U.S. patent number 3,666,875 [Application Number 05/052,960] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-30 for electronically operated stringed instruments.
Invention is credited to Mario Ranzato.
United States Patent |
3,666,875 |
Ranzato |
May 30, 1972 |
ELECTRONICALLY OPERATED STRINGED INSTRUMENTS
Abstract
Stringed instruments such as the guitar, mandolin, contrabass
and piano are operated electronically instead of by hand, plectrum
or percussion. Circuitry is provided for operation and control. The
instruments are otherwise conventionally constructed.
Inventors: |
Ranzato; Mario (17100 Savona,
IT) |
Family
ID: |
26326596 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/052,960 |
Filed: |
July 7, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jul 11, 1969 [IT] |
|
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49303 A/69 |
Jun 10, 1970 [IT] |
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12735 A/70 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
84/702; 84/738;
984/346 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10H
1/342 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G10H
1/34 (20060101); G10h 003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;84/1.01,1.16,1.07-1.08,1.11,1.26,1.13 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Myers; Lewis H.
Assistant Examiner: Weldon; U.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In an electronically operated musical instrument simulating a
plucked string instrument and having means for generating an
electrical output characteristic of a musical tone for transmission
to a loudspeaker through a timbre filter box, the improvement which
comprises:
a. a frame approximating that of a standard stringed
instrument;
b. a plurality of basic tone buttons mounted on said frame, each
button being mounted for movement between a normal raised position
and lowered position;
c. spring means urging each of said buttons to the raised position;
and
d. a plurality of circuits connected to an energy source, one
circuit for each of said buttons, each of said circuits
comprising
1. electrical switching means mounted below and movable by said
button associated with it,
2. a preamplifier electrically connected to and capable of feeding
an amplified output to said loudspeaker through said timbre
box,
3. a resonance oscillator electrically connected to and feeding
said preamplifier with an output signal characteristic of a tone of
a given frequency, and
4. a condenser electrically connected to said energy source and to
said preamplifier through said switching means so as to be charged
when said button is in its lowered position and to discharge to and
activate said preamplifier when said button is allowed to return to
its raised position
whereby upon decay of the current discharged from said condenser a
damping effect on the sound, emitted by said loudspeaker upon
activation of said preamplifier, is produced.
2. The improvement in electronically operated musical instruments
according to claim 1 wherein said oscillator comprises a resonant
circuit having a variable resistor for tuning, a plurality of fixed
resistors connected in series and normally open switching means for
progressively cutting out said resistors to vary the frequency
emitted by the oscillator.
3. The improvement according to claim 2 including a plurality of
secondary buttons arranged in rows, one row for each of said basic
tone button, each of secondary buttons being operable to close the
normally open switching means of the resonant circuit, said
secondary buttons being placed at points corresponding to those at
which pressure is manually applied to the strings of stringed
instrument, whereby upon depression of one of said buttons a
predetermined number of fixed resistors are cut out of said
resonant circuit and the output signal of the resonant oscillator
is raised in frequency from that characteristic of the "open
string" tone to a higher "stopped string" tone.
Description
In instruments of conventional construction such as the guitar,
mandolin, contrabass and piano, sound emission is effected by
plucking strings by a plectrum or percussion by means of hammers,
and although such instruments have in the past been connected into
electrical circuits, such has been for amplification purposes or
for giving modified tonal qualities to the instrument.
According to the present invention, such instruments, instead of
being operated in the conventional manner or merely connected into
an amplifying electrical circuit, are provided with electronic
buttons or oscillators connected into electrical circuits in such
manner that sounds are caused to be emitted by the instrument
through electronic operation and, in the case of the guitar, for
instance, the changes in sound or string vibrations, and therefore,
pitch or tone, are carried out by means of the electronically
operated elements, buttons or pegs which are located in the same
relative positions as if the instrument were to be played in the
normal or conventional manner. In a guitar, which is the particular
example of the present invention, the central portion of the sound
box is provided with buttons which can be actuated to emit the
basic note or tone, and pegs are provided along the neck of the
instrument to vary the sound emission relative to the basic sound
in contrast to the usual way of playing a guitar wherein the tonal
sounds are obtained by finger pressure on the strings and the
moving of the fingers along the strings to reduce or increase the
effective vibratory length of the strings, musically speaking, so
as to raise or lower the note or tone respectively as a result of
changes in frequency of vibration.
In a piano, where the strings are struck by hammers at full string
and therefore with fixed tone, there need be only keys for basic
tone emission according to the present invention.
In the accompanying drawing:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view partially broken away of a guitar with
pegs and buttons for electronic operation according to the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view taken on line A--A of FIG. 1 of
an actuating button and its related dual contact switch;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on line B--B of FIG. 1
showing a plurality of actuating buttons;
FIG. 4 is a side view taken on line C--C of FIG. 1 of certain of
the tone changing pegs and their related electric circuit
portions;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken on line D--D of FIG. 1
illustrating a plurality of tone changing pegs;
FIG. 6 is a partial top plan view and partial sectional view taken
on line E--E of FIG. 5 of a part of a guitar neck;
FIG. 7 is an electrical diagram illustrating the basic principle on
which a guitar is operated according to the invention and,
FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7 of an electrical diagram for use
in operating a piano according to the invention.
Referring to the drawing, numeral 1 designates the sound box of a
guitar having a neck 2. These portions of the guitar are of
conventional construction. The central part of the sound box is,
however, provided with a series of exciting or actuating buttons 3
and a row of pegs 4 for changing the tone or note to be emitted as
a result of changes effecting length and vibrational frequency. The
number of buttons 3 and pegs 4 is equal to the number of strings
and frets or pressure points which they replace and the number of
pegs 4 in each row is sufficient to enable all the desired or
necessary tonal vibrations for each string to be obtained
analogously through the frets or pressure points of a conventional
instrument.
As further shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, each button 3 is pivoted at one
end on a pintle 5 transversely mounted as shown and therebelow is a
contact member 6 supported by or on a bracket or shelf 7 so that a
pivotal movement of a button 3 about pintle 5 completes an
electrical circuit which is immediately disconnected when button 3
is permitted to rise as occurs when the spring-like element 6'
urges the button upwardly, said spring-like element being itself
resiliently mounted at one end 6" as shown in FIG. 2. Thus, each
button 3 causes sound emission when depressed and is automatically
returned to original position when released, each contact having a
charging and discharging position for condenser 8 as more fully
described hereinafter.
As will be seen from FIGS. 4-6, each tone changing peg 4 is
provided with a spring plate 9 on its underside affixed to an
insulating circuit 10 by means of rivets or the like 11, which are
electrically connected to one another row by row. Some pairs of
contacts 12 and 12' connected to resistances 13 are arranged in row
by row series and are located under the ends of each spring plate 9
of the same insulating plate. In FIG. 4, the broken lines are
intended to designate electrical connections.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 7, it will be seen that there is a button
14 acting on different contacts 14', each button serving to prevent
or damp sound emissions by causing immediate discharge of condenser
8. At the end of the neck of the guitar, there is also a plurality
of variable resistances 15 in the form of buttons which are used
for tuning purposes.
Referring next to the operation of the instrument and FIG. 7 which
illustrates the basic electrical diagram, it will be seen that a
button 3 for a basic tone or note has an underlying contact element
6 capable of assuming two positions, in one of which the circuit is
open and in the other of which, the circuit is closed. The position
of contact element 6 in FIG. 7 is the closed position. In the
circuit, there is a condenser 8 of fixed capacity to which current
is fed from battery 16 when button 3 is lowered and contact element
6 closes the circuit. But when the button 3 is in its upper
position, as shown in FIG. 7, then the charging of condenser 8
stops and the current is fed to the preamplifier 17 to the point of
complete discharge. The preamplifier acts as an intermediary
between the oscillator 18 and the sound filter box 19 connected to
loudspeaker 20. Oscillator 18 is in a circuit which provides as
many resistances 13 as are necessary to the basic notes or tones
and corresponds to the points on which pressure is placed manually
on the strings of a conventional guitar. The circuit is also
provided with a variable resistance 15 by means of which the
current flow can be suitably altered thereby varying the basic note
or tone emitted.
FIG. 7 also shows the relationship of the pegs 4 heretofore
described and the spring plates 9 disposed below them and all
electrically connected so that when a peg 4 is lowered, contacts
12--12' are closed to connect the resistances 13 which are arranged
in series. There is also a contact 14' which is shown in open
position but which when closed, damps or eliminates all sound and
results in the discharge of condenser 8. Contact 14' is actuated by
button 14 on a box portion of the guitar.
It is to be understood further that in place of each string of a
conventional guitar, there is provided a combination of button 3,
row of pegs 4 and a preamplifier 17 together with an oscillator 18
and the contact of 14', already referred to, which has only a
single actuating button. It has only been found necessary to have a
single loudspeaker or amplifying system and a single timbre filter
box.
When it is desired to operate the guitar, a button 3 is
depressed--or more than one is depressed as desire--until contact 6
is completed and lowered to meet condenser 8, whereupon the
condenser charges. When button 3 is released, i.e., when pressure
thereon is removed, the contact 6 rises and the condenser then acts
to feed preamplifier 17 enabling the passage of the oscillations
being emitted from a resonant circuit, it being understood that the
resistances 13 connected thereto transmit the oscillations to
loudspeaker 20 with decreasing intensity proportional to the
intensity supplied by the condenser similarly to the sound of the
vibrating string which gradually is damped.
In addition to depressing button 3, a peg 4 in the same row can
also be actuated thereby cutting off certain of the resistances 13
from the resonance circuit and in this way, the oscillation
frequency varies as well as the volume of sound which is
approximately equal to the sound and tone quality of a conventional
guitar in which a string has been plucked at the point where peg 4
has made contact.
It is further to be understood that the sound box of the guitar
which can be used as the container for the electrical equipment may
be provided with any suitable appliances which enable the sound
timbre to be varied through the filter box 19 and to be modulated
with "vibrato" and "riverbero" which make a guitar versatile in
tonal sounds and tonal combinations. Similar arrangements apply to
other stringed instruments such as a mandolin and a contrabass.
In FIG. 8 a basic electrical diagram is illustrated for the
operation of an electronic piano. Those numerals in FIG. 8 which
are the same as in FIG. 7, designate like pieces of equipment but
it will be observed that the connections of the contact 6, which is
a dual contact, is inverted with respect to the operation of the
element 6 which is now a piano key or equivalent. This inversion is
necessary because, as in a conventional piano, sound must be
emitted when a key is depressed and in the electrical diagram of
FIG. 8, the lifting of a key 6 causes the condenser 8 to be charged
but when it is lowered, the condenser is connected to and feeds the
preamplifier until complete electrical discharge of the latter or
until the key is permitted to rise.
In the case of the piano, it is unnecessary to provide the
resistance 13 as for a guitar or mandolin, as the basic sound or
tone is not varied and there need only be a variable resistance 15
for tuning of the piano. The contact 14 of FIG. 7 can also be
eliminated because the lifting of a peg 6 in FIG. 8 automatically
avoids the emission of any sound. To play music on a piano
according to the present invention, it is necessary to extend the
sound of the notes even when the key is lifted as well as to damp
the sound and in order to accomplish this, there is an additional
condenser 21 parallel to condenser 8 which operates upon movement
of the pedal 22 located on the dual contact 23, this being the
upper position of rest since the lower position in which condenser
21 is fed through condenser 8, the key being lowered or depressed
at such time, the preamplifier is fed even when key 3 is released.
Means are also provided to damp the sound in the form of resistance
24 which is in parallel to condenser 8 and which stays in operation
by a closing of the contact 25 by pedal 26, thereby resulting in a
quicker discharge of condenser 8.
* * * * *