U.S. patent number 3,669,252 [Application Number 05/122,180] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-13 for surface protection material.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kimberly-Clark Corporation. Invention is credited to Ernest C. Evans.
United States Patent |
3,669,252 |
Evans |
June 13, 1972 |
SURFACE PROTECTION MATERIAL
Abstract
A protector sheet material serving as packing material for fine
furniture and its combination with the furniture and a surrounding
contacting container in such manner as to inhibit marking or
buffing of the furniture in shipment. The protector sheet material
has a foam surface for contacting the furniture and a paper backing
for contacting the container in such manner that slippage in
shipment occurs preferentially between the container and paper
backing.
Inventors: |
Evans; Ernest C. (Appleton,
WI) |
Assignee: |
Kimberly-Clark Corporation
(Neenah, WI)
|
Family
ID: |
22401163 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/122,180 |
Filed: |
March 8, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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837563 |
Jun 30, 1969 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
229/164.1;
206/591; 428/318.4; 428/409; 206/594 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
81/03 (20130101); Y10T 428/31 (20150115); Y10T
428/249987 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
81/03 (20060101); B65D 65/40 (20060101); B65d
085/00 (); B32b 005/18 (); B32b 007/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;229/14C ;206/46FC,46FN
;161/148,160,165,190,159 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Van Balen; William J.
Parent Case Text
This application is a streamline continuation of application Ser.
No. 837,563, filed June 30, 1969 and now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. In combination with a shipping container having therein an
article provided with a fine finish surface, a protector sheet
material interposed between the fine finish surface and the inner
wall of the container, the said protector sheet material having a
paper element having two faces, one of said faces lying in contact
with the interior wall of the container and the other face having
secured thereto a foam ply, said foam ply being of greater
thickness than the paper element, porous, easily compressible,
resilient and having a greater slide angle than the face of the
paper element which contacts the interior wall of the container
such that s shifting of the article within the container causes
sliding of the paper element relative to the container but no
significant movement of the foam ply relative to the article
surface whereby buffing, marking and scratching of the last
mentioned surface due to the shifting of the article is
inhibited.
2. The combination according to claim 1 wherein the slide angle of
the foam is at least twice the slide angle of the paper
element.
3. The combination according to claim 2 wherein the paper element
is spot bonded to the foam ply and the bond of the paper element to
the foam ply is sufficient to resist shearing action imposed on the
protector sheet material by shifting of the article within the
container, and the slide angle difference between the compressible
foam and the paper element relative to methyl methacrylate is about
25.degree. to 33.degree..
4. The combination according to claim 3 wherein the ply of foam
material has a thickness in the range of about one-sixteenth to
one-fourth inch and the paper element has a lesser thickness.
5. The combination according to claim 1 wherein the slid angle of
the foam is in excess of 50.degree. and the slide angle of the
paper element is less than 25.degree., both relative to methyl
methacrylate as a slide surface.
6. In a protector sheet material, a porous, resilient, easily
compressible foam and a paper backing adhesively secured on one
face of the foam only, said paper backing having an exposed surface
which is readily slippable relative to a methyl methacrylate
surface, said foam being relatively non-slidable with respect to
the said methyl methacrylate surface, the foam having a thickness
in the range of about one-sixteenth to one-fourth inch and the
paper backing has a lesser thickness.
7. Protector sheet material according to claim 6 wherein the foam
has a slide angle in excess of 50.degree. and the paper element has
a slide angle of less than 25.degree. both relative to methyl
methacrylate as a slide surface.
Description
My present invention relates to sheet protector material adapted to
overlie and to separate confined high finish surfaces of furniture
and the like from supporting surrounding packaging containers, for
example.
The invention has for a principal object to provide protector
material which covers furniture surfaces or the like and which is
non-slippable relative to such surfaces but is readily slippable
relative to the inner surface of the supporting container.
An important object of the present invention is to provide the
protector material so that it is of sufficient strength,
flexibility and resiliency that it may be readily drawn around or
passed about an edge or corner of a desk, table or the like to
protect the same in shipment against surface buffing or abrasion
which sometimes occurs due to relative motion between the container
and the shipped articles.
A particular object of the invention is to provide a protector
material having a large slip differential between its opposed
surfaces. Slip differential is a measure of the tendencies of the
opposed protector surfaces to slide on a surface of common
characteristics and is conveniently expressed in degrees as noted
hereinafter. For the purposes of this invention one surface of the
protector material is provided to slide or slip readily on most
surfaces such as paper, wood, metal and the like while the other
surface is selected to have a large coefficient of friction
relative to most surfaces.
Further and other objects and features of the invention will be
more fully understood from the following detailed description and
accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the protector material with one ply
turned back to conveniently illustrate the underlying ply and a
useful adhesive bonding arrangement of the plies;
FIG. 2 is a view of the protector material in usual functional
position interposed between a carton interior and a surface to be
protected;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view in side elevation of equipment useful in
the production of the protector material;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of apparatus useful in determining the
slip characteristics of various materials.
Referring to the drawings and particularly initially to FIG. 1, the
numeral 1 generally indicates the sheet protector material. The
protector 1 includes a ply 2 of a soft, flexible, compressible
foam; this foam ply, I have found, may suitably be of a wide
variety of sponge-like materials including particularly ether and
ester types of polyurethanes. Such products are commercially
available in convenient thicknesses and densities for my purpose
and no premium cost is involved in their supply. The thickness of
the ply 2, I have found, may usefully be in the range of
one-sixteenth to one-fourth inch and should be such that small dust
or grit particles may be encompassed within its pores or
interstices to thereby inhibit any "sandpaper type" action on
surfaces to which the foam may be affixed. Additionally, I have
found that the foams mentioned do not tend to mark or buff the fine
polished wood surfaces common to television consoles, tables, desks
and the like. The relatively high coefficient of friction or high
slide angle, as noted more particularly hereinafter, is a further
major factor in preventing marking or buffing of fine surfaces. The
term buffing is used herein and the appended claims to indicate a
polishing type of action wherein high gloss is imparted to a
portion of the surface area of the material being protected by
relative movement of the protector material.
The numeral 3 designates a paper backing for the foam ply 2. This
paper backing should be strong, smooth on the outside exposed face,
flexible and such that it has a relatively low coefficient of
friction, that is, a tendency to slip or slide readily when in
contact with other papers, cardboard, boxboard, wood, metal or the
like. Kraft paper in the basis weight range of about 12 pounds to
about 100 pounds is a useful material for the shipment of common
articles such as chairs, pianos and the like, but a good generally
useful product may have a kraft paper ply 3 of about 40 pounds per
ream (24.times.36 inches .times.500 sheets). Tissue paper having a
ream weight of 16 pounds or glassine may serve the purpose in many
instances. Preferably, the ply 3 has a degree of stretchability to
permit shock absorption particularly when the protector material is
applied about sharp edges of an article in transit.
The numeral 4 indicates spaced adhesive dots which function to
retain the paper ply 3 on the foam 2. Starch type adhesives are
quite suitable as are the synthetic latices (acrylics,
butadiene-styrene, etc.). Spot bonding of the piles 2 and 3 is
preferred as stiffening of the product by the adhesive may be
avoided and yet sufficient bond strength is attained to provide for
a tough protector sheet. Importantly, the bond should be
sufficiently strong to provide that shear forces transmitted in the
general plane of the protector sheet by the paper ply 3 to the foam
ply 2 do not cause ply separation.
The protector sheet is producible on a production basis with simple
mechanical equipment illustrated in FIG. 3. As indicated in the
drawing, a roll 5 of kraft paper (40 lb. basis weight) is directed
over a relief glue printing roll 6 and into contact with a
polyurethane foam sheet passing from roll 8. Adhesive 9 is applied
by applicator roll 10 revolving in pot 11 to the periphery of the
relief printing roll 6. The paper ply 3 and foam ply 2 are combined
on the periphery of roll 12 and directed over guide roll 13 to
lead-in roll 14 and windup roll 15 rotating in the directions
indicated by the arrows. The method of protector sheet formation or
production forms no part of the present invention and any
convenient method may be employed for the purpose. The roll 15 may,
of course, be suitably fashioned by cutting, trimming and the like
to provide lengths of protector sheet 1.
A generally suitable protector sheet product for the shipment of
household furniture, for example, may have the following
characteristics: a polyether foam of open celled construction at a
thickness of about three-sixteenths inch adhered to a kraft paper
of about 40 pounds basis weight (24.times.36 inches .times.500
sheets) by polyvinyl acetate adhesive disposed in small spaced
adhesive dots.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the table 16 has applied to its upper
surface, indicated generally at 17, a protector sheet 1 of FIG. 1
and which sheet may extend over the whole upper table surface and
be drawn around the edges 18. The protector sheet is drawn taut but
no particular stress need be applied, it being satisfactory if the
foam 2 simply lies in face to face contact with surface 17. The
protector sheet may be held in position by virtue of its own
tension or by tape (not shown), for example, the tape contacting
the protector sheet and the table on its underside.
When ready for transit, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the ply 2, which
is of greater thickness than the ply 3, will contact the interior
surface 21 of a shipping container, frequently a corrugated liner.
Normally, when employing usual wadding sheets or the like between
the surface 21 and the article packaged, relative movement of the
container and article, due to sudden shock loads, container
movement and the like, may result in slippage of the wadding on the
article, causing surface scratches, marks and the like. In the
present instance (FIG. 2) the slippage between the article and foam
ply 2 is substantially eliminated as the foam does not readily slip
on fine smooth surfaces, and such relative movement as may occur
takes place between the ply 3 and the container interior surface
21, preventing marking of the article. In the course of any such
movement the paper-foam material may be subjected to a shear action
which is resisted by the combined effect of the adhering adhesive 9
and the supplementary paper-foam contact.
Suitability of materials for either the ply 2 or the ply 3 may be
readily determined by use of the simple inclined plane of FIG. 4.
As shown therein, a base 23 has pivoted thereto at 24 an angularly
extending arm 25 adapted to traverse scale 26. The arm 25 includes
an upper slide surface section 27 suitably of smooth plastic such
as methyl methacrylate. The term slide angle as used in this
description and the appended claims will be understood to refer to
methyl methacrylate as a reference though clearly other materials
would serve the same purpose. The material 28 to be tested is
wrapped around a 4-pound steel block 30 so that a planar lower side
29 contacts the section 27. Clamp 32 retains the test material in
taut position. Raising of the arm permits evaluation in known
manner of the angle at which slippage commences. Degree blocks as
indicated at 31 may be used to support the arm 25 in upraised
position. The higher the angle, the higher the resistance to
slippage, and I have found that most soft, resilient foams have a
slip angle of 50.degree.-55.degree.. This is in contrast to a wide
variety of papers and films which have slip angles in the range of
about 22.degree. to 33.degree.. A high differential of slip angle
between the two surfaces of the protector sheet material is
required, and I have found that the differential between kraft
paper and polyurethane foam is about 31.degree.
(55.degree.-21.degree.). In contrast, prior art materials used for
protection have a differential of only about 1.degree. to
6.degree.; paper backed wadding, for example, has only a 2.degree.
differential relative to methyl methacrylate
(24.degree.-22.degree.). In general, I prefer that the slide angle
of the foam be at least twice the slide angle of the paper backing;
commonly, a difference in slide or slip angle of between about
25.degree. and 33.degree. is desired for my purpose.
In practice, the material specifically described herein has been
employed in shipment of TV sets, pianos, dining room sets and the
like without marring of the furniture.
As many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention
may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it
is to be understood that I do not limit myself to the specific
embodiments thereof except as defined in the appended claims.
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