U.S. patent number 3,665,514 [Application Number 05/074,348] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-30 for low profile size adjustable protective helmet.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army. Invention is credited to Philip E. Durand.
United States Patent |
3,665,514 |
Durand |
May 30, 1972 |
LOW PROFILE SIZE ADJUSTABLE PROTECTIVE HELMET
Abstract
A low profile protective helmet comprising a rigid shell lined
with shock sorbing material, the shell being made up of separate
front, center, and rear portions with the sides of the front and
rear portions adjustably mounted in cantilever fashion on the sides
of the center portion. The center portion is provided with a
channel in its outer surface to receive the headband of a
communications headset. The adjustable mounting enables the front
and rear portions to be selectively mounted to provide a good fit
over a range of head sizes and shapes. The front and rear edges of
the center portion are provided with integral extensions which
telescope with the adjacent edges of the front and rear portions to
close the opening between the center portion and the front and rear
portions throughout the range of adjustment. The shell may be
formed of ballistic material or an outer shell of ballistic
material may be worn over the helmet.
Inventors: |
Durand; Philip E. (Hudson,
MA) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Army (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22119081 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/074,348 |
Filed: |
September 22, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/420; 2/422;
2/909; 2/6.6 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A42B
3/324 (20130101); F41H 1/08 (20130101); A42B
3/30 (20130101); Y10S 2/909 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A42B
3/04 (20060101); A42B 3/12 (20060101); A42B
3/30 (20060101); A42B 3/32 (20060101); A42b
001/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/3R,3A,3B,3C,6,209
;179/156 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Boler; James R.
Claims
I claim:
1. A low profile size adjustable protective helmet for the human
head comprising a helmet body and a releasable chin strap for
holding said helmet body on the head, said helmet body being
comprised of a plurality of sections each adapted to cover a
portion of the head extending from one side thereof to the other
side thereof and being conformed to leave the ears and the portions
of the head immediately around the ears uncovered by said helmet,
each of said sections comprising a substantially rigid outer shell
having shock absorbing material fixed to portions of the inner
surface thereof, said sections including a principal section
adapted to extend over the top of the head from a point above one
ear to a point above the other ear and at least one other section
adapted to cover a portion of the head not covered by said
principal section and adjustably mounted on said principal section,
the lower portions of said sections being joined together on each
side of the head in cantilever fashion by fastening means which
provide for a substantially rigid joint in each of a plurality of
positions corresponding to a plurality of head sizes and shapes,
and said principal section being provided with a channel in the
outer surface thereof extending transversely thereof from one side
of said section to the other side thereof, said channel being
adapted to receive the headband of a communication head set
therein.
2. A low profile size adjustable protective helmet as in claim 1
wherein said sections comprise a front section adapted to cover the
frontal portion of the upper head, said principal section adapted
to cover the top and sides of the head and a rear section adapted
to cover the rear portion of the head, said principal section being
provided with an integral extension on the forward and rear edges
thereof adapted to telescope with the rear edge of the front
section and the forward edge of the rear section respectively, to
close the opening between sections throughout the range of
adjustment therebetween.
3. A low profile size adjustable protective helmet as in claim 2
wherein said shock absorbing material in said section adjoining
said extension is spaced from the edge of said section to provide
clearance for said extension throughout the range of adjustment
between said adjoining sections.
4. A low profile size adjustable protective helmet as in claim 1
wherein said fastening means comprise a plurality of removable
fasteners adapted to engage in openings provided in the lower
portions of the sides of said sections, at least one of said
sections being provided with an excess of openings in spaced
relation whereby said fasteners may be selectively engaged in more
than one set of openings to adjust the size of said helmet.
5. A low profile size adjustable protective helmet as in claim 1
wherein said rigid outer shell is comprised of a ballistic
material.
6. A low profile size adjustable protective helmet as in claim 1
wherein said helmet is provided with a removable outer shell formed
of ballistic material.
7. A low profile size adjustable protective helmet for the human
head comprising a helmet body and a releasable chin strap for
holding said helmet body on the head, said helmet body being
comprised of a plurality of sections each adapted to cover a
portion of the head extending from one side thereof to the other
side thereof and being conformed to leave the ears and the portions
of the head immediately around the ears uncovered by said helmet,
each of said sections comprising a substantially rigid outer shell
having shock absorbing material fixed to portions of the inner
surface thereof, said sections including a principal section
adapted to extend over the top of the head from a point above one
ear to a point above the other ear and at least one other section
adapted to cover a portion of the head not covered by said
principal section and adjustably mounted on said principal section,
the lower portions of said sections being joined together on each
side of the head in cantilever fashion by fastening means which
provide for a substantially rigid joint in each of a plurality of
positions corresponding to a plurality of head sizes and shapes,
said shock absorbing material fixed to the inner surface of those
portions of said shell extending over the sides of the head being
more readily compressible than said shock absorbing material fixed
to the inner surface of those portions of the shell extending over
the top, front and back of the head whereby head sizes of varying
width may be accommodated by said helmet.
8. A low profile size adjustable protective helmet as in claim 1
wherein said shock absorbing material comprises a layer of
relatively firm material fixed to the inner surface of the shell
over the portions thereof which cover the top, front and back of
the head and a layer of relatively soft cushioning material
covering said relatively firm material and extending over the inner
surface of the side portions of said shell, the thickness of said
relatively soft material extending over said side portions of the
shell being at least equal to the combined thickness of the two
layers of shock absorbing material fixed to the top portions of the
shell.
9. A low profile size adjustable protective helmet as in claim 8
wherein the thickness of said relatively soft material extending
over the side portions of the shell is greater than the combined
thickness of the two layers of shock absorbing material fixed to
the top portions of the shell.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to protective helmets for the human head and
more particularly, to a helmet providing bump and ballistic
protection for use in a confined space in conjunction with a
communications headset.
Crewmen of combat vehicles used in military operations such as
tanks and the like require some form of protection for their heads
since they are frequently jostled about within a very confined
space which includes numerous projections offering a potential bump
hazard to the head. The operation of the vehicle and its related
combat equipment cause a very high ambient noise level which
requires that the crewmen use radio communications, both for
internal and external communications. Further, because the crewmen
may be required to leave the vehicle in a combat situation, it is
desirable that their protective headgear also provide some degree
of ballistic protection. Existing helmets for this purpose are of
the same general type as those worn by football players and pilots.
They comprise an oversize rigid shell with portions extending over
the ears. They are supported on the head, either by an adjustable
suspension system of fabric webbing, or by the use of shock
absorbing material and selected sizing pads. Communications
equipment is mounted directly on the helmet with the ear pads
supported by the portions of the helmet which cover the ears. Such
helmets are extremely bulky because of the space required between
the suspension system or sizing pads and the shell to permit the
accommodation of a reasonable range of head sizes and shapes and
the space required within the ear covering portions to accommodate
ear pads and their supporting structure. The helmets are heavy and
because the shell is spaced an appreciable distance from the head,
they are often unstable on the head. They also present a serious
noise problem since the ear covering portions of the shell tend to
aggravate the already serious ambient noise level by forming an
echo chamber around the ears. The bulk of these helmets may
seriously limit head movement by the crewmen in the very confined
space within the vehicle and, at best, presents difficult design
problems in providing compatibility with various optical sighting
devices which are located within the vehicle for use by the
crewmen.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises a helmet embodying a rigid shell lined with
shock absorbing material, the shell being made up of separate
portions which may be rigidly joined together in a plurality of
relative positions to permit the helmet to be fitted closely to a
range of head sizes and shapes. The shell portions are provided
with integral extensions which telescope with adjacent portions to
close the space between adjacent portions over the range of
adjustment therebetween. The shell portions are conformed to leave
the ears of the wearer exposed such that a conventional
communications headset may be worn in conjunction with the helmet
and a channel is provided in the outer surface of the shell to
receive the headband of such a headset.
Because of its adjustable features, the helmet provides a close fit
with the head and thus an absolute minimum profile consistent with
the amount of shock absorbing material required. The exposure of
the ears not only eliminates noise attenuation problems caused by
the ear covering portions of prior art helmets, but permits the use
of a separate conventional type headset without limiting the size
of the ear pads which may be necessary for sound attenuation. The
use of a separate headset permits ready removal of the headset with
its additional weight and bulk during periods when it is not
needed. The close fit of the helmet minimizes the weight of the
helmet itself, provides excellent stability of the helmet on the
head, and in combination with the use of a separate headset,
eliminates problems in attaining and maintaining optimal location
of the ear pads on the head.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of the helmet of the present invention
in combination with a conventional communications headset.
FIG. 2 is a central longitudinal section of the helmet, with the
communications headset removed, showing the shock absorbing
material and the telescoping relationship between the separate
portions of the helmet.
FIG. 3 is a partially exploded view of the helmet showing the
details of the adjustable mounting system.
FIG. 4 is a vertical section taken along Line 4--4 of FIG. 3,
showing the arrangement of shock absorbing material on the inside
of the helmet shell.
FIG. 5 is a side elevation of the helmet with a ballistic
over-shell in place thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The protective helmet of the present invention, designated
generally by numeral 10, comprises a helmet shell assembly 11 and a
conventional releasable chin strap 12. The helmet is particularly
adapted for use with a conventional communications headset 13 as
seen in FIG. 1. The headset 13 comprises a head band 14 which
extends over the top of the head and supports an earpad 15 mounted
on each end thereof in firm engagement with the wearer's head
aroung the ears. The ears themselves are received within the earpad
which carries a conventional earphone for transmitting sound to the
ears. A microphone boom 16 may be mounted on the exterior of one of
the earpads in a conventional manner.
The helmet shell assembly 11 is comprised of an outer shell 17 of a
substantially rigid impact resistant material with a lining of
shock absorbing material 18 fixed to the inner surface thereof in a
manner to be described. The outer shell 17 is formed by three
separate sections, a center or principal section 19, a front
section 20 and a rear section 21. The center section 19 covers the
central portion of the top of the wearer's head from a point above
the ear on one side of the head to a point above the ear on the
other side of the head as best shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, The front
section 20 is mounted in cantilever fashion on the sides of the
center section 19 in a manner to be described and covers the upper
frontal portion of the head. The rear section 21 is mounted on the
sides of center portion 19 in similar fashion and covers the back
of the head. The sides of all three sections are configured to
provide a clear area around the ear of the wearer of the helmet to
assure that the ear pads 15 of communications headset 13 can be
maintained in firm contact with the area of the head around the ear
while the helmet is being worn.
The outer surface of center section 19 is provided with a channel
22 therein as shown in FIG. 3 to receive the headband 14 of headset
13 as shown in FIG. 1. Channel 22 not only serves to locate and
maintain the headset on the helmet shell assembly 11 but also
minimizes the likelihood of jarring the headband out of position by
catching it on objects within the vehicle as the wearer moves his
head around. Accordingly, the depth of channel 22 should
approximate the thickness of the headband 14.
The front and rear edges of the outer shell center section 19 are
provided with integral extensions 23 and 24 which are slightly
offset inwardly of the outer surface of the shell to engage under
the rear edge of front section 20 and the forward edge of back
section 21, respectively, in telescoping relationship therewith for
a purpose to be described.
The side portions of center section 19 include integral front and
rear extensions 25 as shown typically in FIG. 3. These extensions
are provided in the sides of the front section 20, and also in the
sides of the rear section 21. Thus, the hole 27 in the front
section and rear section may be aligned with a pair of holes 26 in
the respective extensions of the center section with the front
section 20 and the rear section 21 in six different positions
relative to the center section 22 and rigidly fastened in any of
these positions by removable fasteners 28 engaging in the aligned
holes.
A conventional threaded screw and flanged internally threaded
socket may be used as fasteners 28 or other types of conventional
fasteners may be used so long as they snugly engage in the aligned
holes and are retained therein. In this regard it should be noted
that size adjustment by changing the relative positions of the
helmet sections should normally be required infrequently since a
helmet is usually issued to a single individual and would be
adjusted initially to fit his head. Thereafter the need for
adjustment should be minimal unless the helmet is subsequently
issued to another individual whereupon the size adjustment would be
repeated.
The shock absorbing lining 18 is comprised of two layers of shock
absorbing material over most of the inner surface of the outer
shell 17 as best shown in FIG. 2. The outer layer 29 comprises a
relatively firm shock absorbing material, for example, a
substantially rigid crushable polystyrene bead material having a
density of 4.5 pounds per cubic foot and a thickness of about 1/2
inch. The inner layer 30 comprises a relatively soft cushioning
material such as a resilient polyurethane foam having a density of
about 1 pound per cubic foot. The thickness of the inner layer 30
may be about three-eighths of an inch in those areas which are also
covered by the outer layer and an inch or more in other areas as
hereinafter described. The inside surface of the inner layer 30 of
shock absorbing material is preferably covered with soft leather 31
or a similar material providing comfort and moisture absorption
properties.
As best shown in FIG. 4, the outer layer 29 of shock absorbing
material extends over the inner surface of the top portions of the
outer shell only while the inner layer 30 extends over the outer
layer 29 and also over the side portions of the outer shell. The
thickness of the inner layer of shock absorbing material on the
side portions is increased to at least the combined thickness of
the outer and inner layers over the top portions of the shell and
preferably somewhat greater than this combined thickness as shown
in FIG. 4. This configuration of the shock absorbing lining allows
the helmet to comfortably accomodate a reasonable range of head
widths because of the compressability of the relatively soft
cushioning material on the sides of the shell and in conjunction
with the adjustability of the three shell sections extends the
range of head sizes and shapes that may be accomodated by the
helmet.
The outer layer 29 of shock absorbing material may be cemented to
the inner surface of the outer shell and the inner layer 30
cemented to the outer layer 29. The side portions of the inner
layer 30 may be movable or removable to provide access to the inner
portion of fasteners 28 where the type of fastener used requires
such access. This may be accomplished by forming the inner layer of
one continuous piece as shown in FIG. 4 which is fixed in place by
cementing only those portions which contact the inner surface of
the outer layer of shock absorbing material leaving the side
covering portions of the inner layer free to be displaced to
provide access to the fasteners. It may also be accomplished by
using separate side portions which are releasably mounted by means
of hook and pile fasteners (not shown). For that matter, such hook
and pile fasteners may be used to attach all of the shock absorbing
material to the shell thereby permitting ready replacement of this
material should it become damaged or soiled or when re-issuing the
helmet to another person.
As shown in FIG. 2, the shock absorbing material 18 does not cover
the entire inner surface of the helmet shell sections since
clearance must be provided for the telescoping or overlapping of
the front section 20 and the rear section 21 with the extensions 23
and 24 on the front and rear edges of the center section 19
throughout the range of adjustment between the sections. In the
embodiment shown in FIG. 2, this is accomplished by terminating the
shock absorbing material a predetermined distance away from the
rear edge of the front section 20 and from the front or forward
edge of the rear section 21. It will also be apparent that the
inner surfaces of the side portions of the front section 20 and
rear section 21 must be free of shock absorbing material where they
overlap the side portions of center section 19 for mounting
purposes.
The rigid impact resistant material comprising the outer shell 17
may be a suitable thermoplastic such as polycarbonate which will
provide the desired bump protection or may be a material which will
provide both bump and ballistic protection such as a nylon fabric
and resin laminate. Where bump protection only is provided by the
outer shell material, an over shell 31 of suitable ballistic
material may be provided for optional use when ballistic protection
is desired as shown in FIG. 5. For example, within an armored
vehicle only bump protection would normally be required but when
the crewmen has to leave the vehicle under combat conditions the
ballistic overshell could be added to the bump protective helmet.
In this arrangement, the extra weight of the ballistic protective
material would not have to be borne except when such protection was
required. The ballistic protective overshell 31 is lined with a
realtively soft resilient material such as the polyurethane foam
material used in the inner layer 30 of the shock absorbing material
within the helmet shell. This soft lining material permits the over
shell to be properly fitted to the helmet shell over a range of
size adjustments of the latter.
The invention described in detail in the foregoing specification is
susceptible to changes in the details, materials, configuration,
and arrangement of parts as may occur to persons skilled in the art
and is not limited to the precise details of construction as shown
and described herein. The terminology used in the specification is
used for purposes of description and not of limitation, the scope
of the invention being defined in the claims.
* * * * *