U.S. patent number 3,665,509 [Application Number 05/126,762] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-23 for underwater electrical connector.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy. Invention is credited to James H. Elkins.
United States Patent |
3,665,509 |
Elkins |
May 23, 1972 |
UNDERWATER ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
Abstract
An electrical connector system for use at great depths beneath
the surface f the sea is disclosed. A conical plug is disclosed as
having spaced contact rings and a vacuum attachment chuck to seat
the plug in a mating socket. A sealing ring provides watertight
cooperation between the plug and socket in such a manner as to
retain the plug in place by hydrostatic pressure.
Inventors: |
Elkins; James H. (Lynn Haven,
FL) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Navy (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22426532 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/126,762 |
Filed: |
March 22, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
439/42; 439/668;
439/272; 439/41; 439/271; 439/278 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
13/523 (20130101); H01R 24/38 (20130101); H01R
24/58 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01R
13/523 (20060101); H01r 013/54 () |
Field of
Search: |
;339/12,59-61,75,94,117,182,183 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: McGlynn; Joseph H.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An electrical connector comprising:
body means having a flat base portion and a right conical portion
for support of electrical contacts thereon;
first electrical conductor means extending within said body means
for the conduction of electrical current therethrough;
first contact means located on the surface of the conical portion
of said body means and in electrical contact with said conductor
means for making electrical current transfer therebetween;
hollow chamber means located within the center of said body means
for maintaining a low pressure therein; communicating between said
hollow chamber means and the apex of said conical portion of said
body means for drawing fluid therethrough;
fitting means located on the base portion of said body means for
attachment of flexible tube means thereto;
check valve means connected between said hollow chamber means and
said fitting means for effecting the one way passage of fluid
therethrough in such a manner as to exhaust said chamber means;
attachment means extending from the base portion of said body means
and adapted to be grasped by a suitable manipulator for the moving
of said body means;
receptacle means having a conical depression therein for receiving
and closely fitting about the conical portion of said body
means;
second contact means mounted in the conical depression of said
receptacle means and spaced in such manner as to cooperate with
said first contact means when the conical portion of said body
means is placed therein for effecting transfer of electrical
current therethrough;
second electrical conductor means extending within said receptacle
means and in electrical contact with said second contact means for
conduction of electrical current therefrom;
flat surface means extending completely around the conical
depression of said receptacle means for forming a sealing surface
thereabout; and
flexible seal means extending across the base portion of said body
means and resiliently biased to extend toward the apex of said
conical body means for providing a fluid tight seal with said flat
surface means when said body means is disposed within said conical
depression.
2. An electrical connector according to claim 1 in which said body
means is constructed of high density polyvinylchloride.
3. An electrical connector according to claim 1 in which said first
contact means comprises a plurality of metallic frustro-conical
bands extending circumferentially about said conical surface
portion and axially spaced from one another.
4. An electrical connector according to claim 1 in which said
attachment means is of an inverted "U" shape.
5. An electrical connector according to claim 1 in which said
receptacle means is constructed of high density
polyvinylchloride.
6. An electrical connector according to claim 1 in which said
receptacle means is mounted in the outer surface of a salvage
pontoon.
7. An electrical connector according to claim 1 in which said
second contact means comprises axially spaced, frustro-conical
bands extending around the interior of said conical depression.
8. An electrical connector according to claim 1 in which said
second contact means extends slightly into the conical depression
of said receptacle means and is capable of being resiliently
pressed into the walls thereof.
9. An electrical connector according to claim 1 in which said
second contact means comprises a series of axially spaced
frustro-conical bands which extend slightly within the conical
depression of said receptacle means and which have expansion means
therein for permitting said frustro-conical bands to expand under
the pressure of said body means until their frustro-conical
surfaces are substantially coextensive with the surface of the
conical depression within said receptacle means.
10. An electrical connector according to claim 1 in which said
flexible seal means is made of a synthetic rubber material.
Description
STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or
for the Government of the United States of America governmental
purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or
therefor.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention pertains to an electrical connector. More
particularly, the invention n pertains to an electrical connector
to be used in an underwater environment. The invention contemplates
a multi-contact electrical plug and socket which may be inserted
into a receptacle at great depths by semiautomatic or remotely
controlled operating means.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Previous methods for making underwater electrical connections have
employed a diver manually establishing the connections with prior
art hardware. Many of the plugs require indexing with respect to
their receptacle. In instances where the operational depth is in
excess of diver capability, the connections are made at shallower
depth and the device to which the cable is attached is lowered with
the electrical cables attached thereto.
In salvage operations, and other applications, as well, there is
considerable risk that the electrical conductors will become fouled
on the wreck or other bottom formations. Such entanglement risks
breakage and electrical short circuiting of the cable resulting in
damage to the equipment and, often times, requires the repetition
of the entire operation. It is, therefore, desirable to make the
required electrical connections when the object is in position on
the bottom.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention comprises a conical plug with a series of contact
rings extending around the surface of the cone and parallel to the
base thereof. Of course, a complementary receptacle is provided
with a similar shape into which the plug fits. A vacuum seal at the
outer end of the plug cooperates with a planar surface surrounding
the receptacle to prevent water leakage and provide retaining
pressure on the plug and receptacle. Suitable manipulation means is
mounted on the plug to permit it to be positioned by an external
manipulation arm mounted on a deep submergence vehicle.
With the aforegoing description in mind, it is an object of this
invention to provide an improved electrical connector.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved
electrical connector which may be used underwater.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide an electrical
connector and receptacle which may be used at great depths in the
ocean or elsewhere where the ambient pressure is great.
A further object of the present invention is the provision of an
electrical connector which may complete a plurality of electrical
circuits without resorting to indexing means.
A further object of this invention is the provision of an
electrical connector useful in establishing command circuit
connections with a salvage pontoon.
Another object of this invention is the provision of an electrical
connector having pressure assistance means to force the mating
parts into cooperative engagement.
A further object of this invention is the provision of an
electrical connector pair having conical mating surfaces.
Still another object of this invention is the provision of an
electrical connector pair having a flexible vacuum seal as a
component part thereof.
A further object of this invention is the provision of an
electrical connector having operating means permitting the
connector to be operated by the external manipulation arm of a deep
submergence vehicle.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages will be readily
appreciated as the subject invention becomes better understood by
reference to the following detailed description, when considered in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevational view showing the environment in which the
connector of the invention is used;
FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view showing the connector of the
invention being joined by the manipulation arm of the deep
submergence vehicle; and
FIG. 3 is a sectional view through the plug and receptacle of the
invention which, together, comprise the connector of the
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1, a load, such as a sunken ship 11, to be raised
is shown as resting on the sea bottom. A salvage pontoon 12 is
attached thereto by suitable arms 13. A deep submergence vehicle 14
is attached to pontoon 12 for positioning thereof relative to ship
12 prior to the attachment of arms 13 thereto. Deep submergence
vehicle 14 has an external manipulator arm 15 which is used for
attaching arms 13 to ship 11. When pontoon 12 is positioned in
cooperative relation to ship 11, deep submergence vehicle 14 may
separate therefrom and maneuver independently.
An electrical conductor 16 is lowered from the sea surface and has
a connector plug 17 secured to the distal end thereof. As will be
presently described, plug 17 is grasped by arm 15 and inserted into
a receptacle 18, which is mounted on pontoon 12.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, it may be seen that plug 17 is
generally conical in shape with an attachment means 19 at the basal
end thereof. As shown, arm 15 engages attachment means 19 for
positioning of plug 17. A flexible tube 21 is also attached to plug
17 by means of a quick disconnect fitting 22, which may be of any
commonly available type designed for underwater applications. A
flexible seal 23 extends outwardly from the top of plug 17 in a
collar-like fashion. A plurality of metallic electrical contacts 24
which are frustro-conically shaped so as to extend
circumferentially about the conical surface of plug 17 and be flush
with the surface thereof.
Receptacle 18, to be more completely described with reference to
FIG. 3, forms a watertight seal with the wall of pontoon 12. This
seal may be effected by molding the receptacle in place within a
suitable aperture within the hull of pontoon 12. Alternatively,
receptacle 18 may be held in place with conventional fasteners and
constructional techniques, if desired.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a longitudinal sectional view of plug 17
and receptacle 18, further constructional details of the connector
according to the invention will be described. Receptacle 18 will be
seen to have a series of spaced contact rings 25 extending about
the interior of a conical hollow depression 26. Contact rings are
frustro-conically shaped to receive and closely fit about the
conical plug 17. Contact rings 25 extend somewhat into depression
26 but have sufficient resiliency to permit the conical surface of
plug 17 to force them into their mounting recesses in the walls of
depression 26. In this position the frustro-conical surface thereof
becomes coextensive with the surface of the walls of conical
depression 26. This resiliency may be provided by the natural
resiliency of contact ring 25 or by an expansion slot 27 cut
therein. For purposes of simplicity of illustration, expansion
slots 27 are only shown on two contact rings 25, however, it should
be understood that they may be used on all rings, if the natural
resiliency of the contact is insufficient to provide the
aforedescribed expansion.
The body portion of receptacle 18 is made of a high density plastic
material such as polyvinyl chloride, fiberglass, or equivalent
material. A flat surface 28 on the upper portion of receptacle 18
cooperates with seal 23 on plug 17 in a manner to be described. A
multiconductor cable 29 is molded into the body of receptacle 18,
or otherwise secured therein. Each conductor of cable 29 is joined
to a preselected contact ring 25. Seven contacts are shown for plug
17 and receptacle 18, but, quite naturally, the connector may be
made for as many circuits as any specific application might
require. The attachment of the individual conductors of cable 29 to
contact rings 25 may be made by any conventional method, such as
soldering or small mechanical connectors, which may be a part of
each contact ring, as is common in the art.
Whereas contacts 25 are shown as rings extending around the
circumference of depression 26, they may be only single point
contacts or shorter segments of the complete rings shown. The
correct matching of contacts 24 and 25 is dependent only on the
axial spacing so long as one of the contact sets extends in a
complete circle. As will be obvious to a skilled worker, neither
contact system requires indexing plug 17 with respect to receptacle
18.
Plug 17, which is made from a similar material as receptacle 18,
likewise, has each of the conductors of cable 16 joined to a
contact ring 24 in a similar fashion to that used in the
construction of receptacle 18. A central chamber 31 in plug 17
communicates to the apex of the conical surface thereof via conduit
32. Chamber 31 is also joined to fitting 22, and flexible tube 21
therethrough, by means of a check valve 33. A flexible seal 23
extends across the top of plug 17 and has passages for cable 16,
attachment means 19, and fitting 22. Seal 23 is made of a flexible
synthetic rubber material and is constructed such that the outer
portions thereof are normally biased downwardly toward the apex of
plug 17, like a shallow inverted bowl.
Attachment means 19 is shown as being made of the same material as
the body of plug 17. This is an exemplary construction and may, in
reality, be made of a stronger material and joined to plug 17's
body material by conventional bonding techniques. Likewise, the
shape of attachment means 19 is shown as an inverted U shape for
purposes of cooperation with the particular manipulation arm 15
shown in the illustration. The shape of attachment means 19 may be
modified to fit other arm arrangements or complementary structure
on arm 15 of manned vehicle 14. Likewise, fitting 22 and flexible
tube 21 may be configured differently than shown and may, for
example, be made integral with arm 15 (shown in FIG. 2), so that
only a single engagement with plug 17 need be made by the vehicle.
Such changes, while altering the appearance of plug 17 somewhat, do
not detract from its function or cooperation with receptacle
18.
Plug 17 and receptacle 18 may be brightly colored or illuminated by
photoluminescent or chemiluminescent heatings in such a manner as
to facilitate their location and relative movement by personnel
within deep submergence vehicle 14.
By virtue of the complementary shape of the mating surfaces and the
spacing of the rings, the plug 17 and receptacle 18 provide a
self-aligning, multiple-circuit connection without mutual indexing.
This permits the connection to be made with a minimum of precision
motions. The exact manner in which this may be accomplished will be
made clear in reference to the description of the mode of
operation.
MODE OF OPERATION
The foregoing description, although sufficient to permit the
construction and use of the device of the invention, will be more
fully understood when considered together with the following
description of the contemplated mode of operation.
When pontoon 12 is in position on ship 11, cable 16 with plug 17
attached is lowered from the surface. Manned vehicle 14 detaches
itself from pontoon 12 and locates plug 17 and grasps it with
manipulator arm 15. Flexible line 22, which extends from vehicle
14, is also attached to plug 17 via fitting 22. Vehicle 14 is then
maneuvered to be placed in a working relationship with receptacle
18. Manipulator arm 15 is controlled to place plug 17 in receptacle
18. Plug 17 is forced into receptacle 18 to its maximum extent or
until seal 23 rests on surface 28. In some instances, depending on
the position of pontoon 12, plug 17 may be allowed to seat itself
under the influence of gravity.
When plug 17 is thus seated in receptacle 18, flexible tube 21 is
connected to a vacuum, effected, for instance, by means of a
suitable pump within vehicle 14 (not shown), and the remaining
water between plug 17 and receptacle 18 is drawn within chamber 31
thereby.
The action of seal 23 and surface 28 prevents outside water ambient
to the pontoon from rushing into the connector assembly to replace
the water drawn therefrom. Check valve 33 prevents water from
entering via fitting 22 when tube 21 is removed. The resulting
difference in hydrostatic pressure between the ambient water and
chamber 31 causes plug 17 to be forced into maximum contact with
receptacle 18 and maintained in such engagement.
It may be noted that the residual film of sea water bridging the
contacts provides some current leakage between the various
electrical circuits. However, due to the low impedance of the
electrical circuits used in the control of salvage pontoon 12, no
adverse effects have been observed because of current leakage
across such paths. Further, such leakage paths are soon opened by
the heating caused, in turn, by said leakage currents.
Obviously, other embodiments and modifications of the subject
invention will readily come to the mind of one skilled in the art
having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing
description and the drawings. It is, therefore, to be understood
that this invention is not to be limited thereto and that said
modifications and embodiments are intended to be included within
the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *