U.S. patent number 3,670,509 [Application Number 05/062,450] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-20 for buoyancy adjustment back pack.
Invention is credited to William D. Walters.
United States Patent |
3,670,509 |
Walters |
June 20, 1972 |
BUOYANCY ADJUSTMENT BACK PACK
Abstract
A buoyancy adjustment back pack for use by divers. The back pack
is capable of supporting a usual air tank or tanks but also
includes a compartment containing a pelleted or fluent mass which
can be partly jettisoned to adjust the buoyancy of the diver, or
completely jettisoned in an emergency.
Inventors: |
Walters; William D. (Costa
Mesa, CA) |
Family
ID: |
22042567 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/062,450 |
Filed: |
August 10, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/186;
114/315 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63C
11/30 (20130101); B63C 2011/306 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63C
11/02 (20060101); B63C 11/30 (20060101); B63c
011/30 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/69,70 ;114/16R,16T
;224/5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
US. Naval Institute Proceedings, August, 1964, pages 54 & 62
relied upon..
|
Primary Examiner: Bell; J. Karl
Claims
I claim:
1. A buoyancy adjustment back pack comprising:
a pack structure configured to fit upon a diver's back and
including harness means for mounting of said pack structure to the
diver's body, said pack structure further including a compartment
having an outlet in its lower portion;
a mass of solid elements having a specific gravity greater than
water and located in said compartment for imparting negative
buoyancy to said pack structure to establish the overall buoyancy
of the diver and his equipment; and
gate means having a closed position for normally closing said
outlet to retain said solid elements in said compartment, said gate
means including release means operable for moving said gate means
to an open position to open said outlet whereby said solid elements
are enabled to flow out of said outlet, and for moving said gate
means to a closed position to close said outlet whereby further
flow of said solid elements out of said outlet is prevented.
2. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim 1 and
including bias means operative to bias said gate means toward said
closed position.
3. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim 1 wherein
said pack structure is vertically elongated and said compartment
extends between the upper and lower extremities of said pack
structure whereby at least a portion of said mass is located in the
upper portion of said pack structure for improved weight
distribution during a diving operation.
4. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim 1 wherein
said pack structure and said gate means are releasably interengaged
whereby forcible operation of said release means disengages said
gate means and said pack structure to jettison all of said
mass.
5. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim 1 wherein
said mass of solid elements comprises lead shot.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a back pack for a diver and more
particularly to a back pack for adjustment of the buoyancy of the
diver.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A "SCUBA" diver usually wears a back pack strapped to his person to
provide a means for supporting an air tank or tanks. The back pack
is easily unstrapped so that the diver can quickly surface without
the tank if necessary. In addition, the diver normally wears a
weight belt to overcome his natural positive buoyancy and to enable
him to dive without extra effort. It is important that the weight
belt be strapped on after the back pack and other equipment is
donned so that the weight belt can be quickly jettisoned in case of
an emergency.
In addition to the weight belt it is common for a diver to also
wear an inflatable life vest. Although the life vest is useful to
float the diver on the surface in an emergency, and is useful to a
limited extent to aid the diver in reaching the surface, it is
particularly useful in adjusting the buoyancy of the diver during a
dive. That is, it is not always possible to accurately predict the
amount of weight which a diver must wear in order to achieve
neutral buoyancy, or slightly positive buoyancy, as preferred, so
the diver uses his life vest to adjust his buoyancy by merely
inflating the life vest to overcome any tendency to negative
buoyancy. Such negative buoyancy may be present for a number of
reasons, such as a gain in weight of the diver since the last dive;
too much weight on the weight belt; or compression of the foam
cells in the diver's wet suit at diving depths.
The use of a weight belt is a nuisance because it is heavy and
difficult to handle, the weights are in a poor position for
hydrodynamic stability of the diver, and the belt cannot be
jettisoned in an emergency if the hapless diver has buckled
anything over the belt. In addition, the cast lead weights are
relatively expensive and, because of their size, only approximate
the buoyancy adjustment usually needed. A finer buoyancy adjustment
is possible with the inflatable life vest, but such a vest is quite
expensive and, if one is not careful, the vest becomes partially
filled with water when inflated under water.
SUMMARY
According to the present invention a buoyancy adjustment back pack
is provided which is capable of supporting an air tank for a diver,
and which is also capable of providing the buoyancy adjustment
functions of both a usual weight belt and an inflatable life
vest.
More particularly, the back pack includes a harness system for
attachment to the diver's body, and further includes a compartment
containing a fluent or pelleted mass such as inexpensive lead bird
shot. The compartment is filled sufficiently with these little
pellets to provide an approximation of the desired buoyancy
condition for the diver. By virtue of their size, the pellets
permit this approximation to be quite precise. The container
extends up over the small of the diver's back so that the weight of
the pelleted mass may more easily be borne by the diver, as
compared to a cumbersome weight belt worn at the waist.
The lower extremity of the compartment is normally closed by a gate
which is movable by the diver, by means of a lanyard or the like,
to allow the lead shot to flow or fall out of the compartment under
the influence of gravity. By opening and closing the gate at the
proper time a submerged diver can obtain a very good adjustment of
his buoyancy from negative to neutral or even to positive. In this
regard, the gate can be held open, or pulled away altogether, to
jettison all of the fluent mass. This has the same effect as the
jettisoning of a conventional weight belt in an emergency.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a buoyancy adjustment back
pack according to the present invention, the back pack being
illustrated as it would be used by a SCUBA diver to support an air
tank;
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the back pack of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of
FIG. 4;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 4--4 of
FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line 5--5 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a view taken along the line 6--6 of FIG. 5; and
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line 7--7 of FIG. 5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated a buoyancy
adjustment back pack 10 comprising a generally vertically elongated
pack structure 12 configured to fit upon the back of a diver and
including a harness 14 for mounting the pack structure 12 to the
diver's body over his wet suit 15. The pack structure 12 is hollow
to define a compartment 16 generally coextensive with the structure
12 and having an outlet 18 in its lower portion. A pelleted or
fluent mass consisting of lead shot 20 is located in the
compartment 16 to impart negative buoyancy to the pack structure
12. The lead slot 20 is maintained in the compartment 16 by a
laterally slidable closure or gate 22 which normally closes the
outlet 18. The gate 22 is slidable in a complemental slot 23 by
pulling upon a release ring 24 so that all or a portion of the lead
shot 20 can be released or jettisoned from the compartment 16.
The pack structure 12 is preferably molded of a suitable plastic
material and is adapted to support a usual air tank 26 with its
associated air regulator apparatus. Since any suitable means may be
used for mounting the air tank 26 upon the pack structure 12, as
will be apparent to those skilled in the art, details concerning
mounting structure for this purpose are omitted for brevity.
Likewise, the particular construction of the harness 14 is not
important to the present invention since any harness 14 suitable to
mount the air tank and associated apparatus in position is
satisfactory. The harness 14 illustrated comprises a pair of straps
28 adapted to extend over the diver's shoulders and about his
waist. The free extremities of the straps 28 may be detachably
secured together by a clamp or buckle 30, while the opposite or
fixed extremities of the straps 28 are disposed through a series of
slots 32 provided in the upper portion of the pack structure 12.
The strap ends are stitched as illustrated to secure them to the
pack structure 12.
The waist portions of the straps 28 are oriented for disposition
about the waist by disposition of the straps through pairs of slots
34 at the sides of the pack structure 12.
The pack structure 12 is contoured to the natural shape of the
diver's back and extends from the small of his back downwardly to
his hip region. The structure 12 generally widens from top to
bottom, except that the lowermost portion which mounts the gate 22
and its associated release system is somewhat reduced in width, as
best viewed in FIG. 2. This configuration provides a comfortable
pack structure wide enough in the region of the diver's waist to
accommodate the straps 28 and offer lateral stability for the tank
26, and yet otherwise small enough not to be cumbersome.
As best seen in FIGS. 3 and 5-7, the gate 22 comprises an
elongated, transversely oriented plate which is welded to an
elongated, transversely oriented rod 36. The rod 36, which is
integral with the release ring 24, extends through a transverse
bore 38 provided in the lower wall portion of the pack structure 12
and opening into the gate slot 23. Both the gate slot 23 and bore
38 extend laterally outwardly, as best illustrated in FIGS. 5 and
7.
A bias means or compression spring 40 is also located in the bore
38, being disposed about the rod 36 and bearing at its opposite
extremities against the gate 22 and a retainer block or plug
42.
The plug 42 is releasably fitted or adversely bonded within a
complemental opening provided in the side of the pack structure 12
at the outer terminii of the bore 38 and gate slot 23. The manner
of securement or bonding is such that the securement or adhesive
bond normally securely retains the spring 40, rod 36, and gate 22
in position interiorly of the retainer plug 42. However, the
securement or bond fails under a deliberate, forcible pull by the
diver upon the ring 24. This enables the plug 42 to disengage or
separate from the pack structure 12 so that continued pulling upon
the ring 24 pulls the rod 36, spring 40, and gate 22 completely out
of the pack structure 12. If desired, the plug 42 may be made of a
light polystyrene foam or the like so that it will itself fail upon
forcible pulling upon the release ring 24, and thereby enable
separation of the gate 22 from the pack structure 12.
In operation, the diver uses the harness 14 to strap the back pack
10 and air tank 26 in position in the usual manner, except that he
does not use a weight belt. As previously indicated, the back pack
10 incorporates a sufficient quantity of the lead shot 20 in the
compartment 16 to compensate for the diver's natural positive
buoyancy. It is also unnecessary for the diver to utilize an
inflatable life vest for buoyancy adjustment during the diving
operation since, as will be seen, the back pack 10 enables such
adjustment by jettisonment of a portion of the lead shot 20.
Once the diver dons his self-contained underwater breathing
apparatus, including the air regulator and tank 26, he descends in
the usual manner. Assuming that the weight of the lead shot 20 has
already been adjusted so that his buoyancy is approximately
neutral, the diver will soon experience an apparent negative
buoyancy as the air cells in his wet suit 15 compress and the wet
suit 15 displaces less water. This condition is usually undesirable
because it means the diver must continually exert an effort to stay
off the ocean bottom, for example.
The diver may reestablish a state of neutral buoyancy by
jettisoning part of the lead shot 20. This is done by pulling
laterally outwardly on the ring 24 until the gate 22 uncovers a
small portion of the opening 18 to allow some of the lead shot 20
to fall out of the compartment 16. When the diver experiences the
condition of buoyancy desired, he releases the ring 24. The bias of
the spring 40 acts against the gate 22 and urges it to the closed
position illustrated in FIG. 5.
In an emergency situation it is desired to jettison all of the lead
shot 20 in order to reach the surface quickly, the diver may pull
the ring 24 outwardly and keep it pulled outwardly against the bias
of the spring 40 until all of the lead shot 20 drops out of the
compartment 16. Alternatively, the diver can forcibly pull upon the
ring 24 to tear the plug 42 out of its seat in the pack structure
12. This enables the whole assembly of the gate 22, rod 36, and
spring 40 to slide out of the bore 38 and the slot 23 so that the
compartment outlet 18 is completely uncovered. All of the lead shot
20 then pours out of the compartment 16 without further attention
of the diver.
The back pack 10 has been described in connection with a "SCUBA"
diving operation, but it is similarly applicable to other types of
diving as well, such as "free" diving and "hard hat" diving.
The lead shot 20 is merely exemplary of a fluent mass which works
satisfactorily with the back pack 10. The term "fluent" is intended
to include any form of mass which comprises sufficiently small
pellets or bodies that they pour or flow out of the compartment
outlet 18 in a continuous stream that can be cut off at any point
by the gate 22 to obtain a fine adjustment of buoyancy.
The disposition of the lead shot 20 throughout a substantial
portion of the back pack, particularly that portion which normally
is located above the diver's waist, provides improved hydrodynamic
stability. There is no undesirable concentration of weight at the
waist, as in the case with a conventional weight belt.
In addition to eliminating the usual weight belt, it will be
apparent that the back pack 10 also eliminates any need to use an
inflatable life vest to periodically adjust diver buoyancy during a
diving operation, since small quantities of the lead shot 20 can be
jettisoned at any time desired. This is particularly useful at the
greater diving depths where the tendency toward negative buoyancy
is more pronounced because of the compression of the diver's wet
suit.
Various modifications and changes may be made with regard to the
foregoing detailed description without departing from the spirit of
the invention.
* * * * *