U.S. patent number 3,668,613 [Application Number 05/005,011] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-06 for electrical connector.
Invention is credited to John J. Klosin.
United States Patent |
3,668,613 |
Klosin |
June 6, 1972 |
ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
Abstract
An electrical connector for cables and the like having a current
carrying means, a deformable attaching body adapted to at least
partially surround a length of the cable, and at least one
tooth-shaped penetrating member in electrical contact with the
current carrying means of the connector. The attaching body is
positioned about the cable and fixed to the cable by means of a
compression tool or the like which at least partially deforms the
attaching body causing the penetrating member to pierce the cable
insulation and contact the inner conductive core of the cable. All
external surfaces of the connector may be fully insulated including
the penetrating members. Insulation on the connector may be used to
seal the connection between the connector and the cable to provide
a weatherproof insulated connection.
Inventors: |
Klosin; John J. (East
Brunswick, NJ) |
Family
ID: |
21713677 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/005,011 |
Filed: |
January 22, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
439/410; 174/84C;
174/71R |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
4/2495 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01R
4/24 (20060101); H01r 011/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;339/95,97-99,276 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: McGlynn; Joseph H.
Claims
1. An electrical connector for electrical conductors having an
outer layer of insulating material and an inner core of
electrically conductive material, said connector comprising:
means to carry current;
a deformable attaching body operatively associated with said means
to carry current and adapted for disposition about a conductor;
and
at least one penetrating member of electrically conductive material
in electrical communication with said means to carry current, said
penetrating member disposed and adapted to penetrate said outer
layer of insulating material to contact the inner conductive core
of the conductor upon deformation of the attaching body about the
conductor so that current will be carried from the core of the
conductor to said means to carry current, a layer of insulating
material, covering the entire connector.
2. An electrical connector for electrical conductors having an
outer layer of insulating material and an inner core of
electrically conductive material, said connector comprising:
means to carry current;
a deformable attaching body operatively associated with said means
to carry current and adapted for disposition about a conductor;
and
at least one penetrating member of electrically conductive material
in electrical communication with said means to carry current, a
layer of insulation covering at least said penetrating member and
the exposed
3. The combination claimed in claim 2 wherein said deformable body
is shaped to partially conform to the shape of the conductor with
said penetrating member being disposed with relation to said
connector so that the insulation on said penetrating member will be
stripped from said penetrating member by the conductor to form an
insulating cushion between said connector and the insulating layer
of said conductor upon deformation
4. The combination claimed in claim 3 wherein said attaching body
has a weakened portion adapted to give upon said deformation of
said attaching body to cause said penetrating member to penetrate
said conductor in a
5. A combination claimed in claim 3 wherein said penetrating member
has a relatively rounded end disposed remotely from said attaching
body, said remote end adapted to provide an area contact with said
electrically conductive inner core of said conductor upon
deformation of the attaching
6. The combination claimed in claim 3 further comprising a
plurality of penetrating members spaced to conform to a
predetermined cable lay of a
7. The combination claimed in claim 3 wherein said deformable
attaching
8. The combination claimed in claim 7 wherein said connector is
made from
9. The combination claimed in claim 3 wherein said deformable
attaching
10. The combination claimed in claim 9 wherein said penetrating
member is connected to said attaching body on the inner part of
said C cross section
11. The combination claimed in claim 3 wherein said means to carry
current includes a tap wire connecting member of conductive
material electrically
12. The combination claimed in claim 11 wherein said tap wire
connecting member comprises:
a. a lead off segment of electrically conductive material
electrically communicated to said deformable attaching body;
and
b. a passage in said lead off segment adapted to receive a take off
cable.
13. The combination claimed in claim 3 further comprising:
a plurality of penetrating members disposed in spaced relation to
provide means for penetrating a plurality of electrical
conductors;
a plurality of deformable attaching bodies operatively associated
with said plurality of penetrating members and connected to said
means to carry current so that deformation of said plurality of
deformable attaching bodies will cause said plurality of
penetrating members to penetrate a plurality of conductors and
electrically connect said plurality of conductors through said
means to carry current,
said plurality of penetrating members being connected to said means
to carry current,
said penetrating members being connected to said deformable
attaching bodies,
said deformable attaching bodies being shaped to partially conform
to the shape of the conductor with said penetrating members being
disposed with relation to said connector so that the insulation on
said penetrating members will be stripped from said penetrating
members by the conductor to form an insulating cushion between said
connector and the insulating layer of said conductor upon
deformation of said deformable attaching bodies
14. The combination claimed in claim 13 further comprising a layer
of
15. The combination claimed in claim 13 further comprising a layer
of
16. The combination claimed in claim 13 wherein said connector is
made from
17. The combination claimed in claim 13 wherein:
said means to carry current include frame means; and
each of said plurality of penetrating members is operatively
connected to
18. The combination claimed in claim 13 wherein said means to carry
current
19. The combination claimed in claim 13 wherein said means to carry
current
20. The combination claimed in claim 11 further comprising an
attaching bar
21. The combination claimed in claim 20 wherein said attaching bar
includes a hook shaped portion adapted to fit over a conductor and
to be supported thereby.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described with reference to problems
found in the electrical utility field though the invention may be
used whenever an electrical connection to an electrical conductor
is to be made and for any type of electrical connection such as
taps, splices, junctions, etc.
Though insulated primary distribution circuits have been operated
at voltages ranging from 2,000 to 5,000 volts for many years, many
major utilities have now increased, or will be increasing, the
voltage of such circuits to voltages approaching 15,000 volts. Some
operating systems are installing insulated primary distribution
circuits at 23,000 volts.
It has been the practice, in wiring to the lower voltage primary
circuits, to first strip the main cable insulation to bare the
conductor metal, then install the connector, and thereafter
insulate the resultant joint. Such reinsulation is usually
accomplished by taping. Electrical linemen often maintained
circuits of up to 5,000 volts in accordance with the aforesaid
practice, while the circuits are energized, by insulating
themselves from the main cable or conductor through the use of
rubber gloves covered by leather gauntlets.
Maintenance of high voltage circuits exceeding 5,000 volts has
always been more difficult. In view of the safety problems involved
in working at these elevated voltages, connectors are applied
remotely using insulated live line tools 6 to 12 feet in length. To
avoid the problem of stripping cable insulation and re-insulating
an electrical connection, many of the high voltage lines are made
using bare uninsulated conductors. Screw-type clamps can then be
applied to the bare conductor by securing the clamps in the live
line tool, hooking the clamp over the conductor, and then fixing
the clamp to the conductor by rotating the live line tool until the
joint is tight.
Making electrical connections to insulated high voltage circuits
above 5,000 volts is more difficult since it requires stripping of
the cable insulation. It is also necessary to re-insulate and
weather-seal the connection after it has been completed. The
reinsulation is extremely important in insulated primary circuits
since the conductors are closely spaced and rely on the insulation
around each conductor to maintain the potential between phases. An
uninsulated connection would therefore cause a short-circuit to an
adjacent phase. It is also important to weather-seal the connection
since any trapped moisture or contaminants in the cable could cause
corrosion and ultimately destroy the conductor.
Present practice in making connections to these insulated cables
varies. One common practice is to spread the conductors apart where
connections must be made. The conductors are then stripped using
the live line tools that operate appropriate stripping tools and
then the same clamps used on uninsulated circuits are applied. The
clamps are left uninsulated because the space between phases
becomes the insulation just as it is in uninsulated circuits.
The problem of stripping the conductors, even when dead, has been
further complicated by the present extensive use of greatly
improved plastic cable insulations. Many of the new insulating
materials, like high density polyethylene, are substantially rigid
and hard. While these insulations have tremendous appeal because
they resist abrasion from trees and tree limbs much better than
conventional rubber insulation, they are extremely difficult to
remove from the conductor. Thus, special expensive stripping tools
are required. In some areas such insulations are burned off with
propane torches. The insulation applied to the newer cables is
often not as adequate as the insulation which has been stripped
off.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides an electrical connector for an insulated
electrical conductor. The present connector permits an insulated
electrical connection to be made by merely fixing the connector to
the line conductor. The connector thus eliminates the need for
insulation stripping and since it can be pre-insulated also
eliminates the need for reinsulation after the connection is made.
Further, the connector may be installed by a workman located at a
safe distance from a high voltage line by the use of standard tools
with insulated extensions of, for example, 4 to 6 feet long. Thus,
the connector can be gripped by a tool, placed over the line, and
fixed into place. Safety is promoted whenever the connector is used
since the conductor is not bared.
The connector comprises a conductive element, a deformable
attaching body adapted to at least partially surround the live
cable to be tapped and a rigid conductive penetrating member
electrically connected to the conductive element of the connector.
The conductive components of the connector may be completely
insulated along at least their outer surfaces when installed on the
line cable to provide an insulated connection after the connection
is completed. The penetrating member is disposed in the connector
so that, upon at least a partial deformation of the attaching body,
the penetrating member will pierce the cable insulation and contact
the electrically conductive core thereof
When the penetrating member and other conductive components of the
connection are fully covered with insulation, the process of fixing
the attaching body to the cable causes the penetrating member to
pierce its own insulation as it progresses into the cable. This
stripped insulation is formed into a weather-proof sealing means
between the conducting portions of the connector and the cable.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved electrical connector for cables.
Yet, another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved electrical connector for cables and the like which can be
safely installed in high voltage circuits.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
electrical connector for cables and the like which can be easily
installed in high voltage lines and operate with high
reliability.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved
electrical connector for cables and the like which is highly
adaptable to a wide variety of installations.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved electrical connector for cables and the like which can be
easily installed by workmen who are positioned remotely from the
point of the connection.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved electrical connector for cables and the like which can be
installed on insulated lines without requiring the stripping of the
insulation from the line to be tapped.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved
electrical connector for cables and the like which can be installed
on an insulated line and requires no re-insulation after the
installation.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved electrical connector for cables and the like which
connector when installed will provide a self-insulating
connection.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved
electrical connector for cables and the like which when installed
on an insulated cable will provide a weather proof
installation.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide an
improved electrical connector for cables and the like which can be
fabricated from relatively simple components requiring a minimum of
manufacturing processes.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved
electrical connector for cables and the like which can be
fabricated from standard relatively inexpensive materials used in
the electrical industry.
Still a further object of the present invention is an improved
electrical connector for cables and the like which can be used to
join two or more cables.
Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following
description of the embodiments of the invention, and the novelty
features will be particularly pointed out hereinafter in connection
with the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view in cross section of a connector
in accordance with the invention positioned about an electrical
conductor;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational cross sectional view of the connector
of FIG. 1 after having been compressed to make the connection;
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the connection of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of a connector in accordance with
the invention with the connector body shown in cross section;
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the connector of FIG. 4 in
partial section;
FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the connector of FIG. 5 shown
after connection to an electrical conductor;
FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of the connection of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a front elevational view of a splice connector in
accordance with the invention;
FIG. 9 is a front elevational view of the splice connector of FIG.
8 shown connected to two electrical conductors;
FIG. 10 is a side elevational view in cross-section of another
embodiment of a connector built in accordance with the teachings of
the present invention positioned about an electrical conductor;
FIG. 11 is a side elevational cross-sectional view of the connector
of FIG. 10 after having been partially compressed to make the
connection.
FIG. 12 is a side elevational cross-section view of the connector
of FIG. 10 after completion of the connection;
FIG. 13 is a front elevational view of the connector of FIG.
12;
FIG. 14 is a front elevational view of another embodiment of the
invention adapted to provide a temporary connection to a
conductor;
FIG. 15 is a side elevational view along Line 15--15 of FIG.
14;
FIG. 16 is a front elevational view of a modification of the
connector shown in FIG. 14;
FIG. 17 is a front elevation of another embodiment of a connector
build in accordance with the invention in the form of a T
shape;
FIG. 18 is a bottom view of FIG. 17;
FIG. 19 is a sectional view along lines 19--19 of FIG. 17;
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a connector built in
accordance with the invention showing the construction of the
penetrating member;
FIG. 21 is a view along lines 21--21 of FIG. 20, partially in
section.
FIG. 22 is a top view, partially in section, of another embodiment
of a T-shaped connector built in accordance with the teachings of
the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment of a
connector built in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, a connector 10 in accordance with a
preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. The connector 10 is
shown in FIG. 1 before connection to an electrical conductor 12 and
in FIGS. 2 and 3 after connection thereto. Electrical conductors
with which the invention would generally be used comprise an
insulating outer layer or layers and an electrically conductive
inner core. The inner core may comprise strands of material, solid
material, etc. As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the electrical conductor 12
has an insulating coating made up of two layers 14 and 16 of
insulating material which surround a solid inner conductive core
18.
The connector 10 comprises an attaching body 20 made from a fairly
rigid, malleable, electrically conductive material, such as
aluminum, as shown in the drawings. It is generally C-shaped in
cross-section though it could be of many other shapes as will be
discussed hereinafter. Connected to the attaching body 20, or
integral therewith as shown, are two tooth-like penetrating members
22. The penetrating members need not be restricted in shape. They
could be a solid ridge of penetrating material, be wedge-shaped,
conical, or any other configuration adequate to pierce the
insulation.
A layer of insulating material 24 covers the outer surfaces of the
attaching body 20. In addition, insulating material 26 may be
disposed between the inner end of the penetrating members 22 and
the lower portion of the inner surface 28. It will be noted from
FIG. 2 that the insulating material 26 functions to provide a
positive seal for the electrical conductor 12 when the connection
is completed. The attaching body 20 also comprises a weakened
portion 30, the function of which will be more fully discussed
hereinbelow.
To form a connection, the connector 10 is positioned about the
electrical conductor 12 as shown in FIG. 1. A compression tool (not
shown) of the type well known in the art equipped with suitable
dies to handle the connector 10 is then disposed about the
connector. In the alternative, the connector could first be
positioned in a compression tool which tool may be disposed on the
end of a live line pole.
The connection is made by operating the compression tool to deform
the attaching body, thereby closing the body about the conductor.
The penetrating members 22 thereby pierce the insulating layers 14
and 16 and contact the core 18.
The weakened portion 30 of the attaching body 20 is positioned and
constructed to facilitate bending thereabout so that, upon
deformation of the body the penetrating members pivot about the
weakened area and enter the layers of insulation 14 and 16 of the
electrical conductor in a direction toward the center of the
electrical conductor and continue in such direction until
contacting the inner core 18, at which predetermined distance the
dies of the compression tool touch, preventing further
penetration.
Referring now to FIGS. 4-7, a tap connector 11 in accordance with
the invention is shown. It will be seen in FIG. 7 that the
connection 11 differs from the connections shown in FIGS. 1-3 in
that it has separate C-shaped attaching bodies 5 and 7 joined by a
common bottom frame portion 9. Weakened portions 34 are provided
(only one being shown) which function similarly to the weakened
portion 30 of the embodiment of FIG. 1. Tooth-like penetrating
members 35 extend from the inner periphery of the bottom portion of
each attaching body.
An insulating layer 37 completely covers the connector 11. The
insulating layer 37 provides an additional safety factor in
insulating the weakened area 34 as well as the interior area
adjacent thereto which areas do not contact the electrical
conductor after a connection is made and thus would otherwise
provide a "live" surface.
A tap wire connecting member 36 of rigid, conductive material is
shown connected to the frame portion 9 though it could be connected
to either attaching body. The juncture of the tap wire connecting
member 26 and the frame portion 9 is covered by a layer of
insulating material 38. A bared portion 40 of the tap wire
connecting member 36 is provided for connection to a tap wire 42,
the tap wire being shown in FIGS. 5-7 after connection to the
connecting member 36.
The tap wire connecting member 36 could be in the form of an
attaching body in accordance with the present invention whereby a
compression tool could be used to attach the tap wire connector 11
to the tap wire 42 and to attach the connector 11 to the main line
13.
An insulating boot 44 is provided for insulating the connection
between the tap wire 42 and the tap wire connecting member 36. This
is accomplished by first sliding the boot 44 back along the tap
wire 42, then connecting the tap wire to the connecting member 36,
and thereafter sliding the insulating boot 44 over the
connection.
The electrical conductor or main line 13 is of the stranded cable
type including an electrically conductive core comprising a
plurality of strands 15 of conductive material. Such strands are
usually woven together in a helical pattern. If the lay of the
strands is known and special connectors are desired for a
particular application, the penetrating members 35 can be spaced to
conform with the cable lay to thereby enter between strands at a
like point in the helix. It will be seen in FIG. 6 that the
penetrating members 35 enter between strands. Thus, the penetrating
members 35 can have relatively blunt ends which push the contacted
strands aside providing both closer compacting of the strands 15
for better electrical contact and also an area contact between the
strands and the penetrating members 35.
After the tap wire 42 has been connected to the tap wire connector
36, the connector 11 is positioned about the main line 13 and
clamped to form a connection therewith in the manner previously
described, the completed assembly being shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
A splice connector 46 in accordance with the invention is shown in
FIGS. 8 and 9. The splice connector 46 comprises a plurality of
tooth-like penetrating members 48. The illustrated splice connector
46 comprises separate attaching bodies 50 and 52 joined by a common
frame bottom-portion 54.
A completed splice is shown in FIG. 9 in which an electrical
conductor 56 is clamped in the attaching body 50 and an electrical
conductor 58 is clamped in the attaching body 52. To seal the ends
of the cables from moisture, cable caps 55 and 57 are installed
before assembly on cables 56 and 58 respectively. The frame 54 via
the penetrators 48 electrically attaching bodies 50 and 52 connects
the electrical conductors 56 and 58 to each other. Caps 57 and 55
could also be extended along the length of the connectors and
secured by pressure from attaching bodies 52 and 50
respectively.
Referring now to FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 another embodiment of a tap
connector built in accordance with the teachings of the invention
is shown. The tap connector generally indicated as 80 comprises a
deformable attaching body 82 having a weakened portion 84 similar
to the embodiment of the connector shown in FIG. 1. A separate
penetrating member 86 with a broad base section 87 is mounted in
the lower portion 88 of the attaching body. An insulating layer 90
covers the entire attaching body 82 including the penetrating
member 86. Thus, when the connector of FIG. 10 is compressed around
insulated cable 70 to penetrate the cable 70 as shown in FIGS. 11
and 12, the insulating layer 90 covering the penetrating member 86
prior to its penetration of cable 70 is compressed toward base 87
of penetrating member 86 to form an insulating cushion 94 which
further seals the connection.
Since the insulating cushion 94 is formed by the stripping of the
insulation 90 back along the penetrating member 86 as the
penetrating member enters the conductor 70, the insulating cushion,
when formed, surrounds the entrance of the penetrating member 86
into the conductor 70. As the connection is completed, as shown in
FIG. 12, the insulating cushion 94 is compressed between the lower
portion 88 of the attaching body and the conductor 70 to provide a
weather tight seal for the connection, as well as to electrically
insulate the connection.
As shown in FIGS. 10, 11, and 12, the separate penetrating member
86 has an enlarged base section 87. It should be mentioned,
however, that the shape of the penetrating member is not a critical
factor in the formation of the insulating cushion. Therefore, a
suitable penetrating member could be made from a wide selection of
shapes.
FIG. 13 illustrates a modification of the connector of FIG. 10
shown in a side view. In this modification the tap connector 80
utilizes two penetrating members 86 which are shown penetrating the
cable 70. The tap additionally comprises a lead off segment 91
having a cylindrical hole 92 drilled axially therein into which the
bare ends of a take-off cable (not shown) may be inserted. This
take-off cable is sealed into the lead off portion by a clamping
procedure well known in the art which produces crimp rings 93 in
the lead off segment.
Connectors which allow a tap line to be detached from the conductor
can be built in accordance with the present invention. FIGS. 14, 15
and 16 illustrate two embodiments of connectors for detachable tap
lines.
In FIG. 14, a connector for detachable tap lines, shown generally
as 100, has an attaching body 102 with two penetrating teeth 104
and 106 connected to a conductor 70. The upper portion 108 of
attaching body 102 has an extension 110 which runs along the top of
the conductor and then turns downward into a lead off section 112.
A U-shaped attaching bar 114, formed from a conductive material, is
connected into a receiving passage 116 in the lead off section. The
attaching body 102, the upper extension 100, the lead off section
112, and the attaching bar 114 are all coated with an insulating
layer 118. The other end of attaching bar 114 is bent into a hook
shaped section 120 and is hung onto the conductor 70 to provide
additional support for the connector.
The lower portion 122 of the U-shaped attaching bar 114 is stripped
of the insulating layer 118 to expose the conductive material which
is in electrical contact with the conductor by means of the
attaching body previously described. The exposed portion of the
attaching bar provides a suitable surface to which a detachable tap
line can be connected by means of screw connectors or other well
known connectors operated by workmen from relatively remote
locations using "live line poles."
A second embodiment of a connector for detachable tap lines is
shown generally as 130 in FIG. 16. This connector is similar to
that shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 with the exception that the right
hand portion of the connector is symmetrical with the left hand
portion of the connector thereby doubling all of the components
shown on the left hand side of FIG. 14, namely, the attaching body
120, the upper extension 110, and the lead off section 112. This
symmetrical connector has a capacity to carry twice the current
load of that carried by the connector shown in FIGS. 14 and 15,
since the number of attaching bodies has been doubled and
accordingly the number of penetrating members which contact the
conductors have also been doubled.
FIGS. 17, 18 and 19 show an embodiment of a T-shaped connector
generally indicated as 140. As seen in FIG. 17 the connector has an
attaching body 142 in the upper left hand portion of the T, an
attaching body 144 in the upper right hand portion of the T, and
attaching bodies 146 and 148 in the stem of the T. The attaching
bodies are joined together by a frame 150 of conductive material.
Each attaching body has a separate set of penetrating members all
similarly numbered as 152 and shown in FIG. 19. Any portion of the
connector or the entire connector, as shown in FIGS. 17, 18 and 19,
is coated with a layer of insulation 154 as previously described in
the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 10, 11 and 12.
In a manner similar to that described above, the layer of
insulation 154 will be stripped from the penetrating members 152 as
the attaching bodies are deformed and the penetrating members enter
the connector 70. The stripped insulation will form insulating
cushions designated as 158 and shown in FIG. 18, insulating and
weatherproofing the connections made to the conductor.
As shown in FIG. 17 the connector is being utilized to tap a
conductor 70 and to transmit the power from conductor 70 to a take
off line 160 which is in turn fastened to the connector through the
lower attaching bodies 146 and 148. A protective sleeve 162 is
fitted over the end of the take off cable 160 prior to its
installation in the connector to prevent the entrance of moisture
into the cable strands that are exposed in the end 164 of the cable
160.
As seen in FIG. 19, there are two attaching bodies 146 and 148 in
the stem section of the T to equal the two attaching bodies 142 and
144 located in the arms of the T. Therefore, there will be equal
facilities to draw the current from conductor 70 and to transmit
this current into the take off cable 160.
It should be pointed out that this embodiment is ideally suited for
use as a junction box. As shown in FIG. 19, attaching bodies 142
and 144 in the arms of the T could be attached to separate
conductors in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 9, and a third
conducting line could be attached and joined by attaching it to
either or both of the attaching bodies 146 and 148 and the stem of
the T. This configuration would allow the joining of three separate
conductors. It should further be pointed out that the same
principle can be used to make an X-shaped connector which could
join four conductor cables, etc.
FIGS. 20 and 21 show a cross section view of a connector generally
indicated as 170. The connector has a frame 172 to which is secured
an attaching body 174 by a screw means 176. A penetrating member
178 is in turn connected to the bottom of the attaching body 174 by
a screw means 180. The entire assembly is coated with a layer of
insulating material indicated as 182.
This assembly illustrates the fact that the entire connector need
not be fabricated from a single piece of material nor even from the
same type of material. For example, harder materials can be used to
form the penetrating members while softer, or cheaper, or more
easily fabricated materials can be used for other parts of the
connector. Additionally, other well known attaching means other
than screws, such as welding, riveting, etc., could be used to
secure the components of the conductor.
FIGS. 22 and 23 show embodiments of the invention in which the
penetrating member is connected directly to the current carrying
means, and the deformable attaching body is attached to the current
carrying means by conventional fastening means, and not directly
connected to the penetrating member.
FIG. 23 shows a cross sectional view of a connector indicated
generally as 220 having a deformable attaching body 222 fabricated
from an electrical insulating material, connected to a current
carrying means 223 referred to as a "buss" member, by conventional
fastening means (not shown). A penetrating member 224 is shown as
being integrally formed with and extending directly from current
carrying means 223. Of course, the penetrating member could be
attached to the current carrying means in the same manner that the
penetrating member is connected to the attaching body in FIG. 20.
The "buss" member 223 and penetrating member 224 are completely
coated with a layer of insulation 226. Attaching body 222 need not
be fabricated from a conductive material because in this
construction of the connector there is no direct connection between
the penetrating member and the attaching body. Therefore, the
attaching body would have to be insulated only when it is
fabricated from a conductive material.
Attaching body 222 has a weakened portion 228 which performs the
same function as the other weakened sections of the attaching
bodies previously described. The attaching body is connected at its
bottom portion 230 to "buss" member 223 by any convenient attaching
means (not shown) as previously described.
It should be noted that the connection shown in FIG. 23 is very
similar in cross section to the connector shown in FIG. 10. It
should be apparent, therefore, that the connection shown in FIG. 10
could be constructed using a "buss" member in the same manner as
the connector shown in FIG. 23.
FIG. 22 shows a connector, generally indicated as 200, for
connecting a plurality of lines. The connector is constructed in a
manner similar to the connector shown in FIGS. 23 and 10. In this
construction, the "buss" member forms the T frame 202 of the
connector, and the penetrating members 204, cast with the "buss"
member 202 as a single unit, extend directly from the "buss"
member. Deformable attaching bodies 206 and 208 on the left and
right arms respectively of the T shaped connector 200 and
deformable attaching bodies 210 and 212 on the upper and lower
sections respectively of the leg of the T-shaped connector are all
secured to "buss" member 202 by means of screws 214. The entire
surface of connector 200 is covered with a layer of insulation
216.
It will be appreciated from the foregoing that an electrical
connector built in accordance with the invention can be used to
form any type of electrical connection with an electrical conductor
having an outer insulation layer. Further, the connecting operation
itself is greatly simplified since it eliminates the requirement
for stripping the insulating layer from the conductor and then
reinsulating and weatherproofing the connection after it has been
made. Additionally, the safety features of the conductor are
considerable.
It will be understood that various changes in the details of the
materials and arrangements of parts which have been herein
described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the
invention may be made by those skilled in the art within the
principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended
claims.
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