U.S. patent number 3,667,264 [Application Number 05/010,190] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-06 for lock core.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Emhart Corporation. Invention is credited to James W. Elliott, Walter E. Surko, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,667,264 |
Surko, Jr. , et al. |
June 6, 1972 |
LOCK CORE
Abstract
A removable or interchangeable figure-8 pin tumbler lock core
adapted to be received and locked in a housing and for operating an
associated lock mechanism. The core has a body supporting a key
plug and a locking element arranged for limited angular movement
relative to the body and the key plug to lock the core in or
release it from the housing when a control key is inserted in the
plug. The lock mechanism is operated by inserting an operating key
to rotate the plug relative to the body without effecting movement
of the locking element. A line of shear between the locking element
and the body is formed by a planar surface of the body and an
arcuate surface of the locking element generally tangent thereto.
Lugs on the locking element cooperate with grooves in the body to
prevent escape of pin tumblers from the locking element or the body
when the locking element is rotated between its locking and
releasing positions.
Inventors: |
Surko, Jr.; Walter E.
(Southington, CT), Elliott; James W. (West Hartford,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Emhart Corporation (Bloomfield,
CT)
|
Family
ID: |
21744407 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/010,190 |
Filed: |
February 10, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
70/369 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05B
9/084 (20130101); E05B 9/086 (20130101); Y10T
70/765 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
E05B
9/00 (20060101); E05B 9/08 (20060101); E05B
27/00 (20060101); E05b 027/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;70/369,340,367-368,364A,419,373 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wolfe; Robert L.
Claims
We claim:
1. A lock core adapted to be received and locked in a housing and
for operating an associated lock mechanism comprising a body having
a cylindrical bore extending longitudinally therein and including a
recess communicating with said bore and partially defined by a
generally planar surface parallel to the axis of said bore, a
generally cylindrical key plug received in said bore, means for
retaining said plug in assembly with said body for rotation
therein, a locking element received in said recess and having an
outwardly projecting locking shoulder and arcuate inner and outer
surface portions generally concentric with the surface of said
plug, said arcuate inner surface portion in mating engagement with
the surface of said plug, said arcuate outer surface portion
generally tangent to said planar surface, pin tumbler holes
extending through said locking element and into said body at
general points of tangency between said planar surface and said
arcuate outer surface portion and extending into said key plug,
said planar surface and said arcuate outer surface portion forming
one line of shear between said body and said locking element where
said tumbler holes intersect said planar surface and said arcuate
outer surface portion, said inner surface portion and said plug
surface forming another line of shear between said plug and said
locking element where said pin tumbler holes intersect said inner
surface portion and said plug surface, a stack of pin tumblers
received in each of said pin tumbler holes and having breaks
between the individual tumblers thereof, said pin tumblers being
adapted for movement to one position wherein one of said breaks is
aligned with said one line of shear by insertion of one key in said
plug to permit rotation of said locking element with said plug and
relative to said body between a locking position wherein said
shoulder is disposed in one location relative to said body and
engagable with the housing to prevent removal of the core therefrom
and a releasing position wherein said shoulder is disposed in
another location relative to said body to permit insertion of said
core into said housing and removal of said core therefrom, said pin
tumblers being adapted for movement to another position wherein one
of said breaks is aligned with said other line of shear by
insertion of another key in said plug to permit rotation of said
plug relative to said locking element and said body for operating
the lock mechanism, and means for preventing escape of said pin
tumblers from said locking element and said body when said locking
element is rotated between its locking and releasing positions.
2. A lock core as set forth in claim 1 wherein said body has
grooves formed therein and said locking element has outwardly
projecting lugs thereon extending into said grooves, said lugs and
said grooves comprising said means for preventing escape of said
pin tumblers.
3. A lock core as set forth in claim 2 wherein said grooves extend
transversely of said body in axially spaced relation and open
through said planar surface, each of said grooves intersecting an
associated one of said pin tumbler holes, and said locking element
has a plurality of pairs of axially spaced lugs, each of said pairs
including two circumaxially spaced radially outwardly extending
lugs, said lugs comprising each of said pairs extending into an
associated one of said grooves at opposite sides of an associated
one of said pin tumblers.
4. A lock core as set forth in claim 1 including means for limiting
rotation of said element between said locking and releasing
position.
5. A lock core as set forth in claim 2 wherein said lugs cooperate
with said pin tumblers and comprise means for limiting rotation of
said locking element.
6. A lock core as set forth in claim 4 wherein said body and said
locking element have coengageable abutment surfaces thereon, said
abutment surfaces comprising said means for limiting rotation.
7. A lock core as set forth in claim 1 wherein said recess
comprises a downwardly opening notch, said planar surface defines
the upper surface of said notch, and said locking element comprises
a generally cylindrical part surrounding an associated portion of
said key plug.
8. A lock core as set forth in claim 1 wherein said shoulder in
said locking position is disposed outside of said recess and
projects outwardly beyond the peripheral surface of said body and
said shoulder in said releasing position is disposed wholly within
said recess.
9. A lock core as set forth in claim 1 wherein said recess
comprises a generally rectangular opening extending transversely
through said body and opening through opposite sides thereof and
said locking element comprises a parti-cylindrical part.
10. A lock core as set forth in claim 9 including means for
preventing escape of pin tumblers from said plug when said plug is
rotated relative to said locking element and said body.
11. A lock core as set forth in claim 10 wherein said locking
element has a plurality of axially spaced apart circumaxially
extending fingers and said body has a plurality of notches formed
therein, each of said notches being adapted to receive an
associated one of said fingers when said locking element is rotated
to said locking position, said fingers and said notches comprising
said means for preventing escape of pin tumblers from said plug
when said plug is rotated relative to said locking element and said
body.
12. A lock core as set forth in claim 3 including means for
limiting rotation of said locking element between said locking and
releasing position and for preventing said lugs from engaging said
pin tumblers.
13. A lock core as set forth in claim 12 wherein said body and said
locking element have coengageable abutment surfaces thereon, said
abutment surfaces comprising said means for limiting rotation of
said locking element and preventing said lugs from engaging said
pin tumblers.
14. A lock core as set forth in claim 13 wherein said planar
surface comprises the upper surface of said recess and said
coengageable abutment surfaces are defined by generally upwardly
facing surfaces on said body and generally downwardly facing
surfaces on said locking element.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates in general to improvements in lock cores and
deals more particularly with an improved removable or
interchangeable key-operated pin tumbler lock core having a
lock-controlled assembly feature in which the assembly of the lock
core in a core receptacle or housing is controlled by the lock
core.
The invention relates more specifically to improvements in
interchangeable pin tumbler lock cores of figure-8 type such as
illustrated and described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,814,941 to Best,
entitled "Lock Core," issued Dec. 7, 1957. A lock core of the
aforesaid type usually includes a body, a key plug supported for
rotation relative to the body for operating an associated lock
mechanism, and a locking element arranged for limited angular
movement with the key plug and relative to the body to lock the
core in or release it from an associated core receptacle. As
illustrated in the patent to Best, it is usual in a lock core of
this type to provide the body and locking element with arcuate
mating surfaces which form control shears at locations where the
pin tumbler holes intersect the arcuate surfaces. When a series of
lock cores of this type are provided having a relatively large
number of key combinations, some of the pin tumblers will, if
necessary, take the form of relatively thin wafers to permit
relatively slight differences in key biting. In such a structure it
is essential that close concentricity tolerances be maintained
between the mating arcuate surfaces to prevent pin tumblers from
escaping or jamming when the locking element is rotated relative to
the body. If the core body is to be made from a single piece of
material relatively difficult machine operations may be required to
attain desired concentricity between the arcuate surfaces on the
body, the locking element and the key plug in the associated
structure so that it will operate smoothly without risk of the pin
tumblers escaping or jamming. Best overcomes this problem by
providing a body built up from stampings or laminations and riveted
together in assembly. However, this approach necessitates formation
of a plurality of parts which differ in shape and requires accurate
assembly.
Accordingly, it is the general aim of the present invention to
provide an improved lock core of the aforedescribed general type
which eliminates part or simplifies machining operations with
resulting savings in manufacturing cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, an improved removable or
interchangeable lock core is provided which includes a body and a
locking element having a line of shear therebetween formed by a
substantially planar surface and an arcuate surface generally
tangent to the planar surface. Means are provided to prevent escape
of pin tumblers from the body or locking element when the locking
element is rotated between locking and releasing positions relative
to the body.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a lock core embodying the
present invention shown with an operating key therein.
FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of the lock core of FIG. 1 as
viewed from the right in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG. 2 and
shows the core with a control key therein.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 4--4 of FIG. 3, and
shows the locking element in its locked position.
FIG. 5 is similar to FIG. 3 but shows the locking element in its
releasing position.
FIG. 6 similar to FIG. 3 but shows the core with an operating key
therein and the key plug rotated to an operating position.
FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of another lock core embodying
the present invention, shown with a control key therein.
FIG. 8 is an end elevational view of the lock core of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken generally along the line 9--9 of
FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line 10--10 of FIG. 9
and shows the locking element in its locked position.
FIG. 11 is similar to FIG. 10 but shows the locking element in its
releasing position.
FIG. 12 is similar to FIG. 9 but shows the core with an operating
key therein and the key plug rotated to an operating position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Turning now to the drawings and referring particularly to FIGS.
1-3, a lock core embodying the present invention and indicated
generally by the numeral 10 comprises a body 12 supporting a key
plug 14 and a locking element 16. The core 10 has a figure-8 shaped
profile as best shown in FIG. 2 and is adapted to be received and
locked in a complementary core receptacle or housing (not shown)
for operating a locking mechanism associated with the housing. The
locking element 16 is arranged for limited angular movement
relative to the body 12 and with the key plug 14 between a locking
position shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 and a releasing position
illustrated in FIG. 5 when a control key such as indicated at 18 is
inserted in the plug. When an operating key 20 is inserted therein
the plug is freely rotatable relative to the body 12 and the
locking element 16 for operating an associated lock mechanism in a
manner well known in the art.
Considering now the mechanism in further detail, the body 12 is
preferably formed from an elongated piece of solid material and has
a figure-8 shaped cross section or profile and a bore 22 extending
longitudinally through the lower portion thereof. A recess or notch
24 formed in the underside of the body for receiving the locking
element 16 is partially defined by a substantially planar upper
surface 26 parallel to the bore axis. A plurality of axially spaced
grooves 28, 28 extend transversely of the body 12 and open
downwardly through the planar surface 26 for a purpose which will
be hereinafter evident.
The key plug 14 is of a generally conventional type and has a
cylindrical body and a paracentric fluted keyway 30 formed therein.
A pair of cylindrical holes 32, 32 extend axially into the key plug
on opposite sides of the keyway and open through the rear face
thereof for receiving drive pins associated with the lock mechanism
to establish driving connection therewith. A retaining washer 34
received on the rear end of the key plug 14 cooperates with an
annular shoulder 35 formed at the forward end thereof to retain the
plug in assembly with the body 12.
The locking element 16 has a generally cylindrical body portion 36
which surrounds the key plug 14 within the recess 24 and includes
an upwardly extending portion 38 received in the upper portion of
the recess. The locking element 16 has concentric inner and outer
surface portions respectively indicated at 40 and 41, the inner
surface being in mating engagement with the surface of the key plug
and the outer surface portion being tangent to the planar surface
26. A plurality of circumaxially spaced radially outwardly
projecting pairs of lugs 42 and 44 are formed on the upper portion
38. Each pair of lugs extend into an associated one of the grooves
28, 28. It will be noted that a locking shoulder 45 is also formed
on one side of the upper portion 38 and extends therealong in an
axial direction.
The key plug 14 and the locking member 16 are locked against
rotation by conventional stacks of pin tumblers indicated at 48a-f
received in a plurality of pin tumbler holes 46a-f. The tumblers in
each stack have breaks between the individual tumblers thereof. The
number of tumbler stacks provided may vary, but in the illustrated
case, six stacks of tumblers are employed. The endmost tumblers 48a
and 48f are respectively received in holes 46a and 46f which extend
downwardly through the body 12 and into the key plug 14. The four
stacks of tumblers indicated at 48b-48e are associated with the
recess 24 and extend downwardly into and through the body 12 and
the locking element 16 and into the key plug 14. It will be noted
that each of the latter four pin tumbler holes is aligned with an
associated groove 28 and opens through the planar surface 26 and
extends through the locking element 16 between an associated pair
of lugs 42 and 44. A control line of shear indicated at 50 is
formed between the locking element 16 and the body 12 at the point
of tangency therebetween where the various pin tumbler holes
intersect the planar surface 26 and the outer surface 41. An
operating line of shear 52 is formed between the locking element 16
and the key plug 14 where the various pin tumbler holes intersect
the inner surface 40 and the surface of the key plug 14.
When there is no key in the plug 14 or when an improper key is
inserted therein, the divisions or breaks between the various pin
tumblers are not aligned on either of the shear lines and the key
plug 14 and the locking element 16 are prevented from turning
relative to the body 12. In either case, when the core 10 is in its
locked position, as it appears in FIG. 6, the shoulder 45 is
disposed outside of the recess and projects beyond the profile of
the body 12 for engagement with an associated core housing to
prevent removal of the core therefrom. When the control key 18 is
inserted in the plug, the various pin tumblers move to a position
wherein breaks therebetween are aligned with the control line of
shear 50 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The control key 18 may then be
turned in a clockwise direction through an angle of approximately
15.degree. so that the key plug 14 and the locking element 16
rotate together to retract the locking shoulder 45 to a position
wherein it is wholly disposed within the recess 24 as it appears in
FIG. 5. The core 10 may then be freely removed from its associated
housing.
It should be noted that the lugs 42 and 44 cooperate with the
grooves 28, 28 to prevent the escape of pin tumblers from the
locking element and the body when the locking element is rotated
between its locking and releasing positions. The lugs 42 and 44
also cooperate with the pin tumblers to limit rotation of the
locking element between its locking and releasing positions.
When a proper operating key 20 such as the key is inserted in the
key plug 14 the divisions or breaks between the various pin
tumblers are aligned on the operating shear line 52 and the key
plug 14 is freely rotatable relative to the body 12 to operate an
associated lock mechanism without effecting movement of the locking
element 16.
Referring now to FIGS. 7-9 another lock core embodying the present
invention is illustrated and designated generally by the reference
numeral 10a. The core 10a is similar in many respects to the core
10 and parts substantially identical to parts previously described
bear the same reference numeral and a letter a suffix and will not
be hereinafter further discussed.
The core 10a also has a generally figure-8 shaped profile and
includes a body 56, a locking element 58, and a key plug 14a. The
body 56 has a bore 60 which extends longitudinally therethrough and
a recess 62 which extends transversely therethrough and intersects
the bore 60. The upper wall of the recess is defined by a
downwardly facing substantially planar surface 64 parallel to the
axis of the bore. The lower extent of the recess is defined by a
pair of upwardly facing edge surfaces 66, 66 adjacent opposite
sides of the bore 60. As in the previously described core a
plurality of axially spaced grooves 28a, 28a extend transversely of
the body and open downwardly through the planar surface 64. The
body 56 also has a plurality of axially spaced notches 68, 68
formed at opposite sides of the bore therein and opening upwardly
through the edge surfaces 66, 66. Each notch 68 is radially aligned
with an associated groove 28a.
The locking element 58 comprises a parti-cylindrical or segmental
part received in the recess 62. It has an arcuate segmental portion
71 which engages an associated portion of the key plug surface and
terminates in generally downwardly facing edge surfaces 72, 72. The
element 58 also includes an integral upwardly extending portion 74
and has concentric inner and outer surfaces 40a and 41a, the outer
surface 41a being generally tangent to the planar surface 64. A
plurality of pairs of lugs 42a, 42a and 44a, 44a are formed on the
portion 74 and extend outwardly therefrom. Each pair of lugs
extends into an associated groove 28a, the lugs which comprise the
pair being disposed to opposite sides of the pin tumbler stack
associated with the groove. A locking shoulder 45a is also formed
on the element 58 and extends in an axial direction along one side
of the portion 74. A plurality of fingers 76, 76 extend generally
downwardly and in a circumferential direction from each edge
surface 72. Each finger 76 is radially aligned with an associated
notch 68 and adapted to be received therein when the locking
element 58 is moved between its locking and releasing
positions.
The core 10a operates generally as aforedescribed. However, when
the core 10a is in its locked position, as it appears in FIGS. 10
and 12, the fingers 76, 76 along the left edge surface 72 are
disposed in associated notches 68, 68 and the fingers at the
opposite or right hand side of the element 58 are disposed
immediately adjacent associated notch openings. The fingers 76, 76
on the locking element cooperate with the notches 68, 68 formed in
the body to prevent the various pin tumblers from escaping from the
key plug 14a when an operating key such as indicated at 20a is
inserted in the plug and the plug is rotated relative to the body
12 and the locking member 58 as best shown in FIG. 12.
When the locking element 58 is rotated to its locked position the
edge surface 72 on the left side of the locking element, as it
appears in FIG. 10, engages the right edge surface 66 on the body,
thereby preventing each lug 44a from engaging an associated pin
tumbler. The opposite condition is obtained when the locking
element is rotated to its releasing position, that is the surface
72 on the right side of the locking element 58 engages the
associated surface 66 on the right side of the body to prevent each
lug 42a from engaging an associated pin tumbler. Thus, each surface
72 and associated surface 66 comprise a pair of coengagable
abutment surfaces for limiting rotation of the locking element
relative to the body and for preventing the lugs on the locking
element from engaging the pin tumblers to impair free movement
thereof.
* * * * *