stop means,
i.e., after the liquid level has reached the second body portion;
the delivery tube means being substantially coplanar therewith and
attached to the buoyant float means and extending along a line
adjacent the intersection of the body portions and extending
between the free ends thereof at an angle between at least
15.degree. to the longitudinal axis of the first body portion and
at least 30.degree. to the longitudinal axis of the second body
portion and attachment to the float means being at a point along
the delivery tube means whereby upon such tube means depending
downwardly along the said line diverging from the vertical, the
longitudinal axis of the second body portion is at approximately
the height of the pre-determined filled level; and the stop means
being positioned according to the combination of factors (a) the
relative lateral position of the vertically downward extending
portion of the supply conduit, (b) the thickness dimensions of the
first body portion of the buoyant float means, and (c) the angle
between the second portion of the delivery tube means and the body
portions of the buoyant float means, whereby in the assembly, prior
to filling the vessel when the second portion of the delivery tube
means depends downwardly and the first body portion of the buoyant
float means is pushed against the stop means by the substantially
horizontally acting forces of the initial flow of filling liquid
from the delivery tube means and the buoyancy of the first body
portion, the longitudinal axis of the first body portion extends,
at the bottom end of said portion, away from a line drawn
vertically downward from said downward extending portion of the
supply conduit and toward the stop means so that from about 85 to
95 percent of the lower end face of the first body portion lies
between the stop means and said vertical line, while the second
portion of the delivery tube means diverges away from said stop
means and depends at an angle of from about 10.degree. to about
55.degree. with respect to the line drawn vertically downward.
THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view of a water closet in vertical section showing the
apparatus of the invention partly in full and partly broken away
and in section.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary portion of a view in front elevation of the
apparatus of FIG. 1 showing the position of the float and delivery
tube when the water closet is filled.
FIG. 3 is a view in side elevation of the float shown in FIG.
2.
FIG. 4 is a view in front elevation of a float similar to that
shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment illustrating a side extension whose
relative position to the remainder of the float is readily
adjusted.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view of an enlarged portion of the float
and delivery tube of FIG. 1 showing the detail of the side delivery
tube for conveying a small stream of water to a trap for the
filling thereof during the filling of a water closet.
FIG. 6 is a view in section along the line 6--6 of FIG. 1 showing
the nature of the flexible portion of the delivery tube.
FIGS. 7-12 are sectional views similar to FIG. 6 showing additional
embodiments of the flexible portion of the delivery tube with
various features such as ribs and oval bores.
FIG. 13 is a fragmentary view in front elevation of a portion of
flexible tube on either side of the point of flexing showing a
ribbed tube with the ribs interrupted at the point of flexing.
FIG. 14 is a view of a liquid-holding vessel in vertical section
showing the apparatus of the invention partly in full and partly in
section, the embodiment differing from that of FIG. 1, particularly
in the conduit extending through the side wall, in stop means being
provided other than the conduit, and in there being no drain trap
to be filled while the vessel is filling.
FIG. 15 is a fragmentary portion in front elevation of the
apparatus of FIG. 14 showing the position of the float and delivery
tube when the vessel is filled with liquid.
FIG. 16 is a view in section along line 16--16 of FIG. 14 showing
the nature of the stop means.
FIG. 17 is a view in front elevation of a float similar to that
shown in FIG. 1 with a portion of delivery tube associated
therewith, the delivery end of the tube being curved to accentuate
the jet effect during filling of the vessel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, the apparatus of the
invention is shown in the context of a water closet, indicated
generally by the numeral 20, having walls including sidewalls 21
and a bottom wall 22. Water stored in the closet up to a level A--A
is drained to an associated toilet bowl (not shown), upon
depressing or tripping handle 23, the portion 24 thereof inside the
water closet 20 being connected by a chain 25 and a rigid wire or
rod 26 to a hollow rubber ball type stopper 27 that seats in a
complementary concavity 28 in a drain fitting 29 that extends
through the bottom wall 22 and communicates with a short conduit
(not shown) that leads directly to the toilet bowl. An overflow
pipe 30 is fitted into and mounted into the drain fitting 29 and
drains through a small bore or channel 31 therein to the main
channel 32 thereof. A guide 33 for the rigid wire 26 is clamped to
the overflow pipe 30 at about the midheight thereof and extends
over the concavity 28. When the water has drained out of the closet
20, it falls to a residual level indicated by the line B--B, which
is flush with the edge or lip 34 of the concavity 28, just as
refilling commences.
Water for refilling the water closet 20 is introduced through
supply conduit means comprising a supply fitting 35 that extends
through the bottom wall 22 of the water closet, has a water supply
line (not shown) connected to it externally, and internally has a
supply pipe 36 mounted upright therein and communicating therewith.
The supply pipe 36 extends upwardly approximately vertically from
the bottom wall 22 and terminates in an inverted U-shaped portion
37 having a short downwardly extending arm portion 38 to which is
connected, by means of an adapter 39, a delivery tube indicated
generally by the numeral 40.
The delivery tube 40 may be made by joining together several pieces
of tubing of different character in a combination in which there is
essentially a flexible portion to serve as a pinch-valve, but
conveniently the delivery tube is readily made of a single piece of
elastomeric material, preferably synthetic, which is moderately
flexible, but also able to maintain its integrity, and further, is
capable of being pinched or crimped and permanently deformed under
heat and pressure at the point of flexing where it is desired that
flexing occur repetitively in the same manner, i.e., in the same
plane.
The delivery tube 40, as shown, consists of a short straight
downward portion 41 adjacent the arm portion 38 of the supply pipe
36, a bent, essentially flexible and permanently deformed, i.e.,
pre-formed moderately flexed and pinched portion 42, the angle of
bending in the relaxed or externally unstressed condition when the
vessel is empty being about 25.degree. to 35.degree. , and an
elongated free end portion 43. The elongated free end portion 43
extends down toward the bottom wall 22 at or adjacent and
preferably at least slightly below the residual water level
corresponding to line B--B of the drawing. It is also quite
essential that the overflow pipe 30, the drain fitting 29, the
rubber ball stopper 27 and the rigid wire 26 be positioned away
from the arc that the elongated free end portion 43 of the delivery
tube 40 must described when it is swung upward on pivoting at the
pinched portion 42.
A sidearm delivery tube 44 is attached to the elongated free end
portion 43 adjacent to but spaced apart from the deformed and
pinched portion 42 and communicates with the bore in the said free
end portion 43 which has a small aperture 45 formed through the
wall thereof which is more readily seen in the enlarged fragmentary
view of FIG. 5. The other end 46 of the sidearm delivery tube
extends into the open top end 47 of the overflow pipe 30 and is
conveniently held in place, if desired, as by a spring clip 48.
After the rubber bulb stopper 27 has seated, after emptying of the
water closet and as refilling commences, it is important that water
entering the sidearm delivery tube 44 is directed to the overflow
pipe 30 whence it drains down into the toilet bowl (not shown) and
fills the trap thereof to the normal desired level, since water
being delivered from the tip of delivery tube 40 cannot fill the
trap after the rubber bulb stopper 27 becomes seated. The aperture
45 is preferably sized according to the water pressure range
available and the sizes of the bores of the elongated free end
portion 43 and of the sidearm delivery tube 44 are selected in a
ratio to provide just an adequate flow of water through sidearm
delivery tube 44 to fill the trap during the filling of the water
closet.
With a water pressure of about 80 to 100 p.s.i. (gauge), an
elongated free end portion bore of about 0.2 inch, and a sidearm
delivery tube bore of about 0.125 inch, a typical trap will fill in
the time it takes for a water closet to refill to a volume in the
range of 3 to 4 gallons.
A very critical aspect of the present apparatus is the float,
indicated generally by the numeral 49, especially its overall
shape, the relative dimensions or volumes of the different portions
thereof and the disposition of the float itself with respect to the
delivery tube 40 and a line drawn vertically downward from the
downwardly extending arm portion 38 of the supply pipe 36.
The float 49, as indicated, is a specially shaped body having two
main elongated body portions 50,51 of nearly equal volume jointed
at about right angles at the mutually attached ends 52,53 thereof,
the end 52 of body portion 51 overlapping about one-fourth to
one-third of the face of end 53 of body portion 50, i.e.,
one-fourth to one-third of the transverse width of body portion 50,
to provide for joinder. In addition, the two body portions 50,51,
especially in the case of a float made of cellular or foamed
polymeric material, is further braced by a large fillet-like body
portion 54 integrally formed therewith within the included angle
between body portions 50,51.
The float may also be described as an L shaped body with arms of
about equal dimensions, but with the corner opposite the included
angle of the L being notched out, a rectangular shaped portion
being removed, or at least cuts being made transversely to each
body portion, to a depth approximately equal to the transverse
width of one of the arms. The body portions or arms may have most
any shape in section but are most generally square or nearly square
in section. In a typical water closet assembly the dimensions of
the float made from cellular polymeric material having a density of
about 2 pounds per cubic foot is 3 3/32 .times. 1 7/8 .times. 1 3/4
inches for the first body portion and 3 7/8 .times. 1 3/8 .times. 1
3/4 inches for the second body portion with a side projection
measuring 1 .times. 1/2 inch, and the fillet being in the form of
an isosceles triangle having the side lengths 1 1/4, 1 1/4 and 1
7/8 inches.
The elongated body portion 51 is attached to the elongated free end
portion 43 of delivery tube 40 adjacent to but spaced apart from
the pre-formed moderately flexed or bent portion 42, as by being
formed around the delivery tube, or, in any other suitable manner,
e.g., by cementing or by fastening with a clip, so as to hold the
elongated body portion 51 nearly horizontal but with the free end
55 thereof dipped slightly down from the horizontal when the
delivery tube portion 43 extends down at an angle of about
25.degree. to 35.degree. from the vertical. The point of attachment
is always between the mid-length of the delivery tube portion 43
and the moderately flexed or bent portion 42.
As a further critical and essential part of the invention, the
float is provided with a small protruding body portion 56 at or
adjacent the free end 55 of the elongated body portion 51, the
protruding body portion 56 extending from the elongated body
portion 51 in the same plane as both body portions 50,51 and away
from the side to which elongated body portion 50 is attached. The
protruding portion 56 has a volume about one-eighth to about
one-twelfth, but preferably about one-ninth to about one-eleventh,
and most preferably one-tenth, that of the elongated body portion
51 and is one of the features that is essential to obtaining
eccentric action in the valve shut-off operation in closing the
pinch-valve of the apparatus.
As further critical and essential aspects of the invention, the
radius of the U-shaped arm portion 37 of the supply pipe 36 and the
dimensions of the elongated body portion 50 of the float 49 are
mutually interdependently selected so that the float, as it hangs
in air supported by the externally unstressed and only moderately
flexed or bent delivery tube 40, when the water closet stands
drained, is positioned with the downwardly extending elongated body
portion 50 immediately adjacent or bearing against the supply pipe
36, which briefly serves as stop means during each cycle, the now
approximately vertical longitudinal axis of the first body portion
50 as it emerges from the lower end thereof extending to a point
about midway along a horizontal line between the supply pipe 36 and
a line extending vertically downward from the adapter 39 and the
short straight portion 41 of the delivery tube 40, these being
attached to the downwardly extending arm portion 38 of the inverted
U-shaped portion 37 of the supply pipe 36. It is essential that the
said longitudinal axis, as it emerges from the lower end of the
first body portion 50, is between the adjacent supply pipe 36 and
said vertically drawn line and that from about 85 to 95 percent,
and more preferably about 90 percent, of the lower end face 69 of
the first body portion 50 lies between said vertical line and said
supply pipe 36 in order to get the appropriately sufficient vector
force to hold the float in a locked position during most of the
filling of the vessel.
The disposition of the float 49 and the delivery tube 40 when the
water closet is filled to the level denoted by the line A--A, the
normal "filled" level, is illustrated in FIG. 2. There the float 49
is seen to be buoyed up by the water with the first body portion 50
partly submerged and with the second body portion 51 adjacent or
against the arm 38 of the supply pipe 36. It is essential that the
delivery tube 40 assuredly pinches off the flow of liquid upon
being flexed through an angle no larger than that permitted upon
moving the second body portion 51 in an arc up towards arm 38.
A view of the float 49 in side elevation is shown in FIG. 3,
illustrating principally the right rectangular nature of the
elongated body portions 50,51, though these may also be cylindrical
in section, if desired, or any other reasonable solid and strong
body shape having the requisite volume for buoyancy.
The moderately bent, by pre-forming, portion 42 of the delivery
tube 40, as seen in FIG. 2, is flexed by the action of the float 49
through a substantial angle, generally, about 90.degree. , but
always sufficient to positively shut off the flow of water through
the delivery tube 40 at the bent pinched portion 42. Preferably the
delivery tube is so-formed that bending it to form an included
angle of about 60.degree. to 75.degree. completely shuts off the
flow of water.
A view in section of the flexible bent pinched portion 42 of the
delivery tube 40 taken along the line 6--6 of FIG. 1 is shown in
FIG. 6, illustrating a tube of uniform wall thickness and circular
in section. On heating and permanently deforming the flexible
tubing to have a permanent partial restriction, the tubing is
caused to bend most readily through substantially the same plane,
when flexed repeatedly, with a good degree of reliability. If this
is found to be a problem with any particular materials used to form
the delivery tube 40, then tubes appearing in section like those of
FIGS. 7-12 may be used in place of the tube of FIG. 6 as the
delivery tube of FIGS. 1-5. FIGS. 7-12 each show a view in section
rather similar to FIG. 6, i.e., a section through the portion of
delivery tube 40 that flexes and pinches shut to control liquid
flow therethrough. By the use of tubes having one or more external
ribs or longitudinally thickened wall sections, as illustrated in
FIGS. 7-12, more reliable and certain flexing through a given plane
is obtained consistently with some elastomeric materials.
The fragmentary view of FIG. 13 shows a portion of pinched bent
tube which has external ribs front and back with respect to the
direction of flexing and which may be used as the pinched bent
portion 42 of FIG. 1. The tube of FIG. 13 flexes easily since the
ribs are removed or absent immediately at and adjacent the
pre-formed pinched constriction and any such tube with one or more
ribs is preferably so modified at the constriction point.
Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2, the distal end or tip 57 of the
elongated free end portion 43 of the delivery tube 40 may be simply
cut off square, but it is preferred for water closet apparatus that
the tip 57 is bevelled, with the longest part closest to the
elongated first body portion 50 of the float 49 so that liquid
issuing from the delivery tube is directed almost diametrically
away from the first body portion 50.
The elongated free end portion 43 of the delivery tube 40 extends
between the body portions 50,51 of the float and substantially in
the same plane therewith and at an angle of at least about
15.degree. to body portion 50 and an angle of at least about
30.degree. to body portion 51, but more generally is about midway
the two body portions at an angle of about 25.degree. to 35.degree.
to body portion 50.
The float may be made of any strong, but very light weight material
with a density in the range of about 0.5 to about 5 pounds per
cubic foot, but more preferably about 1 to 3 pounds per cubic foot.
The material should be resistant to attack by the liquid filling
the vessel being controlled, and should not soak up such liquid and
lose its buoyancy, nor disintegrate. While it is possible to
construct a suitable float in the form of a hollow body with, e.g.,
a thin metal, glass or plastic shell or envelope, or even as two
hollow bodies joined together, it is simplest and best to make the
float of foamed or expanded polymeric or vitreous, i.e., glass or
ceramic material, having substantially all closed cells. Suitable
materials for making the float for use in most aqueous liquids
include foamed or expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, and,
poly-lower alkylene formed from low molecular weight monomer having
a carbon chain length not exceeding four carbon atoms and including
polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutylene. More suitable for use
with active organic solvents such as acetone, ether, petroleum
ether, or benzene, are foamed or expanded polyhalogenated polymers
such as chloropolyethylene, or foamed or expanded ceramic or
vitreous materials of the requisite low density. The polymeric
materials are convenient to use since they are usually supplied in
dense pelletized or bead form with material already incorporated
therein that causes the polymer to expand on being heated. Such
materials are readily heated, expanded, bonded and formed under
compression around the delivery tube 40, generally eliminating the
problem of attaching or bonding the float to the delivery tube so
that it will not slide up or down the tube and alter the liquid
level at which the device shuts off the flow of filling liquid, or
slide down the tube and fall off while the vessel is empty.
The delivery tube 40 is most conveniently made of a single piece of
natural or synthetic elastomeric material, for example, a polymeric
material usually formulated with an anti-oxidant and a plasticizer
and having sufficient integrity to hold a tubular form indefinitely
while being flexible enough not to crack or break on being flexed
many, many times. Partially vulcanized natural rubber is usable but
more superior service is had from polychloroprene,
polychloroisopentadiene, polypropylene, butyl rubber and
styrene-butadiene copolymer. The material of choice is the well
known saran rubber consisting essentially of the copolymer of
vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile copolymerized in proportions
of about 85 percent and 15 percent, respectively, as more fully
described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,523,235. Other related compositions
are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,614,092 and 2,996,843. Another
suitable elastomer is butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer. Each of
these is at least partially thermosetting and advantage of this
property is taken to crimp the tube at the point at which bending
is to take place each time the vessel fills and the float operates
to shut off the flow of liquid. Generally, the crimp in the tube
serves to make shut off more precise and abrupt, makes shut off
occur with less bending of the tube, i.e., after the free end has
swung through a smaller arc, and, as indicated above, tends to make
the part that flexes bend repeatedly through the same plane as if a
memory had been imparted to it.
In another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention illustrated
in FIGS. 14 and 15, eccentric float control means is used to
control the filling of a vessel 58 in which the supply conduit 59
extends through the sidewall of the vessel. If desired, the supply
conduit may simply extend over the sidewall of the vessel, rather
than through it, and may be supported externally of the vessel. The
float 60 is mounted on a delivery tube generally indicated by the
numeral 61. The delivery tube 61 is attached to, communicates with
and is dependent from the downwardly extending arm 62 of the elbow
63 of the supply conduit 59. As may be seen from studying FIGS. 14
and 15, the mechanism works in the same manner as that shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2 except that there is no need for a sidearm delivery
tube where there is no trap to be refilled. In addition, in the
absence of an upstanding supply conduit extending up from the
bottom wall of the vessel, it is necessary to provide other stop
means 64 against which the float 60 bears after it swings down
during emptying of the vessel and against which it must bear during
most of the stage of filling the vessel. On the other hand, upon
positioning the downward extending arm portion 62 of the supply
conduit 59 an appropriate distance from the sidewall of the vessel
and inside the vessel, such sidewall may be utilized as the stop
means. The stop means 64 is located nearly vertically below the
said downwardly extending arm 62 of the supply conduit 59 and in
the plane through which the float swings when the delivery tube
flexes at shut off. The stop means 64 is attached to the sidewall
of the vessel by any suitable means such as welding or bolting to
the sidewall itself and the stop means may have any suitable shape
in section so long as it contacts the float as shown in FIG. 14 and
stops the float 60 at the point shown. As may be seen from FIG. 16,
the stop means 64 represented here is rectangular in section.
The tip of the delivery tubes, as illustrated in the drawings, may
be square cut or bevelled. As illustrated in FIG. 17, the tip 65
may also be slightly bent or curved so that the opening faces away
from the first body portion 66 of the float, such first body
portion being the part of the float which bears against the supply
conduit or other stop means. Thus, liquid issuing from the delivery
tube is directed in such manner that the first body portion 66 is
pushed against such stop means as an essential part of keeping the
pinch-valve open until the subsequent eccentric or abrupt shut off
of the mechanism of the invention.
In a moderate size vessel such as a water closet, the tip of the
delivery tube desirably extends close to or just under the residual
liquid level when the vessel is drained so that on commencing
refilling the jet action is promptly enhanced by the liquid issuing
from the tip pushing against surrounding liquid in the vessel. In
larger vessels it is adequate to have the tip extend far enough
down to bring about this reaction in a timely manner to lock the
float in the filling position as the liquid level rises.
If desired, the float used in the present apparatus may be
constructed similar to that shown in FIG. 4 in which an end portion
67 of elongated body portion 68, corresponding to the second body
portion 51 of the float of FIGS. 1 and 2, is a separate piece which
is attached by pins 69 which are readily pulled out and the
relative positions, transversely, of body portion 68 to the end
portion 67 adjusted by reattaching the end portion 67 with the pins
after sliding the end portion transversely to the body portion,
i.e., up or down with respect to the body portion when the
mechanism is in the filling position when the vessel is empty and
body portion 68 extends about horizontally. Such adjustments change
the characteristics of the action of the float and determine when
the abrupt shutting off action of the mechanism will take place,
thus determining the final or filled liquid level. This permits
fine adjustments where needed, facilitating less expensive
installation and more satisfactory performance.
In carrying out eccentric float controlled vessel filling
operations according to the method of the invention using the
apparatus of the drawings, it is essential during the filling of
the vessel after rising liquid has reached the level of the
depending first body portion of the float means, to provide a first
vector force in a horizontal direction consisting of the combined
effect of the buoyancy of the first body portion and the jet action
of liquid issuing from the distal end of the delivery tube, the
vector force being sufficient to temporarily fixedly hold the first
body portion locked against a stop with the free ends of the body
portions of the float disposed one on either side of a vertical
line drawn down from the downwardly extending arm of the supply
conduit, and to maintain the float and first body portion thereof
in such position throughout the filling of the vessel. Then when
the vessel is substantially filled to the pre-determined filled
level, it is essential to provide sufficient second vector force,
in the form of buoyancy of the second body portion, in a horizontal
direction opposed to said first vector force to overcome the same
and to pivotally move the float means, including the first body
portion, out of the temporarily locked position, to a sufficient
extent that the lower end of the first body portion is moved past
said vertical line, causing the buoyancy of the first body portion
to come into play on the said opposite side of the vertical line
whereby the buoyancy of the first body portion is combined with
that of the second body portion to provide a vertically directed
vector force great enough to eccentrically flex the associated
delivery tube arcuately upwardly to form an included angle less
than about 90.degree. and sufficiently small to pinch shut the
flexible portion of the delivery tube, abruptly shutting off the
flow of liquid therethrough.
An advantage of the present invention is that small particulate
matter passing through the liquid supply line seldom plugs the
pinch-valve, while such material often plugs or partially obstructs
the ordinary metal valves used for vessel filling control
heretofore.
* * * * *